Theme 1

Question 1

Systematics

Answer 1

The theory and practice of classification that aims to discover the branching patterns of relationships that is created by speciation

Question 2

Phylogeny

Answer 2

The hypotheses about evolutionary relationships expressed as a tree

Question 3

Cladistics aporach

Answer 3

Evolutionary lineages based on derived characteristics

Question 4

Monophyletic group

Answer 4

Clade

Ancestors + all decendents

Question 5

Apomorphic character

Answer 5

Derived/advanced

A homologous character that has evolved directly from its preexisting homologue

Question 6

Plesiomorphic character

Answer 6

A homologous character that arose earlier in time and gave rise to the later (derived) apomorphic character

Question 7

Cladogram

Answer 7

Hypothetical sequence of evolutionary branches

Question 8

Caldogram with fewest changes

Answer 8

Parsimonious phylogeny

Question 9

Inferences of biology made on

Answer 9

Behavior
Ecology
Reproduction

Question 10

Paraphyletic group

Answer 10

Ancestors + some decendents

Question 11

Sister group

Answer 11

Monophyletic group closely related to a monophyletic group under study

Question 12

Homologous

Answer 12

Inherited same state from ancestor who also had this state

Question 13

Homoplasy

Answer 13

The similarity is due to independent events
Parallelism - same feature from same ancestral condition
Convergence - same feature from different ancestral condition
Reversal - reversion to ancestral condition

Question 14

Earth movement

Answer 14

Fragmented/coalescence/fragmented

Question 15

Phanerozoic

Answer 15

545mya

Question 16

Pangaea

Answer 16

300mya and Paleozoic

Question 17

Pangaea to

Answer 17

Laurasia/Gondwanaland

Question 18

Consequence of continental drift

Answer 18

Climate change
Evolution/dispersal of terrestrial vertebrates
Changes in ocean circulation
Cold climate
Extinctions

Question 19

Other influences

Answer 19

Rise in sea level
Floods
Dis/connections of land
Lineage isolation