Digestive System Flashcards
It provides the body with the nutrients, water and electrolytes essential for health
Digestive System
digestive system is to what?
ingest, digest and absorb food and eliminate the undigested remains as feces
consist of a hallow tube extending from the mouth to the anus
Digestive System
this long tube of organs makes a pathway for food to travel through the body and its also called the digestive tract
Alimentary Canal
Is technically outside the body because it has contact only with the cells lining thee tract
Alimentary Canal
for ingested food to become available to the body cells, it must first be ______ into its smaller diffusible molecules
broken down physically (by chewing) and chemically (by enzymatic hydrolosis)
for ingested food a process is called?
Digestion
the digested end products is what process
Absorption
can then pass through the epithelial cells lining the tract into the blood for distribution to the body cells
digested end products
can be viewed as a disassembly line
digestive tract
what is the two major groups of the organs of the digestive system
Alimentary Canal or Gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the;
Accessory Digestive Organs
is approximately 9 meters long in a cadaver but is considerably shorter in a living person due to muscle tone
Alimentary Canal
It consist of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines
Alimentary Canal
include the teeth, which physically breakdown foods, the salivary glands, gall bladder, liver and pancreas, which secretes their products into the alimentary canal
Accessory Structures
What are the four basic wall of alimentary canal tunics (layers)
- Mucosa (mucous membrane)
- Submucosa
- Muscularis Externa
- Serosa
is the wet epithelial membrane surrounding the alimentary canal lumen
Muscosa (mucous membrane)
is moderately dense connective tissue containing blood and lymphatic vessels, scattered lymphoid follicles and nerve fibers.
Submucosa
is an opening in the roof of the mouth
Cleft Palate
a congenital anomaly wherein the esophagus is closed at some point and may communicate with the trachea
Esophageal Atresia
is a narrowing of the pyloric canal causing obstruction at the distal end of the stomach
Pyloric Stenosis
is a rupture that causes protrusion of an organ
Hernia
Example of Hernia
Diaphragmatic, Hiatal, Inguinal Hernia, etc
a complete closure of the anal opening
Imperforate Anus
is a diverticulum of the Ileum about 12 inches to three feet above the Ileo-Cecal junction
Meckel’s Diverticulum
is the reversal of the position of the abdominal organs.
Situs Inversus / Transposition
this means that, those normally found in the (R) abdomen, may lie in the (L) abdomen
Situs Inversus / Transposition
Digestive System or also called
Alimentary Tract
areolar connective tissue
lamina propria
a scant layer of smooth muscle fibers that enable local movement of the mucosa
muscularis mucosae
The major functions of this are secretion, absorption of digested foodstuffs and protection against bacterial invasion
Mucosa
typically is a bilayer of smooth muscle, with the inner layer running circularly and the outer layer running longitudinally
Muscularis Externa
this layer moves the content of the canal along by segmentation and peristalsis
Muscularis Externa
associated with this tunics is the major regulator of GI motility
myenteric plexus
is the outermost covering of the intraperitoneal organs? and also called the?
