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MSK exam 2 > vertebral canal and spinal cord > Flashcards

vertebral canal and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

spinal x ray

A
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2
Q

in the adult, the cord extends from the base of the skull to

A

L2 sometimes L1

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3
Q

spinal cord occupies how much of the vertebral canal

A

2/3

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4
Q

in the embryo, the spinal cord occupies

A

the entire length of the vertebral column

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5
Q

as a result of disproportionate growth of the vertebral column and the spinal cord

A

the lumbar and sacral/coccygeal nerve roots must grow the longest

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6
Q

dural sac

A

tough protective covering formed by dura mater

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7
Q

conus medullaris

A

tapered terminal portion of the cord at L1-L2 level

medullary cone

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8
Q

the collection of lumbar and sacral/coccygeal nerve roots

A

cauda equina

horses tail

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9
Q

filum terminale

A

internal and external portion that extends from the medullary cone at L2

a vestigial remnant of the caudal spinal cord that was in the tail of the embryo

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10
Q

there are \_(how many)__ cervical nerves and ___ cervical vertebrae

A

8 pairs of cervical nerves

7 CV

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11
Q

C1-C7 exit the vertebral canal _____ to the vertebra of the same number

A

superior

ex: c4 exits between c3 and c4

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12
Q

C8 spinal nerve exits below ____ and above ___

A

C7 and T1

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13
Q

spinal nerves from T1 to Co1 exit the canal along the ___ aspect of their corresponding vertebra

A

inferior

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14
Q

membranes that surround the spinal cord

A

spinal meninges

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15
Q

types of spinal meninges

A

dura mater

arachnoid mater

pia mater

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16
Q

The spinal meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid

A

help support and protect the spinal cord, nerve roots, and the cauda equina

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17
Q

the tough outer membrane of the spinal meninges

A

dura mater

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18
Q

dura mater

A

extends laterally into each intervertebral foramen along the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves forming the dural sleeve

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19
Q

delicate, intermediate membrane that lines the inside of the dura and dural sleeves

A

arachnoid matter

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20
Q

small septal-like projections or trabeculae fomr the inner suface of the arachnoid attach to the underlying ______ on the surface of the cord

A

pia mater

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21
Q

subarachnoid space

A

contains Cerebral spinal fluid CSF which helps protect the spinal cord and nerve roots

22
Q

the subarachnoid space is ____ with the subarachnoid space surrounding the brain

A

continuous

23
Q

this innermost membrane which firmly adheres to the surface of the spinal cord

A

pia mater

24
Q

denticulate ligmanets

A

lateral extension of the pia mater between the dorsal and ventral roots which help to anchor the cord

25
Q

a layer of adipose tissue between the vertebral canal and dura mater. also contains the epidural venous plexus

A

epidural space

26
Q

blood supply to the spinal cord is dervied from

A

vertical (longitundinal) and horizontal (segmental) components

27
Q

arteries of the spinal cord

A
  • a single anterior spinal artery
  • paired posterior spinal arteries which arise from the vertebral arteries
28
Q

segmental medullary arteries

A

irregularly spaced vessels that anastimose with the longitudinal spinal arteries

8-10 of them that enter through the intervertebral foramina and provide additional blodo to the spinal cord

29
Q

the tip of the spinal cord goes to

A

L2

30
Q

internal filum terminal

A

extends from medullary cone to the tip of the dural sac

31
Q

external filum terminale

A

extends from the tip of the dural sac to the sacrum/coccyx and helps anchor the spinal cord inferiorly

32
Q

the spinal cord has ___ ______ that provide additional neurons for the innervation of the limbs

A

two enlargements

cervial and lumbosacral enlargement

33
Q

nerve roots that arise from the lumbosacral enlargment an the medullarly cone form the

A

cauda equina

34
Q

the L5 spinal cord level is located at the ____ vertebral column level

A

T12

35
Q

The L5 spinal nerve exits the vertebral column via the intervertebral foramen along the ____ aspect of the L5 vertebrae, but ____ the disc

A

inferior

above the disc

in the lumbar vertebrae!

36
Q

the vertical/longitudinal arteries of the spinal cord vascularize

A

the superior portions of the spinal cord

37
Q

the largest segmental artery

A

great anterior segmental artery or artery of Adamkiewicz

38
Q

this large important vessel generally arises from a lower intercostal artery (65% left side) and reinforces circulation to the inferior 2/3 of the spinal cord

A

artery of adamkiewicz

39
Q

vertebral venous plexuses

A

interconnecting vertebral venous plexuses (VVP) run along the length of the vertebral column and typically have few valves if any… allowing blood to flow unimpeded up and down the vertebral column

40
Q

Batsons plexus

A

direct venous connections between veins in the pelvis and veins along the posterior thoracic wall with the vertebral venous plexus in the vertebral colummn

41
Q

how does prostate cancer travel to the brain?

A

through batsons plexus in the spinal cord

42
Q

cancers that spread via vertebral venous plexuses

A

prostate

breast

lung

can sequester in these venous channels resulting in vertebral column bone cancer or travel to cranial cavity leading to metastatic brain cancer

43
Q

protrusion of nucleus pulposus generally occurs

A

posterolaterally

where annulus is thin and poorly supported by posterior longitudinal ligament

44
Q

The herniated material can impinge/compress the ____, ____, or ____ resulting in pain along the distribution of the compressed nerve(s)

A

spinal cord, spinal nerves, nerve roots of the cauda equina

45
Q

the level of _______ determines which nerve or nerve roots are affected

A

disc herniation

46
Q

posterolateral herniation

A

compressed spinal nerve

47
Q

posterior herniation

A

compressed nerve roots of the cauda equina

48
Q

a posterolateral disc herniation between L4 and L5 vertbral level usually affects the ___ spinal nerve root

A

L5

49
Q

posterolateral disc herniation typicall affects the spinal nerve root of the

A

higher number

50
Q

spinal cord is vascularized by longitudinal arteries that arise mainly from the ______ and ______ that enter the vertebral column via the IV foramen

A

vertebral arteries

segmental medullary arteries

51
Q

surrounds the spinal cord and extends from the base of the skull to S2

A

dura mater

MSK exam 2 (12 decks)

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