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Gross Anatomy 2 > Anterior forearm and wrist > Flashcards

Anterior forearm and wrist Flashcards

1
Q

What is the action of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Flexion of the wrist and digits

Pronation

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2
Q

What is the common flexor origin?

A

Medial epicondyle of the humerus

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3
Q

What nerve supplies a majority of the muscles of the anterior forearm?

A

Median

Flexor carpi ulnaris and ring/pinky side of flexor digitorum profundus are supplied by ulnar nerve

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4
Q

What is the most superficial muscle of the anterior forearm?

A

Palmaris Longus

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5
Q

What muscle is this and what is its innervation?

A

Plamaris Longus

Median (C7,8)

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6
Q

What are the attachments of Palmaris Longus?

A

From the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the palmar fascia (aponeurosis)

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7
Q

What is the action of palmaris longus?

A

Tightens the aponeurosis which aids in wrist flexion

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8
Q

True or False?

Palmaris longus is not present in everyone

A

True!

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9
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Pronator Teres

Median

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10
Q

What passes between the heads of pronator teres?

A

Median nerve

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11
Q

What are the attachments of pronator teres?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Inserts into lateral surface of radius

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12
Q

What is the action of pronator teres?

A

Pronation

assists in elbow flexion

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13
Q

What muscle is this and what is its innervation?

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Median nerve

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14
Q

What is the function of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Wrist flexion

Abduction of wrist (with extensor carpi radialis)

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15
Q

What are the attachment of flexor carpi radialis?

A

Medial condyle of humerus

Inserts into base of the 2nd metacarpal

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16
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Ulnar nerve

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17
Q

What are the attachments of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Medial epicondyle of humerus

Inserts - base of pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal

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18
Q

What are the actions of flexor carpi ulnaris?

A

Flexion of wrist

Adduction (with extensor carpi ulnaris)

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19
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Median nerve

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20
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Medial epicondule of humerus and coronoid process of ulna

Inserts- middle phalanges (lateral) of digits 2-5

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21
Q

What are the actions of flexor digitorum superficialis?

A

Flexion of MCPs and PIPs

Flexion of wrist

22
Q

What is this nerve and its innervation?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

  • Ring and pinky - ulnar nerve
  • Index and middle - anterior interosseous branch of median nerve
23
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Ulna and interosseous membrane

Inserts to distal phalanges of digits 2-5

24
Q

What is the action of flexor digitorum profundus?

A

Flexion of MCPs, PIPs and DIPs of digits 2-5

Flexion of wrist

25
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Flexor Pollicus Longus

Anterior interosseous branch of Median nerve

26
Q

What are the attachments of flexor pollicus longus?

A

Radius and interosseous membrane

Inserts on base of distal phalanx of thumb (palmar)

27
Q

What are the actions of flexor pollicus longus?

A

Flexion of MCP and IP of thumb

Flexion of wrist

28
Q

What is this muscle and what is its innervation?

A

Pronator Quadratus

Anterior interosseous branch of Median nerve

29
Q

What is the action of pronator quadratus?

A

Pronation

Helps stabilise distal radioulnar joint

30
Q

What are the attachments of pronator quadratus?

A

Distal anterior ulna to distal anterior radius

31
Q

What forms the median nerve?

A

C6-T1 fibres

Medial and lateral cords

32
Q

What is the major nerve of the anterior compartment of the forearm?

A

Median nerve

33
Q

What nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

Median nerve

34
Q

True or False?

The radial nerve supplies this area

A

False!

On the palmar aspect the median nerve supplies the thenar aspect of the hand

35
Q

What muscle does the median nerve pass between?

A

The heads of pronator teres

36
Q

True or False?

The ulnar nerve passes through the carpal tunnel?

A

False

It passes over it

37
Q

What forms the ulnar nerve and describe its route?

A

C7-T1 fibres from the medial cord
Runs in the medial side of the arm then passes along the medial groove in the humerus to reach the anterior forearm. It runs on the medial side between flexor carpi ulnaris and the mdeial side of flexor digitorum profundus then passes over the carpal tunnel close to the pisiform

38
Q

What is the major arterial contribution to the superficial palmar arch of the hand?

A

Ulnar artery

39
Q

What artery gives rise to the ulnar artery?

A

Brachial artery

40
Q

True or False?

The radial artery gives off the common interosseous artery

A

False!

It is the ulnar. This further splits into anterior and posterior interosseous arteries

41
Q

What classification of joint is the wrist?

A

Synovial condyloid

42
Q

What movements occur at the wrist?

A

Flexion, Extension
Adduction, Abduction
Circumduction

43
Q

What type of joint is present between the carpal bones?

A

Synovial plane

44
Q

Name the proximal carpal bones

A

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquestrium (with pisiform on top)

45
Q

Name the distal row of carpal bones

A

Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

46
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Radial collateral ligament of the wrist

47
Q

What is highlighted?

A

The ulnar collateral ligament of the wrist

48
Q

What forms the roof of the carpal tunnel?

A

Thickened part of the flexor retinaculum

49
Q

Does the ulna articulate directly with the proximal carpal bones?

A

No it articulates with an articular disc to improve the congruency of the joint

50
Q

What do the medial and lateral aspects of the flexor retinaculum attach to?

A

Medial - pisiform and hook of hamate

Lateral - tubercle of scaphoid and ridge on trapezium

51
Q

The flexor retinaculum forms a septum at the trapezium. What structure passes through here?

A

Flexor carpi radialis tendon

52
Q

What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?

A 
Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis
Tendons of flexor digitorum profundus
Tendon of flexor pollicus longus
Tendon of flexor carpi radialis
Median nerve

Gross Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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