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MSK exam 2 > pectoral region and brachial plexus > Flashcards

pectoral region and brachial plexus Flashcards

1
Q

clavicle helps _____ from the upper limb to the axial skeleton

A

transmit shock

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2
Q

most frequently fractured bone in the body

A

clavicle

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3
Q

80% of adult fractures are through the ______ of the bone

A

middle 1/3

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4
Q

is a clavicular fracture clinically obvious?

A

yes

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5
Q

shoulder on affected side of a clavicular fracture is usually _____ than other side

A

lower…

the SCM elevates the proximal fragment

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6
Q

most frequently broken bone during labor/delivery

A

clavicle

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7
Q

joints of clavicle

A

sternoclavicular joint

acromioclavicular joint

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8
Q

only true articulation between the upper limb and the axial skeleton

A

sternoclavicular joint

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9
Q

motion at the SC joint

A

about 60 degrees

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10
Q

costoclavicular ligament

A

anchors sternal end of the clavicle to the 1st rib

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11
Q

FOOSH

A

falling on an outstretched hand/arm

intra-articular fibrocartilagenous disc acts as shock absorber

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12
Q

ligaments of the AC joint

A

acromioclavicular ligament - provides strength to the joint capsule

coracoclavlicular extrinsic ligaments- trapezoid and conoid ligaments unite coracoid process and to clavicle

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13
Q

situations where AC injuries are common

A

football/hockey

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14
Q

acromioclavicular injuries are graded according to the _____ of ligamentous damage

A

severity

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15
Q

1st degree tear

A

stretch or minor tear of the AC ligament but it is still intact

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16
Q

2nd degree AC tear

A

a rupture of AC ligament with subluxation of the joint

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17
Q

3rd degree

A

severe injuries where both the AC and the coracoclavicular ligaments are torn

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18
Q

shoulder separation

A

referes to the separation of the clavicle with the shoulder and acromion

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19
Q

piano sign

A

3rd degree injury - AC dislocation with prominent clavicle

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20
Q

anterior thoracoappendicular muscles

A

pectoralis major
pectoralis minor
subclavius
serratus anterior

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21
Q

origin of pectoralis major

A

coracoid process of clavicle and 3-5th ribs sternocostal

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22
Q

insertion of pectoralis major

A

inserts into the bicipital groove of the humerus

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23
Q

innervation of the pectoralis major

A

medial and lateral pectoral nerves

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24
Q

action of pectoralis major

A

medially rotates, adducts, flexes the arm

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25
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion

A

coracoid process

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26
Q

pectoralis minor function

A

stabilizes the scapula against the thoracic wall

also accessory respiratory muscle

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27
Q

origin of pectoralis minor

A

anterior surface of 3rd-5th ribs

28
Q

innervation of the pectoralis minor

A

medial pectoral nerve

29
Q

pectoralis minor forms a bridge over these major neuromuscular structures entering the arm

A

axillary artery
axillary vein
brachial plexus

30
Q

the ________ is a continuation of the subclavian artery as it passes the lateral margin of the 1st rib

A

brachial? artery

31
Q

provides vascular supply to the pectoral girdle and shoulder region

A

axillary artery

32
Q

this muscle divides the axillary artery into three parts

A

pectoralis minor

33
Q

generally there are ___ branches that arise from the axillary artery

A

6

34
Q

1st part of axillary artery has one branch

A

superior thoracic artery

1st and 2nd intercostal space between ribs

35
Q

2nd part of axillary artery has two branches

A

thoracoacromial trunk - divides into 4 branches (deltoid, acromial, pectoral, clavicular)

lateral thoracic artery - pectoral muscles and breast

36
Q

3rd part of axillary artery has three branches

A

subscapular (largest)
anterior humeral circumflex (around surgical neck)
posterior humeral circumflex (around surgical neck)

37
Q

many axillary arterial branches contribute to a large __________ that provides collateral circulation around the scale/muscles

A

anastomotic arcade

38
Q

subscapular artery

A

longest branch that supplies the muscles and anastomoses around the scapula, gives rise to the thoracodosal and scapular circumflex artery in the triangular space

39
Q

anterior and posterior humeral circumflex

A

help vascularize the humerus and surrounding muscles (posterior goes through the quadrangular space)

40
Q

collateral circulation of axillary artery

A

numerous blood vessels anastomose around the scapula and can convey blood to the arm, invade the axillary artery ever is blocked/thrombosis

41
Q

large nerves network that innervates the upper extremity and all its associated musculature

A

brachial plexus

42
Q

5 segments of the brachial plexus

A 
roots 
trunks
divisions
cords
branches

Real Truckers Drink Cold Beer to MARMU

43
Q

roots of brachial plexus

A

ventral rami of C5 to T1 spinal nerves

44
Q

trunks of the brachial plexus

A

superior - C5 and C6

middle - C7

inferior - C8 and T1

45
Q

divisions of the brachial plexus

A

each trunk divides into an anterior and posterior division

46
Q

anterior divisions of the brachial plexus

A

eventually forms nerves that innervate muscles in flexor (anterior) compartments of the upper limb

47
Q

posterior divisions of the brachial plexus

A

combine and eventually form nerves that innervate muscles in extensor (posterior) compartments of the upper limb

48
Q

cords of brachial plexus

A

3 cords that are named in relation to the axillary artery

lateral cord
medial cord
posterior cord

49
Q

lateral cord of the brachial plexus

A

both anterior divisions of superficial and middle trunk

50
Q

medial cord

A

the anterior division of the inferior trunk

51
Q

posterior cord

A

the posterior portion of all 3 trunks (superior, medial and inferior)

52
Q

branches of the brachial plexus

A

MARMU

musculocutaneous
axillary nerve
radial nerve
median nerve
ulnar nerve
53
Q

the lateral cord gives rise to the _______ and the lateral root of the _____ nerve

A

musculocutaneous

median

54
Q

musculocutaneous nerve

A

innervates flexors of the arm

55
Q

ulnar nerve

A

intrinsic muscles of the hand and some forearm flexors

56
Q

axillary nerve

A

innervates deltoid and teres minor

57
Q

musculocutaneous nerve roots

A

C5,6,7

58
Q

axillary nerve roots

A

C5,6

59
Q

radial nerve roots

A

C5,6,7,8, T1

60
Q

median nerve roots

A

C5, C6, C7, C8, T1

61
Q

radial nerve

A

innervates extensors of the arm and forearm (from the posterior cord and division)

62
Q

median nerve

A

innervates most forearm flexors and thumb muscles

63
Q

________ nerves all innervate muscles that adduct and medially rotate the arm

A

subscapular nerves

64
Q

sub scapular nerves

A

upper scapular (c5, c6)

middle (thoracodorsal) subscapular (c6,7,8)

lower sub scapular (c5, c6)

65
Q

The ______ and the ______ pass between the anterior and middle scalene muscles in the cervical region

A

roots of the plexus and the subclavian artery

66
Q

the deep fascia that surrounds the scalene muscles in the neck is called the

A

prevertebral fascia

67
Q

the prevertebral fascia becomes the _____ is it extends laterally, forming a tubular sheath that surrounds the _______ and ______

A

axillary sheath

brachial plexus
axillary artery

MSK exam 2 (12 decks)

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