Nervous System Flashcards
a disease in which the motor cell bodies in the anterior part of the spinal cord are affected and sometimes destroyed
Poliomyelitis
an inflammation of the meninges or the covering the brain and cord
Meningitis
an inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
a large head, often due to a block in the holes in the roof of the fourth ventricle with blockages of the CSF
Hydrocephalus
absence of brain structure
Anencephaly
what is the other term of parasympathetic
Cranio-Sacral Nervous System
supplies nerve fibers to many of the same structures as the sympathetic, particularly the Viscera.
parasympathetic or cranio-sacral nervous system
these fibers produced opposite reactions to those induced by stimulation of the sympathetic fibers
parasympathetic or cranio-sacral nervous system
have their centers in the thoracic and lumbar regions in the cord
sympathetic
a series of ganglia or groups of cell bodies that lie on each side of the vertebral column from the skull to the coccyx
Sympathetic Ganglia
are the chains of nerve fibers connecting these ganglia
Sympathetic Trunks
lie in the lateral parts of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord
centers for sympathetic system
are axons from these centers that pass out with the spinal nerves to reach the sympathetic ganglia
Pre-ganglionic Fibers
are axons which pass from the sympathetic ganglia
post-ganglionic fibers
are the three large plexuses of nerve fibers
- ardiac above the heart
- celiac behind the stomach where celiac artery begins
- hypogastric in the lower abdomen
fibers pass with blood vessels tot he organs supplied
Plexus / Plexuses
controls the contraction and dilatation of hollow organs having involuntary muscles in their walls
Autonomic Nervous System
for contraction and dilatation
Pupils
digestive duct, bile duct, and gall bladder, uterus and uterine tubes, etc
Hollow Organs
is considered separate as it is independent of cerebral control
Autonomic Nervous System
it has centers (group of cell bodies) in the midbrain, medulla and in the dorsal lumbar which controls the activity of the structure
Autonomic Nervous System
Ventricles are also known
Cavities of the Brain
what are the 4 small cavities within the brain
right and
left lateral ventricles
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
are two cavities, one on each side of the cerebral hemisphere and lies under the Corpus Callosum
(R) and (L) Lateral Ventricle
lies in the midline of the forebrain at a lower level above the Sella Turcica
Third Ventricle
has a narrow channel that passes down and back to connect with the fourth ventricle
Sella Turcica
lies in the Hindbrain with the Pond and upper Medulla in front of the Cerebellum
Fourth Ventricle
are the openings in the roof thin surface of the cerebellum that communicate with the subarachnoid space
Foramina of Luschka and Magendie
are the networks of veins int he root of each ventricles and may become calcified
Choroid Plexus
the thin lining membrane of the ventricle secretes CSF
Choroid Plexus
CSF is
Cerebrospinal Fluid
is a clear, colorless liquid formed from the blood in the choroid plexus and secreted i to the ventricles
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
olfactory sensory
nose
optic sensory
eye
oculomotor motor
all eye
are the covering of the brains and spinal cord
Meninges
what are the three layer of Meninges
pia mater
arachnoid
dura mater
is the inner covering and is closely applied tot he outer surface of the brain and cord
Pia Mater
is the middle layer which does not dip doen i to the small fissures and are attached tot he pia mater by webs of tissue alone
Arachnoid
is rhe space between the pia mater and the arachnoid membrane where the CSF circulates
Subarachnoid space
is the tough other membrane forming the outer covering of the brain and spinal cord
Dura Mater
therefore continuous with a similar space in the spinal cord
Subarachnoid
may circulate from this space overlying the brain down to the same space in the cord
Cerebro-spinal fluid
what are the fissures of the cerebral hemisphere
longitudinal fissure
central fissure
lateral fissure
transverse fissure
is a deep fissure or groove that lies under the sagittal suture of the skull
Longitudinal Fissure
lies between the frontal and parietal lobes on both ides
Central Fissure
lies between the frontal and parietal lobes above and below the temporal lobe
Lateral Fissure
lies between the two occipital lobes a d the cerebellum below
Transverse Fissure
forms a small part of the brain that lies on the under surface and rest upon the sphenoid bone
Midbrain
which is seen on it’s undersurface and are composed of nerve fibers
Cerebral Peduncles
are four additional prominences on the upper surface of the midbrain
quadrigeminal bodies
is the most caudal of the 3 primary brain vesicles
Hindbrain
lies below the midbrain, in front of the cerebellum and above the medulla
• ½
Pons
is much larger and occupies the posterior cranial fossa
Cerebellum
lies below the pons just above the foramen magnum
Medulla Oblongata
there are 12 pairs of ___ having their enters in rhe midbrain, pons or medulla oblongata and are given off directly from the brain
Cranial Nerves
they pass out of the skull through the foramina to end in the various structures of the head and neck
Cranial Nerves
there are 31 pairs of ___ leaving the spinal cord
Spinal Nerves
passes out through an intervertebral foramen at each level on both sides
Peripheral Nerves
are composed of sensory fibers
Dorsal / Posterior Root
carries motor fibers
Anterior Root
is structure at the outer end of an axon or dendron
End Organ
is a complete circuits consisting of a sensory neuron, a connecting neuron and a motor neuron
Reflex Arc
a sensory neuron carries nerve impulses of pain or other sensation tot he spinal cord
Reflex Act
is a group of a cell bodies outside of the brain or spinal cord
Ganglion
is a group of nerve cell bodies inside of the brain or spinal cord
Nucleus
is a group of nerve cells concerned with some specific function
Center
a network of cell processes
Plexus
is the unit structure of the nervous system and consist of a cell body
neuron or nerve cell
which carry nerve impulses towards the cell body
Dendrite
which carry impulses away from the cell body
Axon
is a nerve cell that conducts impulses towards or inti the spinal cord to the brain
Sensory Neuron or Afferent Neuron
carries impulses from the brain down tot he spinal cord
Motor Neuron or Efferent Neuron
is the point of contacts of dendron of one neuron with axon of another neuron
Synapse
fibers pass across from one hemisphere to the other in the inferior part below the fissure to form ____
Corpus Callosum
a fold of dura mater the outer brain covering called ___
Falx Cerebri
it also thrown into ridges called ____ or ____ which are grooves or hollows between these ridges called ___
GYRI
CONVOLUTIONS
Fissure or Sulci
lies deep in the brain substance
Insula
lies under the occipital bone
occipital lobe
lies under the temporal bone
Temporal lobe
lies under the parietal bone
Parietal Lobe
lies deep to the frontal bone on each side
Frontal Lobe
