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Gross Anatomy 2 > Vertebral Canal > Flashcards

Vertebral Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are 2 groups are the ligaments of the vertebral column divided into?

A
  • Ligaments of the arch

- Ligaments of the body

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2
Q

What are the 2 ligaments of the vertebral body?

A
  • Anterior longitudinal ligament

- Posterior longitudinal ligament

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3
Q

What ligament is highlighted in green?

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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4
Q

Where does the anterior longitudinal ligament lie?

A

On the Anterolateral aspect of the vertebral bodies

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5
Q

What are the attachments of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Runs from the base of the skull to the sacrum

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6
Q

Describe the layers of the anterior longitudinal ligament?

A
  • Made up of 3 layers of dense collagen fibres
  • The deep fibres bind adjacent vertebrae together
  • Superficial fibres span multiple segments
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7
Q

What movement does the anterior longitudinal ligament limit?

A

EXTENSION

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8
Q

What ligament is highlighted in green?

A

Posterior Longitudinal ligament

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9
Q

Where does the posterior longitudinal ligament lie?

A

Within the vertebral canal on the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies

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10
Q

At which vertebral level does the posterior longitudinal ligament start?

A

C2

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11
Q

What are the attachments of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A

Runs from C2 to the sacrum

Attaches to the IV discs and margins of the vertebrae

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12
Q

What is often found between the posterior longitudinal ligament and the bone?

A

Fat and vessels

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13
Q

What is the role of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

A
  • Prevents posterior herniation of the IV disc

- Limits FLEXION (weakly)

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14
Q

What are the ligaments of the vertebral arch and processes?

A
  • Ligamenta Flava
  • Interspinous Ligaments
  • Supraspinous Ligaments
  • Intertransverse ligaments
  • Nuchal Ligament
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15
Q

What ligament is highlighted in green?

A

Ligamentum Flavum

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16
Q

Where do the ligamenta flava attach?

A

Connect the laminae of the adjacent vertebrae together

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17
Q

What are the roles of the ligamenta flava?

A
  • To help maintain the curvatures of the spine
  • To reinforce the wall of the vertebral canal posteriorly
  • Limits flexion
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18
Q

What ligament is highlighted?

A

Interspinous ligament

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19
Q

Where do the interspinous ligaments attach?

A

Connect adjacent spinous processes

20
Q

What is the ligament that is highlighted?

A

Supraspinous Ligament

21
Q

Where does the supraspinous ligament run?

A

Connects the tips of the spinous processes

Runs from C7 to the sacrum

22
Q

What ligament is highlighted?

A

Intertransverse ligament

23
Q

Where does the intertransverse ligament attach?

A

Connects adjacent transverse processes

24
Q

How do the fibres of the intertransverse ligament change throughout the vertebral column?

A

Cervical - scattered fibres
Thoracic - fibrous
Lumbar - membranous

25
Q

What structure is highlighted?

A

Nuchal ligament

26
Q

What is the nuchal ligament?

A

A thickened fibroelastic tissue that is continuous with the supraspinous ligament in the cervical region

27
Q

Where does the nuchal ligament attach?

A

External occipital protuberance
Posterior border of the foramen magnum
Spinous processes C1-7

28
Q

What is the role of the nuchal ligament?

A

Muscle attachment

Limits flexion

29
Q

At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end?

30
Q

How many nerves are in each spinal region?

A 
Cervical - 8 pairs
Thoracic - 12 pairs
Lumbar - 5 pairs
Sacral - 5 pairs
Coccygeal - 1 pair
31
Q

Where are the spinal enlargments?

A

Cervical enlargement - C4-T1

Lumbosacral enlargement - L1-S3

32
Q

How are the spinal nerves named?

A
  • Cervical spinal nerves are named after the vertebrae below (exception is C8)
  • T1-Co1 are named after the vertebrae above
33
Q

What is the structure highlighted?

A

The Cauda Equina

Lumbar and Sacral roots that extend below the end of the spinal cord

34
Q

What is the filum terminale?

A

Remenant of the caudal part of the spinal cord

35
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The conus medullaris - the tapering off of the spinal cord

36
Q

List the spinal meninges from superficial to deep

A

Spinal Dura Mater
Spinal Arachnoid Mater
Spinal Pia Mater

37
Q

What is the attachments of the spinal dura mater?

A

Tough outer covering of the spinal cord

Attached to the coccyx inferiorly by the filum terminale

38
Q

What forms the dural root sheaths?

A

Lateral extensions of the spinal dura mater cover the nerve roots as dural root sheaths

39
Q

What is found in the epidural space?

A

Internal vertebral venous plexuses

Epidural fat

40
Q

What attaches the spinal arachnoid mater to the pia?

A

Arachnoid Trabeculae

41
Q

What is found within the subarachnoid space?

42
Q

What does the spinal pia mater cover?

A

The spinal cord, nerve roots and spinal blood vessels

43
Q

What are Denticulate ligaments?

A

Ligaments that run on either side of the spinal cord between the anterior and posterior nerve roots
They suspend the spinal cord in the dural sac

44
Q

What is the arterial supply to the spinal cord?

A
  • 1 Anterior spinal artery
  • 2 Posterior spinal arteries
  • Run longitudinally from medulla oblongata to conus medularris
  • Supported by medullary segmental arteries
45
Q

What arteries supply the spinal cord nerve roots?

A

Radicular arteries

46
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the spinal cord?

A
  • 3 anterior and 3 posterior veins
  • Drained by medullary and radicular veins
  • Join the internal vertebral venous plexuses in the epidural space

Gross Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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