PHARYNX - digestive system Flashcards
a common passageway for food fluid and air
Pharynx or Throat
the pharynx is subdivided anatomically into three parts
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
behind the nasal cavity
Nasopharynx
behind the oral cavity extending from the soft palate to the epiglottis
Oropharynx
extending from the epiglottis to the base of the larynx
Laryngopharynx
consist of largely of two layers of skeletal muscles: an inner layer and outer layer
Wall of the Pharynx
The Pharynx is also called
Throat
Esophagus is also called
Gullet
extends from the pharynx through the diaphragm to the gastro-esophageal sphincter in the superior aspect of the stomach
Esophagus or Gullet
it is essentially a food passageway that conduct food to the stomach in wavelike peristaltic motion
Esophagus or Gullet
has no digestive or absorptive function
Esophagus
a slightly thickening of the smooth muscle layer at the esophago-gastric junction
Gastroesophageal Sphincter
is a pear - shaped organ situated between the end of the esophagus and the begining of the small intestine
Stomach
when the stomach is empty it is collapsed except for the upper part which usually contains air called
Magenblase
is a stomach bubble which is represented by a dark area above the upper part of the stomach
Magenblase
is the area surrounding the cardiac orifice through which food enters the stomach
Cardiac part or Cardia
is a dome-shaped portion of the stomach found superiorly laterally tor he cardia
Fundus
forms the mid portion of the stomach
Body (stomach)
leads to the funnel-shaped
Pyloric Part
the wide superior area of the pyloric part is called ___ , it narrows to form ___ which terminates in the ___ the pylorus is continuous with the small intestine through
Pyloric Antrum
Pyloric Canal
pylorus
Pyloric sphincter or valve
is a thickened ring of involuntary muscle encircling an opening in a hallow organ to keep the opening closed
Sphincter
is on the medial border close to the upper end of the stomach where esophagus and stomach meet
Cardiac Orifice
the cardiac opening has sphincter called
Cardiac sphincter
is at the lower end of the stomach where the small bowel or small intestine continuous from opening
Pyloric Orifice
pyloric orifice has a sphincter called
Pyloric Sphincter
controls food movement into the small intestines from the stomach and prevents the S.I. being overwhelmed
Pyloric Sphincter
the concave medial surface of the stomach, which is shorter, concave right border
Lesser Curvature
the convex lateral surface which is the longer, convex left border
Greater Curvature
extending from these curvatures are two mesenteries called
omenta / omentum
extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach
Lesser omentum
a saclike mesentery, extends from the greater curvature of the stomach
Greater omentum
is the sharp bend on the lesser curvature below its midpoint
Incisura Angularis
a lining membrane which forms a longitudinal fold that partly disappear when the stomach is full
Rugae
is a convoluted tube 6-7 m (about 20 feet) long in a cadaver but only about 2 m 6(feet) long during life because of its muscle tone
Small Intestine
it extends from the pyloric sphincter to the ileocecal valve.
Small Intestine
the small intestine is suspended by a double layer of peritoneum the fan-shaped
Mesentery
is the first 25 cm (10 inches) of the small intestines which form a double loop.
Duodenum
it extends from the pyloric sphincter and cure around the head of the pancreas
Duodenum
is the first part of the duodenum
Superior Duodenum
passes downward to the right CBD
Desceding Duodenum
passes to the left across the midline
Transverse Duodenum
passes up behind the stomach to join jejunum
Ascending Duodenum
lies in this curve of the duodenum and approximately 7.5cm to pylorus
Head of Pancreas
which bile and pancreatic juice enter the duodenum
Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla
continuous with the duodenum extends for 2.5m (about 8 feet) long and occupies the umbilical region of the abdominal cavity
Jejunum
the terminal portion of the small intestines is about 3.6m (12 feet) long
Ileum
The ileum joins the large intestine at the
Ileocecal valve
he ileocecal junction has a sphincter called
Ileocecal Sphincter
is about 1.5 m (5 feet) long and extends from the ileocecal junction to the anjs
Large Intestine or Colon
Large intestine is also called
Colon
it forms an inverted U shaped structure
Large Intestine
it describe the (L) lateral abdomen to the pelvis
Large Intestine
is that part of the colon that forms a pouch below ileocecal junction
Cecum
varies in length from 2-6 inches in length it usually lies below the cecum but may also lie behind, medial or lateral to the cecum
Vermiform Appendix
is a continuation with the cecum that us why feces or fecal material from the cecum may pass in and back out of the appendix
lumen or the cavity of the appendix
passes up from the cecum
Ascending Colon
is a bend of the colon to the (L) under the (R) liver surface
Hepatic Flexure / (R) Colic
passes across the upper abdomen
Transverse Colon
is a bend of the colon where the transverse colon ends
Splenic Flexures / (L) Colic
extends down from the splenic flexure to the brim of the pelvis in the (L) lateral abdomen
Descending Colon
is the S shaped curved part of the distal colon
Sigmoid / Pelvic Colon
is the final part of the colon
Rectum
is lower 1 ½ inch of the rectum and ends at sn opening the anus
Anal Canal
composed of skeletal muscle
voluntary external anal sphincter
composed of smooth muscle
involuntary internal anal sphicter
in large intestine the longitudinal muscle layer of the muscularis externa is reduced to three longitudinal muscle
Tenia Coli
they cause the wall to pucker into small pocket-like sacs called
Haustra
are the puckered folds of the colon
Haustra
the major function of this s to consolidate and propel the unusable fecal matter
Large Intestine
