Knee

Question 1

Knee AROM flexion

Answer 1

130-150

Question 2

Knee AROM extension

Answer 2

0 to -5

Question 3

Knee AROM IR (w/ knee flexed to 90)

Answer 3

20-30

Question 4

Knee AROM ER (w/ knee flexed to 90)

Answer 4

30-40

Question 5

Patella/Chondromalacia patellae tests

Answer 5

ballottement (A-P)
bounce home
bulge
medial/lateral apprehension test
modified clark's (hold pat, contract quad)
Nobel

Question 6

Plica tests

Answer 6

active stutter

Houston’s plica test

Question 7

Meniscus tests

Answer 7

McMurray’s
Apley’s compression
Apley’s distraction
Thessaly

Question 8

Ligament stress tests

Answer 8

valgus/varus stress
Lachman’s
anterior/post drawer

Question 9

When to x-ray ankle/foot

Answer 9

If bony pain in malleolar or midfoot area, or any one of:

• bone tenderness along distal 6 cm of posterior edge of tibia/fibula or tip of malleoli
• bone tenderness at base of fifth metatarsal (for foot injuries)
• bone tenderness at navicular bone
• inability to bear weight both immediately and in ER for four steps

Certain groups are excluded: under age 18, pregnant women, those w/ diminished ability to follow the test

Question 10

Knee joint type

Answer 10

Synovial
Modified hinge: tibiofemoral
Gliding: patellofemoral

Question 11

Knee flexion muscles

Answer 11

semitendinosus
semimembranosus
biceps femoris
(hamstrings)

Question 12

Knee extension muscles

Answer 12

vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris 
(quadriceps)

Question 13

Knee IR muscles (tibia)

Answer 13

popliteus w/ pes anserine muscles (knee flexed)

Question 14

Knee ER muscles (tibia)

Answer 14

biceps femoris

Question 15

Knee normal end feel

Answer 15

f: soft tissue or bony approximation
E: elastic/firm
SLR: elastic

Question 16

Knee abnormal end feel

Answer 16

boggy –> joint effusion, ligamentous pathology

springy block –> loose body (displaced meniscus)

Question 17

Genu valgum

Answer 17

Q angle >22 women, > 18 men

“knocked knees”

Question 18

Genu varum

Answer 18

Q angle < 0

“bow legs”

Question 19

Semitendinosus

Answer 19

O: ischial tuberosity
I: med condyle of tibia and med surface inf to condyle
A: knee - flex leg and med rotation
A: hip - extend thigh
Inn: tibial division of sciatic

Question 20

Semimembranosus

Answer 20

O: ischial tuberosity
I: med condyle of tibia
A: knee - flex leg and med rotation
A: hip - extend thigh
Inn: tibial division of sciatic

Question 21

Hamstrings

Answer 21

Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

Question 22

Quadriceps

Answer 22

Vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedius

Rectus femoris

Question 23

Popliteus

Answer 23

O: lat condyle of femur and lat meniscus
I: post surface tibia, prox part
A: weak flexor of knee unlocks knee
Inn: tibial

Question 24

Pes anserine muscles

Answer 24

semitendinosus
sartorius
gracilis

Question 25

Anterior leg muscles

Answer 25

tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus peroneus tertius

Question 26

Lateral leg muscles

Answer 26

peroneus longus | peroneus brevis

Question 27

Posterior leg muscles

Answer 27

``` gastrocnemius soleus plantaris popliteus flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus tibialis posterior ```

Question 28

Tibialis anterior

Answer 28

O: lat condyle and lat surface of tibia I: med cuneiform and base of first metatarsal A: dorsiflex and invert foot Inn: deep peroneal

Question 29

Innervation of anterior leg muscles

Answer 29

deep peroneal

Question 30

Innervation of lateral leg muscles

Answer 30

superficial peroneal

Question 31

Innervation of posterior leg muscles

Answer 31

tibial

Question 32

Extensor digitorum longus

Answer 32

O: lat condyle and lat surface of tibia, interosseous membrane I: middle and dist phalanges digits 2-5 A: extend digits 2-5, dorsiflex foot Inn: deep peroneal

Question 33

Extensor hallucis longus

Answer 33

O: ant surface fibula and interosseous membrane I: distal phalanx 1st digit A: extend 1st digit, dorsiflex foot Inn: deep peroneal

Question 34

Peroneus tertius

Answer 34

O: ant surface fibula and interosseous membrane I: 5th metatarsal A: dorsiflex and evert foot Inn: deep peroneal

Question 35

Peroneus longus

Answer 35

O: head and sup 1/2 fibula I: base 1st metatarsal and med cuneiform A: evert and plantar flex foot, help support arch Inn: superficial peroneal

Question 36

Peroneus brevis

Answer 36

O: inf 1/2 fibula I: base 5th metatarsal A: evert and plantar flex foot Inn: superficial peroneal

Question 37

Gastrocnemius

Answer 37

``` O: lat head - lat condyle of femur O: med head - med condyle of femur I: calcaneous bone via achilles tendon A: plantar flex foot, flex knee Inn: tibial ```

Question 38

Soleus

Answer 38

O: post surface fibula and tibia I: calcaneous bone via achilles tendon A: plantar flex foot Inn: tibial

Question 39

Plantaris

Answer 39

O: lat condyle of femur I: calcaneous bone via its own tendon A: weakly assists gastroc to plantar flex foot and flex knee Inn: tibial

Question 40

Flexor hallucis longus

Answer 40

O: post surface of fibula and interosseous membrane I: base dist phalanx 1st digit A: flex 1st digit, plantar flex foot, helps support long. arch of foot Inn: tibial

Question 41

Flexor digitorum longus

Answer 41

O: post surface tibia and via aponeurosis of fibula I: base dist phalanx digits 2-5 A: flex digits 2-5, plantar flex foot, help support long. arch of foot Inn: tibial

Question 42

Tibialis posterior

Answer 42

O: post surfaces tibia and fibula and interosseous membrane I: navicular, cuneiform, and cuboid bones, bases of metatarsals 2-4 A: plantar flex foot, invert foot Inn: tibial