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Ddx Flashcards

1
Q

cervical sprain/strain

A 
stress, avulsion or other fractures, dislocation
cervical radiculopathy
inflammatory rheumatologic disease
discogenic pain syndrome
spondylosis
hemarthrosis (vascular damage) or hematoma
TOS
malingering
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2
Q

Bell’s palsy

A 
cluster headache
migraine
stroke
aneurysm
subarachnoid hemorrhage
MS
dental caries
TMJ issues
Tumor (compressing trigeminal roots)
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3
Q

benign positional vertigo

A 
Meniere's
migraine
labyrinthitis
stroke
vestibular neuronitis
vertebrogenic
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4
Q

cervical spondylosis

A 
ankylosing spondylitis
cervical sprain strain (acute trauma)
RA
disc herniation
TOS
meningitis
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5
Q

cervical facet syndrome

A 
cervical discogenic syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
cervical sprain/strain
fibromyalgia
myofascial pain syndrome
infection
neoplasm
aneurysm
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6
Q

cervical meniscoid

A 
cervical discogenic pain syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
cervical sprain/strain
cervical spondylosis
Myofascial pain syndrome
fibromyalgia
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7
Q

cervical radiculopathy

A 
peripheral neuropathy (brachial neuritis)
facet syndrome
meniscoid
instability
myofascial pain syndrome
trigger point referral
infection
neoplasm
fracture
cervical myelopathy
CNS lesion
Rotator cuff lesion
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8
Q

concussion

A 
subdural hematomas
epidural hematomas
skull fracture
depression
headache disorder
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9
Q

discogenic pain syndrome

A 
fracture 
cervical radiculopathy or disc herniation
cervical sprain/strain
fibromyalgia
myofascial pain syndrome
neoplasm
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10
Q

cervicogenic headache

A 
other headache
pathologic headache
occipital neuralgia
fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome
TMJ disorder
cervical spine dysfunction
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11
Q

cluster headache

A 
temporal arteritis
pituitary tumors
cervicogenic headache, migraine HA
TMJ syndrome, trigeminal neuralgia
vertebral basilar insufficiency
ocular disorders
brain tumor
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12
Q

migraine headache

A 
temporal arteritis
other headaches
TMJ syndrome
ocular disorers
brain tumor
meningitis
muscle tension headache
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13
Q

causes of pathologic headache

A 
CNS infection - meningitis, encephalitis
neoplasm
subarachnoid hemorrhage
subdural or epidural hematoma
temporal arteritis
glaucoma
stroke, TIA
blunt trauma
brain swelling (high altitudes)
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14
Q

causes of non-pathologic headache

A 
sinus headache
hypertensive headache
neuralgia - trigeminal
TMJ syndrome
caffeine withdrawal
Paget's disease of bone
refractive error
drug side effects
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15
Q

TMJ syndrome

A 
headache
temporal/giant cell arteritis
trigeminal neuralgia
dental infections
parotiditis
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16
Q

torticollis

A

CNS infection - meningitis
tumors
trauma: occipital condyle and odontoid fractures, cervical muscle spasm following MVA
cervical disc disease: subluxation or herniation

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17
Q

TIA

A 
migraine
hypoglycemia
neoplasms
stroke
Bell's palsy
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18
Q

vertebral epiphysitis

A 
local acute back strain
referred pain from viscera
neurofibromatosis
osteoporosis
skeletal dysplasia
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19
Q

costochondritis

A 
MI
muscle strain
rib fracture
rib subluxation
fibromyalgia
GERD
anxiety
lung cancer
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20
Q

postural syndrome

A

TOS
carpal tunnel syndrome
Scheuemann’s disease
cervical sprain/strain

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21
Q

TOS

A 
carpal tunnel syndrome
cervical radiculopathy
vertebral joint dysfunctions
IVF encroachment (DJD/OA)
orthopedic shoulder problems
ulnar nerve compression at elbow
MS
spinal cord tumor/dz
angina pectoris, MI
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22
Q

rib subluxation

A 
rib fracture 
muscle strain
costochondritis
MI
asthma
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23
Q

leg length inequality

A 
structural vs functional
pelvic (SI) joint malposition or subluxation
antalgic posture
scoliosis
avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes
coxa vara, overpronation
poliomyelitis
RA
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24
Q

