Circulatory System Flashcards
Parts of the circulatory system
heart
arteries
arterioles
capillaries
venules
veins
lymph vascular / lymphatic system
reticulo-endothelial structure
is the pump for the circulatory system that lies in the lower anterior chest in the middle mediastinum
Heart
partition between the 2 halves of the chest diving it into right and left hemithorax
Mediastinum
Lies medial to left nipple in the fifth intercostal space
Apex
is directed o the right and extended slightly to the right of the right sternal border
Base
the heart has ___ coverings ___ chambers and ___ openings
3
4
8
what are the 3 covering of the heart
endocardium
myocardium
pericardium
what are the 4 chambers of the heart
left atrium / left auricle
right atrium / right auricle
left ventricle
right ventricle
is a thin lining membrane of the heart
Endocardium
is the special striated muscle of the heart
Myocardium
is the outer covering of the heart
Pericardium
pericardium consist of two layers
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium
is the inner layer close to the muscle layer
Visceral Pericardium
is the outer layer which forms a thin sac within which the heart contract
Parietal Pericardium
the heart is divided into two halves the right and left by a ___ which extend from the base of the apex
Main Septum
dividing it into an atrium or auricle and a ventricle and these are the right and left atria and right and left ventricles
Atrio-Ventricular Septum
openings between the right atrium and right ventricle and between left atrium and left ventricle are present called the
Atrio Ventricular Opening
guard these openings to prevent blood from flowing back to atria from the ventricle
Flap Valves
the valve on the right side are called
tricuspid valve (3 flaps)
the valve on the left side are called
Bicuspid / Mitral valve (2 flaps)
is that part of the main septum between the two atria
Interatrial Septum
is that part of the main septum that separates the two ventricle
interventricular septum
is the anterior part of the left ventricle that opens into the pulmonary artery
Conus Arteriosus or Pulmonary Conus
are the first two branches of the aorta and supply the heart with blood
Coronary Arteries
what are the openings of the heart
Atrio-Ventricular openings
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava openings
Left Atrium
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle
between the atrium and ventricle on each side
Atrio-Ventricular Opening
in the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava openings
has 4 openings one for each of the pulmonary veins
left atrium
has an opening the pulmonary orifice
right ventricle
has an opening the Aortic orifice
left ventricle
two distinct system of blood vessels in the body
pulmonary arteries and veins
systematic arteries and veins
carry blood from the heart to the lungs and return it to the heart
pulmonary arteries and veins
carry blood from the heart to all other parts of the body and return it to the heart via the aorta and vena cava
systematic arteries and veins
blood is distributed by the branches of the abdominal aorta to the stomach, small intestine, large intestine, pancreas, gall bladder and spleen
Portal Circulation
after circulating through the capillaries of these organs it is collected in veins that join together to form ____
Portal Vein
enters the live, it breaks up into capillaries which then reunite
Portal Vein
the portal vein enters the live, it breaks up into capillaries which then reunite to form ___
Hepatic Vein
leaves the liver and empties into the inferior vena cava
Hepatic Vein
this means that blood carrying the products of digestion from the bowel must pass through the liver before entering the general bloodstream
Portal Circulation
the blood then passes thru the veins to the superior or inferior vena cava and back to the left atrium
Systemic Circulation
oxygenated blood from the left atrium enter the left ventricle
Systemic Circulation
it us pumped into the aorta, it goes to all organs and tissues of the body
Systemic Circulation
it enters the capillaries of these organs
it gives up its supply of oxygen and other products
it takes up carbon dioxide and waste product
Systemic Circulation
blood which has been returned to the right atrium through vena cava passes into the right ventricle
Pulmonary Circulation
blood which has been returned to the right atrium through vena cava passes into the right ventricle
Pulmonary Circulation
with contraction of the right ventricle , blood passes into the pulmonary artery to the lungs
Pulmonary Circulation
it passes through the capillary vessels of the air sac
it receives supply of oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide and moisture
Pulmonary Circulation
it is then collected by the two pulmonary veins each lung and is returned to the left atrium to be pumped out to the body tissues
Pulmonary Circulation
Spleen is located at ___
posterior of stomach
what are the functions of the circulatory system
heart
arteries
veins and lymphatics
is pump to force blood through blood vessels
Heart
form a distributing system and carry blood to all parts of the body
Arteries
are the collecting systems which return blood to the heart
veins and lymphatics
what are the three coats / coverings of blood vessels
internal coat / tunica intima
middle coat / tunica media
outer coat / tunica adventitia
consist of al layer of flat endothelial cells lining the vessels like a cobblestone pavement that forms the inner lining of both vein and artery
internal coat / tunica intima
forms the middle layer that consist of a layer or visceral or involuntary muscle fibers which encircle the vessel
middle coat / tunica media
forms the outer layer that consist of connective tissue
outer coat / tunica adventitia
is an organ that lies under the left diaphragm in the upper left abdomen
Spleen
its function is to filter worn-out red blood cells, it may manufacture new RBC
Spleen
includes the bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen and liver
Reticulo - Endothelial Structures
they act as filters of the blood and store lipoids and iron
Reticulo - Endothelial Structures
is formed by the union f the lymph vessels of the thorax, the right jugular and subclavian lymph trunk
Right Lymph Duct
is a large lymph trunk which begins in the upper abdomen by the union of lymph vessels
Thoracic Duct
they process the aortic opening in the diaphragm into the thorax
Thoracic Duct
are small oval bodies ranging in size
Lymph Nodes / Glands
they are distributed along the ourse of the lymph vessels sometimes single but usually in groups or in chains
Lymph Nodes / Glands
are tubes formed by the union of the lymph capillaries
Lymph Vessels
they unite to form the lymph vessels
pleura
pericardium
peritoneum and
synovial membranes
form a close network of very thin walled vessels like the blood capillaries
Lymph Capillaries
is the name given to the fluid circulating in the lymphatic vessels which is colorless
Lymph
is the second collecting system and its function is draining off tissue fluids and products of cell activity
Lymph Vascular / Lymphatic System
What are the two sets of Veins
superficial vein
deep vein
veins that lie at a deeper level and usually accompany an artery
Deep Veins
veins that lie close to the skin
Superficial Veins
they are formed by union of venules
Veins
form the two collecting system and bring blood back to the heart
Veins
they are formed by the union of capillary vessels
Venules
are the smallest veins and it corresponds to the arterioles
Venules
are very minute hair-like vessels form networks between the small arterioles and the venules
Capillaries
the blood constituents pass into the tissues and the return of waste products into blood vessels through these ___
Capillaries
each arterioles are divided into a thin walled vessels that joints together at the others end to form the smallest veins
Capillaries
each arterioles are divided into a thin walled vessels that joints together at the others end to form the ____
smallest veins
are the final branches of the arteries
Arterioles
carry blood away from the ventricles of the heart
Arteries
arteries maybe compared to a tree with two trunks
Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
