Vertebral column, spinal column and nerves

Question 1

Classification of curves

Answer 1

Static vs dynamic
Primary vs secondary

Question 2

Dynamic curves

Answer 2

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar

Question 3

Primary curves

Answer 3

thoracic and sacral

Question 4

3 articulations between vertebra

Answer 4

Facet joint - articulates 2 points (superior and inferior articulate process)
Intervertebral disk

Question 5

Joint type IVD

Answer 5

Symphysis joint of fibrocartilage

Question 6

Nucleus pulpolus function

Answer 6

Filled with jelly like substance conataining hyaluronic acid that binds to water molecules. Absorbing water causes swelling and resisting compressive forces

Question 7

Segmental ligaments origin and insertion

Answer 7

Flava - between. 2 lamina of adjacent vertebrae
Nuc hal - continuation of supra spinous from C7 to EOP
Inter spinous - between adjacent spinous process

Question 8

Continuous ligaments

Answer 8

Anterior longitudinal - strong and thick vertebrae anterior of vertebral bodies
Posterior longitudinal - behind vertebral bodies
Supra spinous - runs on top of spinous process

Question 9

Atlantoaxial joint ligaments

Answer 9

Tectorial membrane - continuation of PLL inserting into inner surface of occipital bone
Cruciform - horizontal band stretches between lateral masses, superior/inferior stretches from occipital bone to C2
Apical - between apex of dens and foramen magnus
Alar - on either side of dens directed to marginal foramen magnum

Question 10

uncovertebral joint

Answer 10

2 small bones elevations on superior surface of cervica al vertebrae (unicate process) form small synovial joint

Question 11

Usual ending of spinal cord

Answer 11

L1 - L2

Question 12

Segments of spinal nerves

Answer 12

1. Axons ext spinal cord as ventral rootlets
2. Ventral rootless join together to become ventral roots
3. Behind ventral root is DRG (bodies of sensory nerves outside CNS)
4. Dorsal and ventral root merge to form spinal nerve
5. Split into ventral and dorsal ramus

Question 13

Number of segments of spinal cord

Answer 13

31

Question 14

Cauda Equina

Answer 14

Bundles of spinal nerves travelling up to leave below their designated spinal segment

Question 15

3 layers/meninges of spinal cord

Answer 15

1. Pia (inner most) - carries blood vessels
2. Arachnoid - circulates CNF
3. Dura - dense connective tissue providing mechanical support

Question 16

Epidural space

Answer 16

Layer of semi liquid fat containing venous plexus between dura and body of vertebral column protecting spinal cord against trauma

Question 17

Somites

Answer 17

Mesanchymal tissues that differentiates into many different tissue types in an embryo

Question 18

Sclerotome

Answer 18

somite sitting close to midline forming joints, bones, ligamanets

Question 19

Dermato myotome

Answer 19

Somite sitting laterally and cells migrate to anterior and posterior of embryo to make skin and muscle

Question 20

Somatic plexus

Answer 20

Made up of ventral rami
- cervical plexus
- Brachial plexus

Question 21

Dermatome

Answer 21

area of skin innervated by specific spinal nerve

Question 22

myotome

Answer 22

muscle or group of muscles innervated by certain spinal nerves