the hand Flashcards
most commonly fractured carpal bone
scaphoid
most commonly dislocated carpal bone
lunate
scaphoid fractures
can disrupt the blood supply to the bone resulting in delayed or nonunion avascular necrosis of the bone - requires surgical intervention
common synovial joint to be affected by arthritis
1st carpometacarpal joint thumb joint between trapezium and knuclke
sesmoid bones
bones floating in a tendon, like the 2 in the thumb and knee cap
knuckles
metacarpophalangeal joints
rheumatoid arthritis
autoimmune disease affects synovial fluid in the joints - hands common
5th metacarpal fracture
boxers fracture
5th metacarpal mobility
very mobile
trigger finger mechanism
trauma or inflammation creates a nodule made of scar tissue on the flexor tendon. as the finger moves, the nodule gets trapped beneath an annular ligament and patients may feel a “locking” or “catching” when they bend or straighten their finger
stenosing tenosynovitis
trigger finger
most common trigger fingers
ring finger and thumb, but can happen in any due to the fibrous digital sheath
fibrous digital sheath
tough ligaments tubes on the palmar surface of finger - has annular and cruciform ligaments that secure the FDS and FDP to the finger - and includes the synovial sheaths
synovial tendon sheaths
tubular envelopes containing synovial fluid that surrounds tendons - permit tendons to move freely with less friction during hand movements
tenosynovitis
inflammation of the synovial tendon sheath
intrinsic muscular compartments of the hand
hypothenar thenar adductor central interosseous
damage to which nerve affects function of the DIPJ of digits 4 and 5?
ulnar
adduction and abduction plane of movement in the thumb
sagittal plane
flexion and extension plane of movement in the thumb
frontal plane
a strong well-defined fascia that covers and protects the underlying neurovascular structures and the long flexor tendons to the fingers
palmar aponeurosis
muscules of hypothenar compartment
muscles involved in moving the 5th digit
- abductor digiti minimi
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
- opponens digiti minimi
innervation of the hypothenar compartment
beep branch of the ulnar nerve
C8 & T1
muscle that allows opposition of the thumb
opponens pollicis
muscles of the thenar compartment
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens brevis
innervation of thenar compartment
recurrent branch of median nerve C8 and T1
main job of thenar compartment
opposition of thumb!
innervation of adductor compartment
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
adductor compartment of hand
has adductor pollicis - allows adduction of thumb
central compartment of hand
located beneath the aponeurosis and contains
- the long flexor tendons (FDS and FDP)
- neurovascular structures
- lumbrical muscles
what does lumbrical mean?
worm like
lumbricals in central compartment of hand
- 4 small intrinsic muscles of the hand that arise from the FDP tendons
- attach to lateral sides of extensor expansion hood (on the dorsum) of digits 2-5
lateral two lumbricals (1 and 2)
innervated by median nerve
medial two lumbricals (3 and 4)
innervated by the ulnar nerve
muscles that flex the digits at the MCP joint and extend the interphalangeal joints
lumbrical muscles
lumbricals flex the ____
MCP (bye bye muscles)
innervation of the interosseous compartment of the hand
deep branch of the ulnar nerve
location of interosseous compartment
between the metacarpal bones
interossei muscles
in the interosseous compartment, aid in grip strength and assist the lumbrical muscles
carpal tunnel syndrome
results from any condition that effectively reduces the size of the carpal tunnel
median nerve gets impinged of trapped by these conditions
patients experience symptoms in their hand distal to the nerve entrapment
nerves that innervate the hand
radial
median
ulnar
median nerve gives off _____ branch that innervates ____ muscles
recurrent
thenar
symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome
parasthesia, hypoesthesia, or anesthesia of lateral 3 1/2 digits along the palmar surface
tx is often surgical release
nerve of fine movements
deep branch of the ulnar
arterial supply to the hands
ulnar and radial artery and branches
the radial artery gives rise to the
radial indicis and princeps pollicis arteries that vascularize the index and thumb (lateral hand)
