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RadAna > Digestive System > Flashcards

Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

It provides the body with the nutrients, water and electrolytes essential for health

A

Digestive System

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2
Q

digestive system is to what?

A

ingest, digest and absorb food and eliminate the undigested remains as feces

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3
Q

consist of a hallow tube extending from the mouth to the anus

A

Digestive System

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4
Q

this long tube of organs makes a pathway for food to travel through the body and its also called the digestive tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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5
Q

Is technically outside the body because it has contact only with the cells lining thee tract

A

Alimentary Canal

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6
Q

for ingested food to become available to the body cells, it must first be ______ into its smaller diffusible molecules

A

broken down physically (by chewing) and chemically (by enzymatic hydrolosis)

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7
Q

for ingested food a process is called?

A

Digestion

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8
Q

the digested end products is what process

A

Absorption

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9
Q

can then pass through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to the body cells

A

digested end products

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10
Q

can be viewed as a disassembly line

A

digestive tract

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11
Q

what is the two major groups of the organs of the digestive system

A

Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the;
Accessory Digestive Organs

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12
Q

is approximately 9 meters long in a cadaver but is considerably shorter in a living person due to muscle tone

A

Alimentary Canal

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13
Q

It consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines

A

Alimentary Canal

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14
Q

include the teeth, which physically breakdown foods, the salivary glands, gall bladder, liver and pancreas, which secretes their products into the alimentary canal

A

Accessory Structures

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15
Q

What are the four basic wall of alimentary canal tunics (layers)

A
  1. Mucosa (mucous membrane)
  2. Submucosa
  3. Muscularis Externa
  4. Serosa
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16
Q

is the wet epithelial membrane surrounding the alimentary canal lumen

A

Muscosa (mucous membrane)

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17
Q

is moderately dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, scattered lymphoid follicles and nerve fibers.

A

Submucosa

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18
Q

is an opening in the roof of the mouth

A

Cleft Palate

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19
Q

a congenital anomaly wherein the esophagus is closed at some point and may communicate with the trachea

A

Esophageal Atresia

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20
Q

is a narrowing of the pyloric canal causing obstruction at the distal end of the stomach

A

Pyloric Stenosis

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21
Q

is a rupture that causes protrusion of an organ

A

Hernia

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22
Q

Example of Hernia

A

Diaphragmatic, Hiatal, Inguinal Hernia, etc

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23
Q

a complete closure of the anal opening

A

Imperforate Anus

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24
Q

is a diverticulum of the Ileum about 12 inches to three feet above the Ileo-Cecal junction

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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25
Q

is the reversal of the position of the abdominal organs.

A

Situs Inversus / Transposition

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26
Q

this means that, those normally found in the (R) abdomen, may lie in the (L) abdomen

A

Situs Inversus / Transposition

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27
Q

Digestive System or also called

A

Alimentary Tract

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28
Q

areolar connective tissue

A

lamina propria

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29
Q

a scant layer of smooth muscle fibers that enable local movement of the mucosa

A

muscularis mucosae

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30
Q

The major functions of this are secretion, absorption of digested foodstuffs and protection against bacterial invasion

A

Mucosa

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31
Q

typically is a bilayer of smooth muscle, with the inner layer running circularly and the outer layer running longitudinally

A

Muscularis Externa

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32
Q

this layer moves the content of the canal along by segmentation and peristalsis

A

Muscularis Externa

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33
Q

associated with this tunics is the major regulator of GI motility

A

myenteric plexus

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34
Q

is the outermost covering of the intraperitoneal organs? and also called the?

A

Serosa
visceral peritoneum

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35
Q

it consist of mesothelium associated with a thin layer of areolar connective tissue

A

Serosa

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36
Q

a layer of coarse fibrous connective tissues that binds the organ to surrounding tissues

A

Adventitia

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37
Q

in most cases, a simple columnar

A

Epithelium

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38
Q

foods enter the digestive tract

A

oral cavity or mouth or buccal cavity

39
Q

protect the opening of the chamber anteriorly, the cheeks from its lateral walls, and the palate from its roof

A

Lips (labia)

40
Q

the anterior portion of the palate is referred to as the

A

Hard Palate

41
Q

the palatine process of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones underlie it

A

Hard Palate

42
Q

is a posterior portion and is a fibromuscular structure that is unsupported by bone

A

Soft Palate

43
Q

a finger-like projection of the soft palate extends inferiorly from its posterior margin

A

Uvula

44
Q

rises to close off the oral cavity from the nasal ang pharyngeal passages during swallowing

A

Soft Palate

45
Q

the floor of the oral cavity is occupied by the

A

muscular tongue

46
Q

muscular tongue is largely supported by the ___ and attaches to the ___, ___, ___, and ___