SI joint syndrome

A 
structural vs functional leg length inequality
antalgic posture
scoliosis
avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes
coxa vara, overpronation
poliomyelitis
RA
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25
lumbar strain/sprain
lumbar or SI joint subluxation/dysfunction lumbar radiculopathy (sciatica, disc herniation) lumbar OA or instability fibromyalgia visceral pain referral fracture abdominal aortic aneurysm
26
lumbar facet syndrome
``` lumbar strain/sprain lumbar radiculopathy (sciatica, disc herniation) lumbar OA or instability (spondy) fibromyalgia visceral pain referral fracture abdominal aortic aneurysm ankylosing spondylitis neoplasm infection vertebral canal stenosis ```
27
lumbar instability
spondylisthesis strain/sprain lumbar DJD lumbar disc herniation
28
spondylolisthesis
``` cauda equina syndrome lumbar disc herniation lumbar sprain/strain facet syndrome lumbar OA/DJD ```
29
lumbar disc herniation
``` cauda equina syndrome low back sprain/strain, SI syndrome spondylisthesis or instability spinal canal stenosis piriformis syndrome neoplasm (multiple myeloma) infection (meningitis) OA, RA, ankylosing spondylitis ```
30
lumbar stenosis
``` vascular claudication cauda equina syndrome ankylosing spondylitis diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis neoplasm infection ```
31
cauda equina syndrome
``` neoplasm ALS diabetic neuropathy MS spinal cord infection peripheral nerve lesion spinal stenosis vascular claudication ```
32
lumbar DJD
``` ankylosing spondylitis psoriatic arthrosis fracture lumbar strain/sprain fibromyalgia neoplasm infection ```
33
scapulocostal syndrome
``` cervical radicular pain TOS rotator cuff or labral tear, GH instability long thoracic nerve damage rib subluxation myosfascial pain syndrome or fibro visceral pain referral ```
34
rotator cuff strain
``` supraspinatus rupture impingement syndrome GH ligament laxity or instability labral tear biceps strain/tendinopathy chest or abdomen referral ```
35
subscapularis tendinopathy
``` other rotator cuff tear adhesive capsulitis labral tear impingement instability ```
36
supraspinatus tendinopathy
``` other rotator cuff tear adhesive capsulitis labral tear impingement instability calcific tendinopathy ```
37
impingement syndrome
``` similar to other pathologies that may co-exist biceps tendonitis, rotator cuff injuries adhesive capsulitis AC joint pathology glenoid labral tear subacromial bursitis ```
38
bicipital tendinopathy
``` glenoid labral tear impingement syndrome rotator cuff tear GH instability inflam. arthropathy ```
39
calcific tendinopathy
frozen shoulder impingement syndrome rotator cuff tear biceps tendinopathy
40
AC sprain
usually very obvious diagnosis | rule out adhesive capsulitis, dislocation, rotator cuff tear, pain referral from cardiac, pulmonary or GI
41
adhesive capsulitis
``` rotator cuff or labral tear GH osteoarthritis brachial neuritis cervical radiculopathy complex regional pain syndrome thoracic outlet syndrome calcific tendonitis impingement syndrome ```
42
GH instability
``` glenoid labral tear, GH OA biceps tendinopathy rotator cuff tendinopathy or strain shoulder impingement subacromial bursitis (any of these may co-exist) ```
43
glenoid labral tear
``` similar to other pathologies that may co-exist biceps tendonitis rotator cuff injuries adhesive capsulitis soulder impingement or sprain AC joint pathology subacromial bursitis ```
44
GH arthritis
``` adhesive capsulitis GH instability supraspinatus tear labral tear or rotator cuff tendinopathy cervical radiculopathy ```
45
lateral epicondylitis
``` elbow arthritis or fractures cervical radiculopathy pain referral rotator cuff conditions radial nerve compression at elbow fibromyalgia ```
46
medial epicondylitis
``` avulsion fracture, arthritis ulnar collateral ligament injury cervical radiculopathy or ulnar neuropathy osteochondritis dissecans TOS ```
47
radial head subluxation
fracture (elbow or wrist) elbow sprain congenital
48
olecranon bursitis
infectious bursitis RA, gout, pseudogout triceps tendinopathy traumatic or stress fracture of olecranon
49
elbow osteochondritis dessicans
``` ulnar collateral ligament sprain (may co-exist) lateral or medial epicondylitis medial condylar fractuer chondrocalcinosis multiple epiphyseal dysplasia ```
50
cubital tunnel syndrome
``` ulnar nerve contusion TOS, cervical radiculopathy Dupuytrens contracture medial epicondylitis ulnar neuropathy at wrist ```
