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ZEN 261 > Fish Prac > Flashcards

Fish Prac Flashcards

1
Q

Scale types

A

Placoid
Cycloid
Ganoid
Ctenoid

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2
Q

Bull shark

A

Carcharhinus leucas

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3
Q

Sawfish

A

Pristus microdon

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4
Q

Lung fish

A

Protopteris annectus brieni
Filamentous pectoral and pelvic fins
Lungs
Aestivate during dry season

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5
Q

Coelacanth

A

Latimeria chalumnae
 Paired lobe fins.
 Hinged joint in the skull
 Notochord - backbone
 thick scales common only to extinct fish
 Electro-sensory rostral organ in its snout - to detect prey.

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6
Q

Snout fishes

A

Mormyridae
• Snout extended into a proboscis
• Electricity discharge for communication and hunting
• Electric discharge – species identification

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7
Q

Eels

A

Anguillidae
Longfin eel - Anguilla mossambicus
• Elongate and sinuous
• No pelvic fins
• dorsal and anal fin joined
• Minute scales
• Diadromous life style

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8
Q

Cyprinidae

A

Red barb: Barbus fasciolatus
Largest family in SA
Barbs, yellow fish, labeos

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9
Q

Characins

A

Piscivorous
Prominent jaw and teeth
Pike, imberi, tiger fish

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10
Q

Tiger fish

A

Hydrocynus vittatus

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11
Q

Imberi

A

Brycinus imberi

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12
Q

African pike genus

A

Hepsetus

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13
Q

Catfishes characteristics

A

Large adipose fin
3-4 pairs of barbels around mouth
No scales
Sharp dorsal fin

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14
Q

Rock catfishes

Barnard`s rock catfish

A

Austroglanididae
Austroglanis barnardi
Threatened

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15
Q

Catfish threats

A 
Threats:
• Introduced predators – basses
-Habitat modification
• Stream channeling
• Water extraction 
• Sedimentation
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16
Q

Mountain catfishes

A

Catlets

17
Q

Butter catfish

A

Shilbeidae
Unusual body form – depressed head, large mouth, short deep abdomen and compressed, tapered body with long anal fin
* sharp dorsal and pectoral spines with chemical irritant

18
Q

Air breathing catfish

A

Clariidae

19
Q

Electric catfishes

A

Malapteruridae

Can generate 400 volts for defense and predation

20
Q

Killifishes

A

• Habitat – temporary pools in savanna
• Brightly colored
• Eggs can withstand desiccation
• Model species for age research
* threatened – habitat destruction and insecticide spraying

21
Q

Vertebrate with shortest lifespan

A

Nothobranchius furzeri

Killifish

22
Q

Cichlids

A
  • One of the largest and most widely distributed freshwater fish families
  • Over 70% of known cichlids are found in Africa (> 900 species).
  • 8 genera and 42 species in southern Africa
  • Important food fishes
  • Attractive aquarium species
23
Q

Mozambique tilapia

A

Oreochromis mossambicus
• Tolerant to wide temperature and salinity ranges
• live and breed in both fresh and seawater
• Opportunistic and versatile feeding behaviour
• High fecundity and fast growth rate
• Ability to utilize a wide range of habitats for spawning and nursery purposes

24
Q

Labyrinth fish

A

Well developed breathing organ (Labyrinth)
Found in temperature and oxygen harsh areas
Terrestrial movements in search of suitable habitat

25
Q

Many spined climbing perch

A 
Labyrinth fish (Anabantidae)
Ctenopoma multispine
26
Q

Conservation concerns

A
  • Habitat alteration
  • Erosion and sedimentation
  • Excessive abstraction of water for irrigation purposes
  • Pollution
  • Invasive fish and plants e.g. basses, trout, water hyacinth and Kariba weed.
27
Q

Water hyacinth

A

Eichhornia crassipes
Blocks waterways, impeding both navigation and drainage.
High rates of evapotranspiration
Displacement of indigenous flora and fauna by habitat modification. Provides suitable breeding sites for vectors of human and animal diseases

28
Q

Introduce species

A 
Basses
Carps
Chinese carps
Trout
Mosquito fish
29
Q

Basses (large mouth)

A

Micropterus salmoides

30
Q

Trouts (rainbow)

A

Salmonidae

Oncorhynchus mykiss

31
Q

Common carp

A

Cyprinus carpio

Destructive feeding habits

32
Q

Mosquito fish

A

Gambia affinis

33
Q

Types of fins

A

Diphycercal
Heterocercal
Homocercal

ZEN 261 (26 decks)

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