Vertebrate Structure Flashcards
1
Q
Differences between non-vertebrate chordates and vertebrates
A
Brain and head end Pharynx and respiration Feeding and digestion Heart and circulation Excretion and osmoregulation Support and locomotion
2
Q
Brain and head
A
Non verts Notochord to tip of head No cranium Simple brain Poor distance sensation No electroreception Primitive verts Head beyond tip of notochord Cranium Tripartite brain Improved distance sensation Electroreception
3
Q
Pharynx and respiration
A
Non verts Gill arches for filter feeding Many Gill slits and arches Pharynx not muscularised H2O movement by ciliary action Gill arches made of collagen Primitive verts Gill arches for respiration Fewer gills Pharynx muscularised H2O movement by pumping action Gill arches made of cartilage
4
Q
Feeding and digestion
A
Non verts Gut not muscularised Food passage by ciliary action Digestion intracellular No discrete liver and pancreas Primitive verts Gut muscularised Food passage by muscular peristalsis Digestion extracellular Discrete liver and pancreas
5
Q
Heart and circulation
A
Non verts Ventral pumping structure No neural control of pumping action Open circulatory system Blood not involved in transport of respiratory gases No red blood cells or respiratory pigment Primitive verts Ventral pumping 3 chambered heart Neural control of heart Closed circulatory system Blood involved in the transport of respiratory gases Red blood cells + haemoglobin
6
Q
Excretion and osmoregulation
A
Non verts No specialized kidney Body fluids same concentration as sea water Primitive verts Specialized kidney Body fluids more dilute than sea water
7
Q
Support and locomotion
A
Non verts No vertebral elements around nerve chord Myomers v-shaped No lateral or median fins Primitive verts Vertebral elements around nerve cord Myomers w-shaped Caudal and dorsal fins present
8
Q
Interactive systems involve
A
Protection Support and movement Acquisition of energy Excretion Reproduction Coordination Integration
9
Q
General evolutionary changes
A
Larger body size
Increased activity
Filter-feeding —> predation