51
elbow sprain (UCL)
``` medial epicondylitis cubital tunnel syndrome cervical radiculopathy flexor/pronator muscle strain medial condylar fracture ```
52
carpal tunnel syndrome
``` pronator teres syndrome ulnar or radial neuropathy raynaud's phenomenon cervical radiculopathy brachial plexus lesion or TOS trigger point referral pattern may mimic cervical spine subluxation transietn cerebral ischemia ```
53
carpal instability
``` hand or wrist fracture RA or OA carpal tunnel syndrome triangular fibrocartilage tear ganglion cyst ```
54
wrist sprain
``` fracture of carpals (scaphoid), radius or ulna carpal instability carpal tunnel syndrome de quervain's ganglion cyst kienbock disease, AVN nerve entrapment (median or ulnar) RA ```
55
De Quervain's
``` RA, OA cervical radiculopathy (C5 or C6) carpal tunnel syndrome ganglion cyst scaphoid fracture Keinbock disease (lunate osteonecrosis) ```
56
game keeper's thumb/UCL rupture/sprain
MCP joint dislocation phalangeal fractures congenital 1st MCP hypermobility torn radial collateral ligament of thumb (rare)
57
scaphoid fracture
other wrist fractures: radius, lunate, metacarpal lunate dislocation (may co-exist) arthritis or wrist sprain
58
lunate dislocation
scaphoid fracture (may co-exist) triangular fibrocartilage tear ganglion cyst
59
triangular fibrocartilage tear
fracture: carpal, ulnar styloid, metacarpal base carpal instability or dislocation ulnar nerve entrapment at tunnel of guyon extensor and flexor carpi ulnaris pathologies
60
ganglion cyst
``` infection tenosynovitis sarcoma (Rare) lunate or other carpal dislocation lipoma RA, OA ```
61
piriformis syndrome
``` lumbar radiculopathy, disc herniation SI injury or subluxation hamstring strain lumbar facet syndrome, spondylolisthesis lumbosacral strain/sprain ```
62
groin strain
``` hernia avulsion fracture, osteitis pubis iliopsoas bursitis hip OA, labral tear, septic arthritis avascular necrosis Legg-Calve-Perthes, SCFE obturator neuropathy low back or GI pain referral ```
63
hamstring strain
usually obvious sciatic nerve compression (piriformis syndrome) avulsion fracture of ischial tuberosity lumbar facet syndrome, SI joint pain referral trochanteric or ischial gluteal bursitis hamstring myofascial trigger points lumbar radiculopathy
64
hip bursitis
``` OA of hip lumbar radiculopathy (herniation, DJD) iliopsoas tendonitis or muscle strain septic arthritis or bursa infection meralgia paresthetica ITB syndrome ```
65
hip OA
``` transient hip synovitis septic arthritis visceral pain referral from abdomen iliopsoas strain or bursitis trochanteric bursitis gout, RA ```
66
hip avascular necrosis
OA, RA, septic arthritis hip synovitis/capsulitis, groin strain, hip bursitis neoplasm pain referral (pyelonephritis, renal colic, regional ileitis, appendicitis, salpingitis)
67
Legg-Calve-Perthes
septic arthritis transient synovitis sickle cell anemia, hemophilia congenital hip dysplasia
68
myositis ossificans
osteosarcoma (diff to differentiate from myositis) hereditary fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva osteomyelitis
69
septic arthritis of hip
transient synovitis local sprain, strain or fracture RA, SLE, OA benign or metastatic cancer SCFE, avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes pain referral from low back or abdominal viscera
70
SCFE
``` avascular necrosis, Legg-Calve-Perthes muscle strain/groin pull/hip sprain septic arthritis, juvenile RA transient synovitis of hip knee injury (SCFE may refer to knee) coxa vara/valga or congenital hip dysplasia ```
71
snapping hip syndrome
``` local bursitis hip arthritis adductor strain tendinopathy (iliopsoas, TFL, glut max) hip instability or subluxation, hip dysplasia labral tear, osteochondritis dessicans ```
72
transient hip synovitis
``` septic arthritis avascular necrosis of femoral head SCFE juvenile RA osteomyelitis femoral neck fracture referred hip pain from pelvic region hip sprain/strain ```
73
acetabular labral tear
``` avascular necrosis or hip DJD groin (adductor) strain fracture if significant trauma inguinal or femoral hernia kidney stone pain referral, testicular pathology ```
74
inguinal and femoral hernia
testicular pathology: epididymitis, hydrocele, testicular torsion hip joint pathology tumor kidney stone or GU pathology referral
75
congenital hip dysplasia
subluxable hip, congenital coxa vara Ehlers-Danlos syndrome septic arthritis, traumatic hemarthrosis cerebral palsy