Serosa
visceral peritoneum
it consist of mesothelium associated with a thin layer of areolar connective tissue
Serosa
a layer of coarse fibrous connective tissues that binds the organ to surrounding tissues
Adventitia
in most cases, a simple columnar
Epithelium
foods enter the digestive tract
oral cavity or mouth or buccal cavity
protect the opening of the chamber anteriorly, the cheeks from its lateral walls, and the palate from its roof
Lips (labia)
the anterior portion of the palate is referred to as the
Hard Palate
the palatine process of the maxillae and horizontal plates of the palatine bones underlie it
Hard Palate
is a posterior portion and is a fibromuscular structure that is unsupported by bone
Soft Palate
a finger-like projection of the soft palate extends inferiorly from its posterior margin
Uvula
rises to close off the oral cavity from the nasal ang pharyngeal passages during swallowing
Soft Palate
the floor of the oral cavity is occupied by the
muscular tongue
muscular tongue is largely supported by the ___ and attaches to the ___, ___, ___, and ___
mylohyoid muscle
hyoid bone, mandible, styloid process and pharynx
secures the inferior midline of the tongue to the floor of the mouth
Lingual Frenulum
the space between the lips and the cheeks and the teeth and gums
Oral Vestibule
the area that lies within the teeth and gums is the
Oral Cavity Proper
one of the hard calcified structures set in the alveolar process of the jaws for biting and mastication of food
Teeth
is a muscular organ attached to the floor of the mouth
Tongue
it is the chief organ of taste and aid in mastication, swallowing and speech
Tongue
are three pairs of glands whose combined secretions constitute the saliva
Salivary Glands
is the largest among the salivary gland
Parotid Gland
has a duct that opens into the oral vestibule opposite the second upper molar are called
Stensen’s duct
is composed of a group of smaller glands
Sublingual Gland
has a duct that opens beside the orifice of the wharton’s duct called the
bartholin’s duct / duct of rivinus
is irregularly shaped, fairly large that extend posteriorly from point below the first molar
Submandibular / Sub-maxillary gland
the sub-maxillary gland also have duct which is called
Wharton’s duct
is a long tapering structure that lies transversely in the upper posterior abdomen
Pancreas or Pancreatic Gland
is its blunt, rounded which lies in the curve of the duodenum or C-loop
Head of the Pancreas
is a long tapering part extending to the left behind the stomach tail of the pancreas is its pointed left end
Body of the Pancreas
is a hollow tube that extends from the tail, through the body ang head to join the common bile duct
Pancreatic Duct / Duct of Wirsung
is made up of many minutes glands that manufacture and secrete digestive enzyme
Pancreas
which is collected by this tiny ducts
Pancreatic fluid or Juice
are small clumps of cells scattered throughout the pancreas
Islets of Langerhans / Islands of Langerhans
is absorbed by the capillary blood vessels
Insulin
absence of insulin causes
Diabetes
is the largest solid organ in the body and may weigh 3 pounds
Liver
it occupies the upper (R) abdomen but extends to the left side of the body
Liver
corresponds to the dome of the diaphragm and is attached to the diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall by what
Falciform Ligament
the under surface of the liver is concave and has an impressions for the (R) kidney
hepatic flexure and the gall bladder
are the one responsible in secreting bile ducts to approximately 1-3 pints per day
Hepatic Cell
is one of the body’s most important organs and it perform many metabolic roles
Liver
which leaves the liver
common hepatic duct
then enters the duodenum
common bile duct
has no enzymatic action but emulsifies fats, breaking up large fat particles into smaller ones
Bile
very little fat digestion or absorption occurs
without bile
is a pear-shaped hollow organ which lies in an impression below the liver that serves as a reservoir bile
Gall Bladder
Parts of Gall Bladder
Fundus
Body
Neck
is a hollow tube that passes from the gall bladder to join the hepatic duct
Cystic Duct (Ductus Cysticus)
is formed by the union of the (R) HD or DH Dexter and (L) HD or DH Cummunis and cystic duct
Common Bile Duct (Ductus Choledochus)
it passes down behind the descending duodenum and opens into the
Ampulla of Vater / Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla
Ampulla of Vater / Hepato - Pancreatic Ampulla which has a sphincter called
Sphincter of Oddi
have involuntary muscle in their walls which are capable of contracting to force bile into the duodenum
Gall Bladder and Bile Ducts
is another hormone with its source from the duodenum that increases output of enzymic - rich
Cholecystokinin
Functions of the Digestive System
- to take in water, salts, vitamins and food and to digest the food so that it may be absorbed
- to absorb these food constituents
- to get rid of waste products as feces
is breaking up or the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food
Digestion
is the passage of digested products through lining membrane of the bowel
Absorption
are complex organic compounds containing nitrogen
Protein
is necessary for the building up and repair of body cells
Amino Acids
includes starches ad sugar such as glucose and fructose before it is absorbed
Carbohydrates
are also complex molecules of fatty acids and glycerin
Fats