A

mylohyoid muscle

hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process and pharynx

47
Q

secures the inferior midline of the tongue to the floor of the mouth

A

Lingual Frenulum

48
Q

the space between the lips and the cheeks and the teeth and gums

A

Oral Vestibule

49
Q

the area that lies within the teeth and gums is the

A

Oral Cavity Proper

50
Q

one of the hard calcified structures set in the alveolar process of the jaws for biting and mastication of food

A

Teeth

51
Q

is a muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth

A

Tongue

52
Q

it is the chief organ of taste and aid in mastication, swallowing and speech

A

Tongue

53
Q

are three pairs of glands whose combined secretions constitute the saliva

A

Salivary Glands

54
Q

is the largest among the salivary gland

A

Parotid Gland

55
Q

has a duct that opens into the oral vestibule opposite the second upper molar are called

A

Stensen’s duct

56
Q

is composed of a group of smaller glands

A

Sublingual Gland

57
Q

has a duct that opens beside the orifice of the wharton’s duct called the

A

bartholin’s duct / duct of rivinus

58
Q

is irregularly shaped, fairly large that extend posteriorly from point below the first molar

A

Submandibular / Sub-maxillary gland

59
Q

the sub-maxillary gland also have duct which is called

A

Wharton’s duct

60
Q

is a long tapering structure that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen

A

Pancreas or Pancreatic Gland

61
Q

is its blunt, rounded which lies in the curve of the duodenum or C-loop

A

Head of the Pancreas

62
Q

is a long tapering part extending to the left behind the stomach tail of the pancreas is its pointed left end

A

Body of the Pancreas

63
Q

is a hollow tube that extends from the tail, through the body ang head to join the common bile duct

A

Pancreatic Duct / Duct of Wirsung

64
Q

is made up of many minutes glands that manufacture and secrete digestive enzyme

A

Pancreas

65
Q

which is collected by this tiny ducts

A

Pancreatic fluid or Juice

66
Q

are small clumps of cells scattered throughout the pancreas

A

Islets of Langerhans / Islands of Langerhans

67
Q

is absorbed by the capillary blood vessels

A

Insulin

68
Q

absence of insulin causes

A

Diabetes

69
Q

is the largest solid organ in the body and may weigh 3 pounds

A

Liver

70
Q

it occupies the upper (R) abdomen but extends to the left side of the body

A

Liver

71
Q

corresponds to the dome of the diaphragm and is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by what

A

Falciform Ligament

72
Q

the under surface of the liver is concave and has an impressions for the (R) kidney

A

hepatic flexure and the gall bladder

73
Q

are the one responsible in secreting bile ducts to approximately 1-3 pints per day

A

Hepatic Cell

74
Q

is one of the body’s most important organs and it perform many metabolic roles

A

Liver

75
Q

which leaves the liver

A

common hepatic duct

76
Q

then enters the duodenum

A

common bile duct

77
Q

has no enzymatic action but emulsifies fats, breaking up large fat particles into smaller ones

A

Bile

78
Q

very little fat digestion or absorption occurs

A

without bile

79
Q

is a pear-shaped hollow organ which lies in an impression below the liver that serves as a reservoir bile

A

Gall Bladder

80
Q

Parts of Gall Bladder

A

Fundus
Body
Neck

81
Q

is a hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the hepatic duct

A

Cystic Duct (Ductus Cysticus)

82
Q

is formed by the union of the (R) HD or DH Dexter and (L) HD or DH Cummunis and cystic duct

A

Common Bile Duct (Ductus Choledochus)

83
Q

it passes down behind the descending duodenum and opens into the

A

Ampulla of Vater / Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla

84
Q

Ampulla of Vater / Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla which has a sphincter called

A

Sphincter of Oddi

85
Q

have involuntary muscle in their walls which are capable of contracting to force bile into the duodenum

A

Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts

86
Q

is another hormone with its source from the duodenum that increases output of enzymic - rich

A

Cholecystokinin

87
Q

Functions of the Digestive System

A
  1. to take in water, salts, vitamins and food and to digest the food so that it may be absorbed
  2. to absorb these food constituents
  3. to get rid of waste products as feces
88
Q

is breaking up or the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food

A

Digestion

89
Q

is the passage of digested products through lining membrane of the bowel

A

Absorption

90
Q

are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen

A

Protein

91
Q

is necessary for the building up and repair of body cells

A

Amino Acids

92
Q

includes starches ad sugar such as glucose and fructose before it is absorbed

A

Carbohydrates

93
Q

are also complex molecules of fatty acids and glycerin

A

Fats

RadAna (13 decks)

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