Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS242 CELL AND MOLECULAR > CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE > Flashcards

CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE Flashcards

1
Q

WHAT METHOD CAN BE USED TO SHOW THAT CHROMOSOMES CAN BE EASILY DISTINGUISHED AT METAPHASE OF MITOSIS.

A

CHROMOSOME PAINTING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

WHAT IS A CHROMOSOME

A

A HIGHLY COILED FIBRE OF CHROMATIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

WHAT IS EUCHROMATIN

A

CHROMATIN IN ITS 10NM FIBRE FORM WRAPS AROUND HISTONE PROTEINS LIKE A BEAD ON A STRING

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

WHAT IS HETEROCHROMATIN

A

CHROMATIN IN ITS 30NM FIBRE FORM WRAP INTO NUCLEOSOME ARRAYS IN THEIR MOST COMPACT FORM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WHAT DOES HIGHER LEVEL DNA SUPERCOILING OF THE 30NM FIBRE PRODUCE

A

THE METAPHASE CHROMOSOME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

WHAT IS A NUCLEOSOME MADE UP OF

A
  1. A SET OF PROTEINS CALLED A HISTONE OCTAMER (H2A,H2B,H3,H4)X2
  2. A LITTLE LESS THAN TWO TURNS OF DNA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE NUCLEOSOME

A

CAN BE OPENED UP SO THE MACHINER FOR TRANSCRIPTION/REPAIR ETC CAN ACCESS DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

HOW IS THE CHROMATIN STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION REGULATED BY THE NUCLEOSOME

A

THE N TERMINUS TAILS OF THE HISTONE PROTEINS INTERACT WITH OTHER PROTEINS FACILITATING REGULATION
THE HISTONE CAN BE ROLLED UP AND DOWN TO HIDE AND EXPOSE DNA FOR TRANSCRIPTION.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

WHAT IS A LINKER HISTONE

A

LINKER HISTONES SUCH AS H1 STRAP TO DNA ON HISTONE OCTAMERS LIKE A CLIP TO LIMIT MOVEMENT OF DNA

(THIS IS A FEATURE OF HETEROCHROMATIN - TRANSCRIPTIONALLY SILENT CHROMATIN)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

WHAT IS A FRACTAL GLOBULE

A

IN INTERPHASE CHROMATIN COMPRISES OF FRACTAL GLOBULES THAT CAN CONDENSE AND DECONDENSE WITHOUT BECOMING KNOTTED AND THEY ARE MOVED FROM ONE PART OF THE NUCLEUS TO ANOTHER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

WHAT ACCOMPANIES TRANSCRIPTIONAL ACTIVATION OF A GENE

A

EUCHROMATIN IS PUSHED IN THE GLOBULAR DOMAINS TO THE CENTRE OF THE NUCLEUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

WHAT IS A TELOMERE

A

DNA SEQUENCE IN LINEAR CHROMOSOMES AT THE END TO MAINTAIN CHROMOSOMAL INTEGRITY

TTAAGGG COPIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

WHAT IS A REPLICATION ORIGIN

A

A DNA SEQUENCE WHERE REPLICATION IS INITIATED

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

WHAT IS A CENTROMERE

A

DNA SEQUENCES TO WHICH KINETOCHORE ASSEMBLE TO HELP CHROMOSOME SEPARATION

CONTAIN ALPHA SATELLITE REPEATS THAT REPEAT THEMSELVES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WHAT IS A KINETOCHORE

A

A PROTEIN COMPLEX THAT BINDS MICROTUBULES ON THE MITOTIC SPINDLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

WHAT IS CENPA

A

CENTROMERIC PROTEIN A

MAKES CONTACT BETWEEN THE CENTROMERE AND THE INNER PLANE

17
Q

WHAT IS THE SHAPE OF THE KINETOCHORE IN YEAST

A

BASKET SHAPE LINKS A SINGLE NUCLEOSOME OF CENTROMERIC CHROMATIN TO A SINGLE MICROTUBULE

18
Q

HOW MUCH OF THE EUKARYOTIC GENOME CODES FOR CELLULAR PROTEINS

A

APPROX 1.5%

19
Q

WHAT IS INCLUDED WITHIN THE 50% OF DNA WITH UNIQUE CODING SEQUENCES

A
  1. PROTEIN CODING REGIONS
  2. INTRONS
  3. NON REPITITVE DNA THAT IS NEITHER CODONS OR INTRONS
20
Q

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NON REPITITVE DNA THAT IS NEITHER CODONS OR INTRONS

A

CIS REGULATORY IN FUNCTION IE ACTS ON THE GENES IT SITS WITH TO REGULATION TRANSCIPTION
THE MORE PROTEIN CODING GENES - THE MORE NON CODING REGULATORY DNA

21
Q

50% OF THE GENOME IS MADE UP OF REPEATED SEQUENCES - WHAT DO THESE INCLUDE

A
  1. SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEATS
  2. SEGMENTAL DUPLICATIONS
  3. TRANSPOSONS
22
Q

WHAT ARE TRANSPOSONS

A

MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS THAT JUMP AROUND THE GENOME

23
Q

WHAT ARE THE 3 TYPES OF TRANSPOSONS

A
  1. DNA TRANSPOSONS
  2. RETROVIRAL TRANSPOSONS
  3. NON RETROVIRAL POLYA TRASPOSONS
24
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD OF DNA TRANSPOSONS

A
  1. MOVE BY CUT AND PASTE MECHANISM
  2. USE OF TRANSPOSASE TO CUT FROM THE STRAND
  3. THE STRAND SELF REPAIRS
  4. THE CUT TRANSPOSOSOME INSERTS RANDOMLY ELSEWHERE
25
Q

WHAT IS THE ADVANTAGE OF TRANSPOSONS

A

FORM NEW GENETIC COMBINATIONS DRIVING EVOLUTION

26
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD OF RETROVIRAL RETROTRANSPOSONS

A
  1. REPLICATE VIA RNA INTERMEDIATES TO PRODUCE NEW DNA COPIES TO INSERT INTO NEW GENOMIC LOCATIONS
  2. THIS IS DONE USING SELF ENCODED REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE
27
Q

WHAT IS THE METHOD OF NON RETROVIRAL POLY A RETROTRANSPOSONS

A
  1. ACTS LIKE A RETROVIRIUS IN THAT IT USES REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE AND INTEGRASE
  2. BINDS TO DNA PRODUCING A SECOND STRAND WHICH IS THEN INSERTED
    EG LINES AND SINES

BMS242 CELL AND MOLECULAR (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions