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Ortho > Ddx > Flashcards

Ddx Flashcards

1
Q

cervical sprain/strain

A 
stress, avulsion or other fractures, dislocation
cervical radiculopathy
inflammatory rheumatologic disease
discogenic pain syndrome
spondylosis
hemarthrosis (vascular damage) or hematoma
TOS
malingering
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2
Q

Bell’s palsy

A 
cluster headache
migraine
stroke
aneurysm
subarachnoid hemorrhage
MS
dental caries
TMJ issues
Tumor (compressing trigeminal roots)
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3
Q

benign positional vertigo

A 
Meniere's
migraine
labyrinthitis
stroke
vestibular neuronitis
vertebrogenic
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4
Q

cervical spondylosis

A 
ankylosing spondylitis
cervical sprain strain (acute trauma)
RA
disc herniation
TOS
meningitis
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5
Q

cervical facet syndrome

A 
cervical discogenic syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
cervical sprain/strain
fibromyalgia
myofascial pain syndrome
infection
neoplasm
aneurysm
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6
Q

cervical meniscoid

A 
cervical discogenic pain syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
cervical sprain/strain
cervical spondylosis
Myofascial pain syndrome
fibromyalgia
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7
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A 
peripheral neuropathy (brachial neuritis)
facet syndrome
meniscoid
instability
myofascial pain syndrome
trigger point referral
infection
neoplasm
fracture
cervical myelopathy
CNS lesion
Rotator cuff lesion
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8
Q

concussion

A 
subdural hematomas
epidural hematomas
skull fracture
depression
headache disorder
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9
Q

discogenic pain syndrome

A 
fracture 
cervical radiculopathy or disc herniation
cervical sprain/strain
fibromyalgia
myofascial pain syndrome
neoplasm
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10
Q

cervicogenic headache

A 
other headache
pathologic headache
occipital neuralgia
fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome
TMJ disorder
cervical spine dysfunction
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11
Q

cluster headache

A 
temporal arteritis
pituitary tumors
cervicogenic headache, migraine HA
TMJ syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia
vertebral basilar insufficiency
ocular disorders
brain tumor
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12
Q

migraine headache

A 
temporal arteritis
other headaches
TMJ syndrome
ocular disorers
brain tumor
meningitis
muscle tension headache
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13
Q

causes of pathologic headache

A 
CNS infection - meningitis, encephalitis
neoplasm
subarachnoid hemorrhage
subdural or epidural hematoma
temporal arteritis
glaucoma
stroke, TIA
blunt trauma
brain swelling (high altitudes)
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14
Q

causes of non-pathologic headache

A 
sinus headache
hypertensive headache
neuralgia - trigeminal
TMJ syndrome
caffeine withdrawal
Paget's disease of bone
refractive error
drug side effects
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15
Q

TMJ syndrome

A 
headache
temporal/giant cell arteritis
trigeminal neuralgia
dental infections
parotiditis
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16
Q

torticollis

A

CNS infection - meningitis
tumors
trauma: occipital condyle and odontoid fractures, cervical muscle spasm following MVA
cervical disc disease: subluxation or herniation

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17
Q

TIA

A 
migraine
hypoglycemia
neoplasms
stroke
Bell's palsy
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18
Q

vertebral epiphysitis

A 
local acute back strain
referred pain from viscera
neurofibromatosis
osteoporosis
skeletal dysplasia
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19
Q

costochondritis

A 
MI
muscle strain
rib fracture
rib subluxation
fibromyalgia
GERD
anxiety
lung cancer
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20
Q

postural syndrome

A

TOS
carpal tunnel syndrome
Scheuemann’s disease
cervical sprain/strain

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21
Q

TOS

A 
carpal tunnel syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
vertebral joint dysfunctions
IVF encroachment (DJD/OA)
orthopedic shoulder problems
ulnar nerve compression at elbow
MS
spinal cord tumor/dz
angina pectoris, MI
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22
Q

rib subluxation

A 
rib fracture 
muscle strain
costochondritis
MI
asthma
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23
Q

leg length inequality

A 
structural vs functional
pelvic (SI) joint malposition or subluxation
antalgic posture
scoliosis
avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes
coxa vara, overpronation
poliomyelitis
RA
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24
Q

SI joint syndrome

A 
structural vs functional leg length inequality
antalgic posture
scoliosis
avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes
coxa vara, overpronation
poliomyelitis
RA
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25
Q

lumbar strain/sprain

A

lumbar or SI joint subluxation/dysfunction
lumbar radiculopathy (sciatica, disc herniation)
lumbar OA or instability
fibromyalgia
visceral pain referral
fracture
abdominal aortic aneurysm

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26
Q

lumbar facet syndrome

A 
lumbar strain/sprain
lumbar radiculopathy (sciatica, disc herniation)
lumbar OA or instability (spondy)
fibromyalgia
visceral pain referral
fracture
abdominal aortic aneurysm
ankylosing spondylitis
neoplasm
infection
vertebral canal stenosis
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27
Q

lumbar instability

A

spondylisthesis
strain/sprain
lumbar DJD
lumbar disc herniation

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28
Q

spondylolisthesis

A 
cauda equina syndrome
lumbar disc herniation
lumbar sprain/strain
facet syndrome
lumbar OA/DJD
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29
Q

lumbar disc herniation

A 
cauda equina syndrome
low back sprain/strain, SI syndrome
spondylisthesis or instability
spinal canal stenosis
piriformis syndrome
neoplasm (multiple myeloma)
infection (meningitis)
OA, RA, ankylosing spondylitis
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30
Q

lumbar stenosis

A 
vascular claudication
cauda equina syndrome
ankylosing spondylitis
diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
neoplasm
infection
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31
Q

cauda equina syndrome

A 
neoplasm 
ALS
diabetic neuropathy
MS
spinal cord infection
peripheral nerve lesion
spinal stenosis
vascular claudication
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32
Q

lumbar DJD

A 
ankylosing spondylitis
psoriatic arthrosis
fracture
lumbar strain/sprain
fibromyalgia
neoplasm
infection
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33
Q

scapulocostal syndrome

A 
cervical radicular pain
TOS
rotator cuff or labral tear, GH instability
long thoracic nerve damage
rib subluxation
myosfascial pain syndrome or fibro
visceral pain referral
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34
Q

rotator cuff strain

A 
supraspinatus rupture
impingement syndrome
GH ligament laxity or instability
labral tear
biceps strain/tendinopathy
chest or abdomen referral
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35
Q

subscapularis tendinopathy

A 
other rotator cuff tear
adhesive capsulitis
labral tear
impingement
instability
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36
Q

supraspinatus tendinopathy

A 
other rotator cuff tear
adhesive capsulitis
labral tear
impingement
instability
calcific tendinopathy
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37
Q

impingement syndrome

A 
similar to other pathologies that may co-exist
biceps tendonitis, rotator cuff injuries
adhesive capsulitis
AC joint pathology
glenoid labral tear
subacromial bursitis
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38
Q

bicipital tendinopathy

A 
glenoid labral tear
impingement syndrome
rotator cuff tear
GH instability
inflam. arthropathy
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39
Q

calcific tendinopathy

A

frozen shoulder
impingement syndrome
rotator cuff tear
biceps tendinopathy

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40
Q

AC sprain

A

usually very obvious diagnosis

rule out adhesive capsulitis, dislocation, rotator cuff tear, pain referral from cardiac, pulmonary or GI

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41
Q

adhesive capsulitis

A 
rotator cuff or labral tear
GH osteoarthritis
brachial neuritis
cervical radiculopathy
complex regional pain syndrome
thoracic outlet syndrome
calcific tendonitis
impingement syndrome
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42
Q