76
coxa vara
congenital: chondrodysplasia, Gaucher's disease acquired: avascular necrosis, SCFE, rickets, osteomalacia, osteomyelitis or septic arthritis of hip traumatic: Paget's disease
77
coxa valga
neuromuscular: cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis skeletal dysplasias juvenile idiopathic arthritis
78
ACL sprain/tear
fracture patellar or knee dislocation meniscus or collateral ligament tear
79
PCL sprain/tear
``` fracture patellar dislocation or patellofemoral syndrome ACL or MCL sprain meniscal tear, osteochondritis dessicans OA or knee infection knee dislocation compartment syndrome ```
80
MCL sprain
avulsion or tibial plateau fracture patellar subluxation or dislocation meniscus or ACL damage
81
LCL sprain
``` iliotibial band syndrome meniscal tear biceps femoris tendinopathy tibial plateau or fibular head fracture ACL sprain/tear ```
82
meniscus tear
``` knee DJD or osteoarthritis osteochondritis dissecans ACL, PCL, MCL or LCL injury patellofemoral syndrome ITB syndrome ```
83
chondromalacia patella
``` patellar tendonitis, prepatellar bursitis osteoarthritis osgood-Schlatter disease osteochondritis dessicans meniscal tear ```
84
genu varum
normal developmental infantile tibia vara - depressed growth of medial aspect of proximal tibial epiphyseal cartilage rickets
85
genu valgum
normal developmental rickets/osteomalacia pseudoachondroplasia
86
jumper's knee/patellar tendinopathy
osgood schlatter's chondromalacia patellae osteochondritis dessicans meniscal tear
87
ITB tendinopathy
``` biceps femoris tendinopathy LCL sprain (or MCL, ACL, PCL) lateral meniscal injury osteoarthorsis chondromalacia patella trochanteric bursitis ```
88
knee bursitis
``` infection MCL, LCL, ACL, PCL sprain muscle strain (hamstrings, gastroc, quads) OA stress fracture patellofemoral syndrome meniscal tear osteochondritis dessicans osgood-schlatter fibromyalgia ```
89
osteochondritis dessicans
``` stress fracture osteonecrosis meniscus tear OA neoplasm (osteosarcoma) ```
90
osgood schlatter's
``` SCFE osteochondritis dissecans patellofemoral joint syndrome legg-calve-perthes osteomyelitis ```
91
patellar dislocation
``` ACL, MCL, LCL sprain (may coexist) fracture of patella or subchondral fracture meniscal tear knee instability jumper's knee (patellar tendinopathy) chondromalacia patella quadriceps tendon rupture osgood-schlatter's in adolescents ```
92
inversion ankle sprain
fracture: avulsion, med or lat maleolli syndesmotic ankle sprain tendonitis: achilles, peronei osteochondritis dessicans of talus
93
eversion ankle sprain
fracture: avulsion, med or lat maleolli syndesmotic ankle sprain tendonitis: achilles, peronei osteochondritis dessicans of talus
94
shin splints
``` tibial stress fracture chronic exertional compartment syndrome tendonitis or muscle strain muscle herniation or bruising lumbar radiculopathy fascial defect deep vein thrombosis intermittent claudication ```
95
compartment syndrome
``` intermittent claudication DVT lumbosacral radiculopathy tenosynovitis or muscle strain tibial stress fracture medial tibial stress syndrome peripheral nerve entrapment tumor (rare) ```
96
tibial stress fracture
``` shin splints exertional compartment syndrome muscle strain bone neoplasm peroneal nerve injury ```
97
gastroc strain
``` DVT compartment syndrome achilles tendon rupture lumbar radiculopathy Baker's cyst ```
98
thrombophlebitis or DVT
``` gastroc strain achilles tendonitis, arthritis, stress fracture varicose veins cellulitis or lymphangitis Baker's cyst ```
99
varicose veins
``` DVT lymphedema cellulitis chronic thigh or calf strain diabetic neuropathy ```
100
achilles tendon and rupture
``` retrocalcaneal bursitis tibialis posterior tendonitis tibial stress fracture medial gastroc tear Sever's disease syndesmotic ankle sprain inflammatory arthropathy (reactive arthritis) ```
101
metatarsalgia
morton's neuroma metatarsal stress fracture avascular necorsis of metatarsal head RA or gout
102
morton's neuroma
metatarsal stress fracture MTP synovitis arthritis metatarsalgia
103
metatarsal stress fracture
metatarsalgia morton's neuroma traumatic fracture
104
plantar fascitis
achilles tendonitis, retrocalcaneal bursitis lumbar radiculopathy (L5, S1) tarsal tunnel syndrome Morton's neuroma calcaneal or other tarsal stress fracture

Ortho (13 decks)

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