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Gross Anatomy 2 > Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Pectoral Girdle and Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the glenohumeral joint and pectoral girdle?

A

Scapula
Humerus
Clavicle

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2
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Corocoid process of the scapula

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3
Q

What is highlighted?

A

Acromion process of scapula

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4
Q

What is shown and what makes this groove?

A

The bicipital groove of the humerus

Created by the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii

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5
Q

What is highlighted and what muscle attaches here?

A

Deltoid tuberosity

Deltoid muscle inserts here

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6
Q

Within the upper limb, what are some basic rules for movements at a joint depending on where the muscle passes over?

A
  • If a muscle/tendon passes over anterior surface it will flex the joint, but if it crosses posterior it will extend
  • If it crosses the medial surface it will adduct it whereas if it crosses the lateral surface it will abduct
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7
Q

What structures are highlighted here?

A

Glenohumeral ligaments
Superior, middle and inferior ligaments
Pass from lesser tubercle of humerus to the edges of the glenoid cavity

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8
Q

Where does the coracohumeral ligament run?

A

Passes from the greater tubercle of the humerus to the coracoid process of the scapula

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9
Q

What is A highlighting and what does it do?

A

Transverse humeral ligament

Hold the tendon of the long head of biceps brachii in place as it passes through the bicepital groove

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10
Q

What ligament is highlighted?

A

Acromioclavicular

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11
Q

What ligament is highlighted?

A

Coracoacromial ligament

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12
Q

What ligament is shown and what 2 parts does it have?

A

Coracoclavicular ligament

Conoid and trapezoid parts

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13
Q

What are the 2 anatomical spaces associated with the muscles attached to posterior aspect of scapula?

A

Quadrangular space

Triangular space

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14
Q

Describe the quadrangular space and what passes through it

A

Superior border - Teres minor
Inferior border - Terese major
Medial - Long head of triceps brachii
Lateral - Humerus

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery pass through

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15
Q

Describe the triangular space and what passes through it?

A

Superior border - Teres major
Medial - Long head of triceps brachii
Lateral - Humerus

Radial nerve and deep brachiial artery run through

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16
Q

What is the blood supply for the scapular anastamosis?

A

Branches of the subclavian

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17
Q

Describe the origins of the subclavian arteries

A

Right subclavian is a branch of brachiocephalic trunk

Left subclavian is a direct branch of aorta

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18
Q

What does the subclavian artery become?

A

Becomes axillary artery as it passes under the clavicle and over the surface of the first rib

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19
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Pectoralis major

Medial (C8-T1) and Lateral (C5-7) pectoral nerves

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20
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis major?

A

Clavicle, costal cartilage of ribs 1-6, and sternum to the outer lip of the bicepital groove of the humerus

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21
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis major?

A

Flexion and adduction of the arm and medial rotation of the humerus

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22
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Pectoralis minor

Medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

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23
Q

What are the attachments of pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3,4,5 to the coracoid process of scapula

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24
Q

What are the actions of pectoralis minor?

A

Pulls shoulder anterior and inferior, or can elevate ribs if shoulder is fixed

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25
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Serratus anterior

Long thoracic nerve (C5,6,7)

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26
Q

What are the attachments of serratus anterior?

A

Outer surface of upper 8 ribs to the medial border of scapula

27
Q

What is the action of serratus anterior?

A

Protraction of scapula

28
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Trapezius
Spinal accessory nerve (CN XI) for motor
Cervical plexus C3,4 for sensory

29
Q

What are the attachments of the trapzius?

A

Superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, spinous process C7-T12, to the lateral third of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

30
Q

What are the actions of the trapezius?

A

Ascending part- depresses scapula
Transverse part - retracts scapula
Descending part - elevates scapula and rotates the glenoid cavity

31
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A 
Latissimus Dorsi
Thoracodorsal nerve (C6-8)
32
Q

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

A

Extension, medial rotation and abduction of the arm

Climbing and chin ups

33
Q

What are the attachments of latisimus dorsi?

A

Iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, spinous process of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae to the floor of the bicepital groove of the humerus

34
Q

What is this muscle and its innervation?

A

Levator scapulae

Direct C3, 4 and 5 via the dorsal scapular nerve

35
Q

What are the attachments of levator scapuli?

A

Transverse process of atlas and axis, C3 and 4 to the medial scapular border between the superior angle and medial end of scapular line

36
Q

What is the actions of levator scapulae?

A

Helps to control scapular position, elvates shoulder with the trapezius, and with the shoulder fixed it can laterally flex the neck to the same side

37
Q

What are the attachments of the rhomboids?

A

Major- thoracic spines 2-5 to the medial border of the scapula
Minor - nuchal ligament and C7-T1 spines to the medial end of the scapula

38
Q

What is the role of the rhomboids?

A

Retraction of the scapula

39
Q

What is the innervation of the rhomboids?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve C4-5

40
Q

What muscle is this and what is its innervation?

A 
Deltoid
Axillary nerve (C5,6) from posterior cord of brachial plexus
41
Q

What are the attachments of the deltoid?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula to the deltoid tuberosity of humerus

42
Q

What is the actions of the deltoid?

A

Abduction of arm from 10-110, mostly middle fibres
Extension and lateral rotation of arms from posterior fibres
Flexion and medial rotation of arms from anterior fibres

43
Q

What muscle is this and what is its innervation?

A

Teres major

Subscapular branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus (lower C5-6)

44
Q

What is the action of teres major?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of arm

45
Q

What are the attachments of teres major?

A

Lateral border of scapula (lower 1/3 posterior) to the medial lip of bicepital groove of humerus

46
Q

What muscle is this and what is its innervation?

A

Subclavius

Nerve to subclavius (C5,6)

47
Q

What is the action of the subclavius?

A

Draws clavicle down and slightly forwards during abduction

48
Q

What are the attachments of the of the subclavius?

A

Sternal end of 1st rib to the middle third of the underside of clavicle

49
Q

What is the rotator cuff?

A

A group of 4 muscles that help to keep the humerus in the glenoid fossa of the scapula
Helps to prevent dislocation

50
Q

What is the most common direction for shoulder dislocation?

A

Antero-inferior direction

51
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Subscapularis

Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5,6,7) from posterior cord of brachial plexus

52
Q

What is the action of the subscapularis?

A

Medially rotates the arm

53
Q

What are the attachments of the subscapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa on the anterior fossa to the lesser tubercle of the humerus

54
Q

What is the muscle shown and what is its innervation?

A 
Supraspinatous 
Suprascapular nerve (C5,6) from superior trunk of brachial plexus
55
Q

What is the action of the supraspinatous?

A

Abducts the arm the first 10-15 degrees

56
Q

Where does the supraspinatous attach?

A

Supraspinatous fossa on the posterior aspect of the scapula to the greater tubercle of humerus (upper facet)

57
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A 
Infraspinatous
Suprascapular nerves (C5,6) from superior branch of the brachial plexus
58
Q

What is the action of the infraspinatous?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

59
Q

What are the attachments of the infraspinatus?

A

Infraspinous fossa of posterior scapula to the greater tubercle of humerus (middle facet)

60
Q

What is the muscle shown and what is its innervation?

A 
Teres minor
Axillary nerve (C5,6) branch of posterior cord of brachial plexus
61
Q

What is the action of the teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

62
Q

What are the attachments of teres minor?

A

Upper 2/3rds lateral border of scapula to the greater tubercle of humerus (lower facet)

63
Q

What are the muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis
Supraspinatous
Infraspinatous
Teres minor

Gross Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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