GH instability

A 
glenoid labral tear, GH OA
biceps tendinopathy
rotator cuff tendinopathy or strain
shoulder impingement
subacromial bursitis
(any of these may co-exist)
43
Q

glenoid labral tear

A 
similar to other pathologies that may co-exist
biceps tendonitis
rotator cuff injuries
adhesive capsulitis
soulder impingement or sprain
AC joint pathology
subacromial bursitis
44
Q

GH arthritis

A 
adhesive capsulitis
GH instability
supraspinatus tear
labral tear or rotator cuff tendinopathy
cervical radiculopathy
45
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A 
elbow arthritis or fractures
cervical radiculopathy pain referral
rotator cuff conditions
radial nerve compression at elbow
fibromyalgia
46
Q

medial epicondylitis

A 
avulsion fracture, arthritis
ulnar collateral ligament injury
cervical radiculopathy or ulnar neuropathy
osteochondritis dissecans
TOS
47
Q

radial head subluxation

A

fracture (elbow or wrist)
elbow sprain
congenital

48
Q

olecranon bursitis

A

infectious bursitis
RA, gout, pseudogout
triceps tendinopathy
traumatic or stress fracture of olecranon

49
Q

elbow osteochondritis dessicans

A 
ulnar collateral ligament sprain (may co-exist)
lateral or medial epicondylitis
medial condylar fractuer
chondrocalcinosis
multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
50
Q

cubital tunnel syndrome

A 
ulnar nerve contusion
TOS, cervical radiculopathy
Dupuytrens contracture
medial epicondylitis
ulnar neuropathy at wrist
51
Q

elbow sprain (UCL)

A 
medial epicondylitis
cubital tunnel syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
flexor/pronator muscle strain
medial condylar fracture
52
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A 
pronator teres syndrome
ulnar or radial neuropathy
raynaud's phenomenon
cervical radiculopathy
brachial plexus lesion or TOS
trigger point referral pattern may mimic
cervical spine subluxation
transietn cerebral ischemia
53
Q

carpal instability

A 
hand or wrist fracture
RA or OA
carpal tunnel syndrome
triangular fibrocartilage tear
ganglion cyst
54
Q

wrist sprain

A 
fracture of carpals (scaphoid), radius or ulna
carpal instability
carpal tunnel syndrome
de quervain's
ganglion cyst
kienbock disease, AVN
nerve entrapment (median or ulnar)
RA
55
Q

De Quervain’s

A 
RA, OA
cervical radiculopathy (C5 or C6)
carpal tunnel syndrome
ganglion cyst
scaphoid fracture
Keinbock disease (lunate osteonecrosis)
56
Q

game keeper’s thumb/UCL rupture/sprain

A

MCP joint dislocation
phalangeal fractures
congenital 1st MCP hypermobility
torn radial collateral ligament of thumb (rare)

57
Q

scaphoid fracture

A

other wrist fractures: radius, lunate, metacarpal
lunate dislocation (may co-exist)
arthritis or wrist sprain

58
Q

lunate dislocation

A

scaphoid fracture (may co-exist)
triangular fibrocartilage tear
ganglion cyst

59
Q

triangular fibrocartilage tear

A

fracture: carpal, ulnar styloid, metacarpal base
carpal instability or dislocation
ulnar nerve entrapment at tunnel of guyon
extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris pathologies

60
Q

ganglion cyst

A 
infection
tenosynovitis
sarcoma (Rare)
lunate or other carpal dislocation
lipoma
RA, OA
61
Q

piriformis syndrome

A 
lumbar radiculopathy, disc herniation
SI injury or subluxation
hamstring strain
lumbar facet syndrome, spondylolisthesis
lumbosacral strain/sprain
62
Q

groin strain

A 
hernia
avulsion fracture, osteitis pubis
iliopsoas bursitis
hip OA, labral tear, septic arthritis
avascular necrosis
Legg-Calve-Perthes, SCFE
obturator neuropathy
low back or GI pain referral
63
Q

hamstring strain

A

usually obvious
sciatic nerve compression (piriformis syndrome)
avulsion fracture of ischial tuberosity
lumbar facet syndrome, SI joint pain referral
trochanteric or ischial gluteal bursitis
hamstring myofascial trigger points
lumbar radiculopathy

