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Ortho > Vertebral column > Flashcards

Vertebral column Flashcards

1
Q

Cervical ROM

A 
F: 60
E: 60
LF: 45
R: 80
TMJ: 35-50 mm opening
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2
Q

Cervical flexion muscles

A

SCM, longus cervicis, longus capitis, rectus capitis anterior

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3
Q

Cervical extension muscles

A

trapezius, splenius cervicis and capitius, longissimus capitis, levator scapulae, suboccipitals

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4
Q

Cervical lateral flexion muscles

A 
scalenes
levator scap
longissimus capitis
splenius capitus and cervicis
rectus capitis lateralis
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5
Q

Cervical rotation muscles

A 
SCM
longus capitis and coli
rotatores
splenius
suboccipitals
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6
Q

Cervical abnormal end feel

A

early myospasm: muscle/lig tear
late myospasm: instability
empty: lig rupture
hard: bone approximation (osteophyte)

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7
Q

Cervical normal end feel

A

tissue stretch

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8
Q

Cervical joint types

A

gliding - zygopophyseal joints
pivot - atlantoaxial joint
fibrocartilaginous - intervertebral joints
hinge and gliding - TMJ

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9
Q

Alar ligament

A

o

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10
Q

Nuchal ligament

A

o

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11
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

o

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12
Q

Interspinous ligament

A

o

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13
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

o

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14
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

o

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15
Q

Transverse ligament of dens

A

o

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16
Q

Thoracic ROM

A

F: 60
E: 25
LF: 35
R: 50

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17
Q

Ortho tests for cervical sprain/strain

A

AROM/PROM
muscle tests
cervical distraction

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18
Q

Ortho tests for cervical joints, discs, facets

A

cervical compression

19
Q

Ortho tests for cervical instability

A

alar ligament stress test
transverse lig stress test
Rust’s sign

20
Q

Ortho tests for cervical radiculopathy/nerve tension

A

cervical compression/distraction
Soto-Hall
valsalva
brachial plexus compression test

21
Q

Ortho tests for TOS

A

adson’s
Roo’s/EAST
Wright’s

22
Q

Ortho tests for thoracic nerve compression

A

SLR

23
Q

Ortho tests for thoracic sprain/strain or contracture

A

AROM, PROM

chest expansion test

24
Q

Thoracic joint types

A

gliding: zygopophyseal, costotransverse, costovertebral, sternocostal
fibrocartilaginous: intervertebral disc joints

25
Q

Thoracic flexion muscles

A

rectus abdominis, abdominal obliques

26
Q

Thoracic extension muscles

A

multifidi, erector spinae

27
Q

Thoracic lateral flexion muscles

A

erector spinae, semispinalis, abdominal obliques, quadratus lumborum

28
Q

Thoracic rotation muscles

A

rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis, erector spinae, internal/external oblique

29
Q

Thoracic rib elevation muscles

A

erector spinae, intercostals, serratus posterior superior, levator costarum

30
Q

Thoracic spine normal end feel

A

tissue stretch

31
Q

Lumbar spine ROM

A

F: 70
E: 30
LF: 30
R: 30

32
Q

Ortho tests for lumbar strain/sprain

A

ROM, palpation
Kemp’s
Nachla’s

33
Q

Ortho tests for lumbar radiculopathy

A

SLR, well leg raise
Braggard’s
Piriformis test

34
Q

Ortho tests for SI joint lesion

A

Belt test
Lasege’s test
Nachla’s test
motion palpation

35
Q

Ortho tests for lumbar instability

A

lumbar flexion/extension test
segmental instability test
P-A glide test

36
Q

Lumbar joint types

A

gliding: zygapophyseal joints
fibrocartilaginous: intervertebral joints

37
Q

Muscles for lumbar flexion

A

iliopsoas, rectus abdominis, internal/external oblique

38
Q

Muscles for lumbar extension

A

multifidi, erector spinae

39
Q

Muscles for lumbar lateral flexion

A

erector spinae, semispinalis, rectus abdominis, internal/external oblique, quadratus lumborum

40
Q

Muscles for lumbar rotation

A

rotatores, multifidi, semispinalis, erector spinae, internal/external oblique

41
Q

Normal lumbar ROM end feel

A

tissue stretch, rotation may have bony end-feel (facets)

42
Q

Abnormal lumbar end feel

A

early myospasm - muscle/lig tear
late myospasm - instability
empty - lig rupture
hard - bony approximation (osteophyte)

43
Q

Red flags for cervical sprain/strain

A

no indication of improvement after 1 week
progressively worse after 1 or 2 weeks
symptoms or signs of symptom magnification
non-compliance with recommendations
seeks rest, not involved in usual daily responsibilities
seeks more drugs, or drugs not having effect (addiction)
cannot return or makes no attempt to return to work
appearance of secondary gains related to illness behaviour (social, vocational, financial)
Becomes progressively dysfunctional
Shows signs and symptoms of depression

44
Q

Pathologic headache warning signs

A 
abrupt onset or very severe
new headache in older patient
headache due to trauma
assoc. neuro signs
cognitive changes
seizures, vomiting without nausea
persistent/progressive headache
nuchal rigidity
anticoagulent therapy
diastolic pressure > 115 mmHg
persistent or severe headache in child
suspicion of alcohol or drug dependence
known cancer
signs of papilledema

Ortho (13 decks)

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