Vertebral Column Flashcards
occurs where the first sacral body may form as a separate bone, resulting in 6 lumbar vertebrae
Lumbarization
the last lumbar vertebra may be partly or completely fused with the first sacral segment
Sacralization
the lower part of the sacrum may fail to develop, if so, the coccyx will also be absent
Absence of Sacrum
a defect maybe present between the superior and inferior articular processes of a vertebra
Inter-articular defect
maybe the right or left half of a vertebra maybe absent or maybe one half may fuse with vertebrae above or below
Hemivertebrae or Butterfly Vertebrae
this defect usually occurs at L5
Inter-articular defect
it occurs usually between L5-S1
Spina Bifida
two or more vertebrae may be united forming one bone with no joint between
Fusion of Vertebrae or Bamboo Spine
the vertebral arch will incomplete with gap in midline and spinal cord may bulge or herniated out through defect resulting in swelling in the midline posteriorly
Meningocele
have small somewhat oblong bodies with their spinous process may be forked or double or bifid to crafle
Cervical vertebrae
has no body but has a ring of bone with hallow center, an anterior and posterior arches and 2 lateral masses
the 1st cervical vertebra or C1 or Atlas
has a process shaped like a large tooth
the 2nd cervical vertebra or C2 or Axis or Epistropheus
axis that projecting upward from its body that fits into the anterior arch of the atlas
Odontoid Process / Dens Odontoid
has a long spinous process which extends back beyond the spinous process
Seventh Cervical Vertebra or Vertebra Prominens
the body is somewhat heart-shaped
Thoracic vertebrae ( dorsal vertebrae )
has two small articulating surfaces or also called what?
Costal facets
they have a larger body than the cervical vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae
Thoracic Vertebrae is also called
Dorsal Vertebrae
sometimes thoracic vertebrae referred to as _____ because of their small size
costal demi-facets
the vertebral foramen is ____ or ____
oval or round
the spinous process is long with ____ ??
sharp downward hook
have massive block-like bodies and short, thick almost sqaure
Lumbar Vertebrae
the superior articular facet face ______ then the inferior ones are directed _______
posteromedially
anterolaterally
the spinal cords ends in what edge
superior edge of L2
the outer covering of the cord is filled with (CSF)
Cerebrospinal Fluid
the cervical vertebrae form a forward cure
Lordotic Curve
the thoracic vertebrae form a curve backward
Kyphotic Curve
the lumbar vertebrae form a forward curve like the cervical
Lordosis Curve
an exaggerated thoracic curve
Kyphosis or Hunchback
an exaggerated lumbar curve
Lordosis or Swayback
an appreciable lateral deviation of a normal alignment of vertrbral
Scoliosis
the combined lateral (scoliosis) and posterior (kyphosis) curvature of the spine
Scoliokyphosis or Kyphoscoliosis
is the solid anterior part shaped like cylinder
Body of vertebrae / Centrum
are thick rounded extensions passing back
Pedicles or Root
are two flattened plates bone
two laminae or plates
is the opening behind the body , enclosed by the arch
Vertebral Foramen
are formed by the curved upper and lower border of the pedicles
vertebral notches
similar curve in vertebral notches
intervertebral foramen
are two bones, one on each side, extending laterally from the junction of the pedicle and lamina
Transverse Processes (2)
projects upward towards the head
superior articular processes (2)
projects downward from the bases
inferior articular processes (2)
extend posteriorly or back from the posterior border of the vertebral arch
Spinous process
this corresponds as an imaginary line that represents the neck of the scatty dog
pars intraarticularis
