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MSK exam 2 > forearm and elbow > Flashcards

forearm and elbow Flashcards

1
Q

prominent concavity at the wrist that develops when thumb is extended

A

anatomical snuff box

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2
Q

the ____ is located medially and the ____ is located laterally

A

ulna

radius

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3
Q

Proxima ulna has a pointed ______ and roughened _______ for attachment of the brachialis muscle

A

coronoid process

ulnar tuberosity

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4
Q

radius and ulna are connected by the

A

interosseous membrane

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5
Q

serves as an attachment for muscles of the forearm and compartmentalizes the forearm into anterior vs posterior

A

interosseous membrane

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6
Q

orientation of interosseous fibers

A

course inferomedially to attach on the ulna

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7
Q

dinner fork deformity

A

distal radial frature fragment displaces dorsally producing a characteristic “jog” in the forearm

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8
Q

colles fracture

A

distal radial fractures that displace posteriorly, usually when a person attempts to break their fall by landing on an extended hand (FOOSH)

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9
Q

how many carpal bones in the wrist?

A

8 carpal

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10
Q

small carpal bones that articulated with the distal radius (wrist joint)

A

scaphoid and lunate

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11
Q

the hand has __ metacarpal bones

A

5

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12
Q

the hand as ____ phalanges and what are they called?

A

14 proximal, middle, distal

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13
Q

antecubital fossa houses

A

brachial artery and median nerve

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14
Q

the _______ represents the long gateway to the palm for the 9 long flexor tendons and the median nerve

A

carpal tunnel

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

anterior forearm compartment houses

A

flexor/pronator muscles

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17
Q

posterior forearm compartment houses

A

extensors/supinators

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18
Q

superficial flexors of the forearm

A

pronator teres

flexor carpi radialis

palmaris longus

flexor carpi ulnaris

flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) (kind of intermediate)

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19
Q

common flexor origin

A

the medial epicondyle of the humerus is the site of origin for superficial forearm muscles

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20
Q

golfer’s elbow

A

medial epicondylitis (flexing repetitions leads to inflammation)

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21
Q

deep flexors of the forearm

A

flexor digitorum profundus

flexor pollicis longus

protonator quadratus

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22
Q

deep muscles of the forearm are innervted by

A

AIN - anterior interosseous nerve

the flexor digitorum profundus is also innervated dually by the ulnar nerve (medial half)

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23
Q

flexor digitorum profundus innervation

A

dually innervated - the AIN and the ulnar nerve

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24
Q

innervation of the superficial flexors of the forearm

A

median nerve

except the flexor carpi ulnaris is the ulnar nerve

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25
Q

action of FDS

A

flexes the middle phalanx at the PIPJ

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26
Q

muscles that produce pronation of the forearm

A

protonator teres (superficial flexor)

protonator quadratus (deep flexor)

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27
Q

age group of colles fracture

A

older than 50 most common

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28
Q

protonation means

A

radius crosses over ulna

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29
Q

which muscle initiates pronation of the forearm?

A

protonator quadratus

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30
Q

innervation of protonator quardratus

A

median nerve

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31
Q

role of protonator teres

A

assists the quadrates when more speed/power is required

32
Q

two muscles that produce flexion of the fingers

A

FDS (superficialis)

FDP (profundus)

33
Q

strength of the flexor digitorus superificals and profundus

A

very strong!

34
Q

flexor retinaculum

A

sheath that anchors tendons down so they aren’t ballooning

35
Q

action of FDP

A

flexes the distal interphalangeal joint DIP of the finger

36
Q

functional extensor groups

A

extensors of the wrist

extensors of the digits

extensors/abductors of the thumb

37
Q

innervation of extensor compartment of forearm

A

radial nerve

38
Q

origination of the extensor muscles of the forearm

A

lateral epicondyle of the humerus

39
Q

tennis elbow

A

lateral epicondylitis

40
Q

extensor muscles of the wrist

their function

A

extensor carpi radialis longus

extensor carpi radialis brevis

extensor carpi ulnaris

extend and stabilize the wrist (like hadshake stabilizes)

41
Q

extensor muscles of the digits

A

extensor digitorum

extensor digiti minimi

extensor indicis

42
Q

long tends of the extensors of the digits insert onto the _______ of the digits

A

extensor expansion/hood

43
Q

extensors/abductors of the thumb

A

abductor pollicis longus APL

extensor pollicis brevis EPB

extensor pollicis longus EPL

44
Q

extensor/abductors of the thumb are often refered to as ________ and form the boundaries of the _____

A

outcropping muscles

anatomical snuffbox

45
Q

muscles that assist with intricate and precise movements of the thumbs

A

APL

EPB

EPL

46
Q

the wrist secures the extensor tendons by the _____

A

extensor retinaculum - a localized thickening of antebrachial fascia (has synovial fluid in it)

47
Q

the extensor tendons of the forearm are compartmentalized in the extensor retinaculum into _________

A

6 fibro-osseous tunnels

51
Q

ganglion or synovial cyst

A

thin walled cyst that contains clear synovial fluid - common on the dorsum of the wrist

“bible cyts”

52
Q

common site for bible cysts

A

extensor carpi radialis/brevis tendons near the wrist

53
Q

De Quervian’s Tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of the tendons and synovial sheaths of the EPB and APL

mom’s wrist or housewife’s wrist

54
Q

finkelstein test

A

positive test means severe pain in the anatomical snuff box

55
Q

treatment for De Quervian’s Tenosynovitis

A

treatment involves splinting, ant inflammatory meds (NSAIDs i.e. motrin) and often steroid injection around the tendons sheaths to reduce inflammation

56
Q

common injury site for ulnar nerve

A

since it passes posterior to the medial epicondyle in the cubital tunnel

57
Q

innervation of ulnar nerve

A

innervates flexor carpi ulnaris, and medial half of the FDP tendons to digits 4/5

58
Q

canal of guyon

A

a groove on the anterior aspect of the wrist/hand where the ulnar nerve passes

59
Q

cyclist palsy

A

compression of the ulnar nerve in the canal of guyon

60
Q

branches of radial nerve

A

superficial and deep

61
Q

superficial branch of radial nerve

A

cutaneous and sensory only!!! to a portion of the dorsum of the hand

62
Q

deep branch of the radial nerve

A

pierces supinator muscle and enters the extensor compartment where it continues as the posterior interosseous nerve

not a sensory component here

63
Q

what artery are we feeling at the wrist?

64
Q

ligaments of the elbow joint

A

radial collateral

ulnar collateral

annular ligament

65
Q

tommy john surgery

A

ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction

66
Q

collar around the head of the radius

A

annular ligament

67
Q

nursemaids elbow

A

radial head dislocation - partially tearing the annular ligament or dislocating the radial head

68
Q

who gets nursemaids elbow

A

common in toddlers age 1-4 when parts are picking them up or they are being pulled

69
Q

MCP joint

A

metacarpophalangeal joints- head of meticarpal articulase with base of proximal phalanx

70
Q

gamekeeps thumb

A

ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb

also skier’s thumb

71
Q

chief nerve of forearm flexors

A

median nerve

72
Q

the median nerve passes ____ the flexor retinaculum (roof of the carpal tunnel)

A

beneath - common site of entrapment

73
Q

Radial nerve is BEST

A

radial nerve innervates

Brachioradialis

Extensors

Supinator

Triceps

MSK exam 2 (12 decks)

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