64
Q

hip bursitis

A 
OA of hip
lumbar radiculopathy (herniation, DJD)
iliopsoas tendonitis or muscle strain
septic arthritis or bursa infection
meralgia paresthetica
ITB syndrome
65
Q

hip OA

A 
transient hip synovitis
septic arthritis
visceral pain referral from abdomen
iliopsoas strain or bursitis
trochanteric bursitis
gout, RA
66
Q

hip avascular necrosis

A

OA, RA, septic arthritis
hip synovitis/capsulitis, groin strain, hip bursitis
neoplasm
pain referral (pyelonephritis, renal colic, regional ileitis, appendicitis, salpingitis)

67
Q

Legg-Calve-Perthes

A

septic arthritis
transient synovitis
sickle cell anemia, hemophilia
congenital hip dysplasia

68
Q

myositis ossificans

A

osteosarcoma (diff to differentiate from myositis)
hereditary fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva
osteomyelitis

69
Q

septic arthritis of hip

A

transient synovitis
local sprain, strain or fracture
RA, SLE, OA
benign or metastatic cancer
SCFE, avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes
pain referral from low back or abdominal viscera

70
Q

SCFE

A 
avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes
muscle strain/groin pull/hip sprain
septic arthritis, juvenile RA
transient synovitis of hip
knee injury (SCFE may refer to knee)
coxa vara/valga or congenital hip dysplasia
71
Q

snapping hip syndrome

A 
local bursitis
hip arthritis
adductor strain
tendinopathy (iliopsoas, TFL, glut max)
hip instability or subluxation, hip dysplasia
labral tear, osteochondritis dessicans
72
Q

transient hip synovitis

A 
septic arthritis
avascular necrosis of femoral head
SCFE
juvenile RA
osteomyelitis
femoral neck fracture
referred hip pain from pelvic region
hip sprain/strain
73
Q

acetabular labral tear

A 
avascular necrosis or hip DJD
groin (adductor) strain
fracture if significant trauma
inguinal or femoral hernia
kidney stone pain referral, testicular pathology
74
Q

inguinal and femoral hernia

A

testicular pathology: epididymitis, hydrocele, testicular torsion
hip joint pathology
tumor
kidney stone or GU pathology referral

75
Q

congenital hip dysplasia

A

subluxable hip, congenital coxa vara
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
septic arthritis, traumatic hemarthrosis
cerebral palsy

76
Q

coxa vara

A

congenital: chondrodysplasia, Gaucher’s disease
acquired: avascular necrosis, SCFE, rickets, osteomalacia, osteomyelitis or septic arthritis of hip
traumatic: Paget’s disease

77
Q

coxa valga

A

neuromuscular: cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis
skeletal dysplasias
juvenile idiopathic arthritis

78
Q

ACL sprain/tear

A

fracture
patellar or knee dislocation
meniscus or collateral ligament tear

79
Q

PCL sprain/tear

A 
fracture
patellar dislocation or patellofemoral syndrome
ACL or MCL sprain
meniscal tear, osteochondritis dessicans
OA or knee infection
knee dislocation
compartment syndrome
80
Q

MCL sprain

A

avulsion or tibial plateau fracture
patellar subluxation or dislocation
meniscus or ACL damage

81
Q

LCL sprain

A 
iliotibial band syndrome
meniscal tear
biceps femoris tendinopathy
tibial plateau or fibular head fracture
ACL sprain/tear
82
Q

meniscus tear

A 
knee DJD or osteoarthritis
osteochondritis dissecans
ACL, PCL, MCL or LCL injury
patellofemoral syndrome
ITB syndrome
83
Q

chondromalacia patella

A 
patellar tendonitis, prepatellar bursitis
osteoarthritis
osgood-Schlatter disease
osteochondritis dessicans
meniscal tear
84
Q

genu varum

A

normal developmental
infantile tibia vara - depressed growth of medial aspect of proximal tibial epiphyseal cartilage
rickets

85
Q

genu valgum

A

normal developmental
rickets/osteomalacia
pseudoachondroplasia

86
Q

jumper’s knee/patellar tendinopathy

A

osgood schlatter’s
chondromalacia patellae
osteochondritis dessicans
meniscal tear

87
Q

ITB tendinopathy

A 
biceps femoris tendinopathy
LCL sprain (or MCL, ACL, PCL)
lateral meniscal injury
osteoarthorsis
chondromalacia patella
trochanteric bursitis
88
Q

knee bursitis

A 
infection
MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL sprain
muscle strain (hamstrings, gastroc, quads)
OA
stress fracture
patellofemoral syndrome
meniscal tear
osteochondritis dessicans
osgood-schlatter
fibromyalgia
89
Q

osteochondritis dessicans

A 
stress fracture
osteonecrosis
meniscus tear
OA
neoplasm (osteosarcoma)
90
Q

osgood schlatter’s

A 
SCFE
osteochondritis dissecans
patellofemoral joint syndrome
legg-calve-perthes
osteomyelitis
91
Q

patellar dislocation

A 
ACL, MCL, LCL sprain (may coexist)
fracture of patella or subchondral fracture
meniscal tear
knee instability
jumper's knee (patellar tendinopathy)
chondromalacia patella
quadriceps tendon rupture
osgood-schlatter's in adolescents
92
Q

inversion ankle sprain

A

fracture: avulsion, med or lat maleolli
syndesmotic ankle sprain
tendonitis: achilles, peronei
osteochondritis dessicans of talus

93
Q

eversion ankle sprain

A

fracture: avulsion, med or lat maleolli
syndesmotic ankle sprain
tendonitis: achilles, peronei
osteochondritis dessicans of talus

94
Q

shin splints

A 
tibial stress fracture
chronic exertional compartment syndrome
tendonitis or muscle strain
muscle herniation or bruising
lumbar radiculopathy
fascial defect
deep vein thrombosis
intermittent claudication
95
Q

compartment syndrome

A 
intermittent claudication
DVT
lumbosacral radiculopathy
tenosynovitis or muscle strain
tibial stress fracture
medial tibial stress syndrome
peripheral nerve entrapment
tumor (rare)
96
Q

tibial stress fracture

A 
shin splints
exertional compartment syndrome
muscle strain
bone neoplasm
peroneal nerve injury
97
Q

gastroc strain

A 
DVT
compartment syndrome
achilles tendon rupture
lumbar radiculopathy
Baker's cyst
98
Q

thrombophlebitis or DVT

A 
gastroc strain
achilles tendonitis, arthritis, stress fracture
varicose veins
cellulitis or lymphangitis
Baker's cyst
99
Q

varicose veins

A 
DVT
lymphedema
cellulitis
chronic thigh or calf strain
diabetic neuropathy
100
Q

achilles tendon and rupture

A 
retrocalcaneal bursitis
tibialis posterior tendonitis
tibial stress fracture
medial gastroc tear
Sever's disease
syndesmotic ankle sprain
inflammatory arthropathy (reactive arthritis)
101
Q

metatarsalgia

A

morton’s neuroma
metatarsal stress fracture
avascular necorsis of metatarsal head
RA or gout

102
Q

morton’s neuroma

A

metatarsal stress fracture
MTP synovitis
arthritis
metatarsalgia

103
Q

metatarsal stress fracture

A

metatarsalgia
morton’s neuroma
traumatic fracture

104
Q

plantar fascitis

A

achilles tendonitis, retrocalcaneal bursitis
lumbar radiculopathy (L5, S1)
tarsal tunnel syndrome
Morton’s neuroma
calcaneal or other tarsal stress fracture

Ortho (13 decks)

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