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Gross Anatomy 2 > The Hand > Flashcards

The Hand Flashcards

1
Q

What classification of joint are the carpometacarpal joints?

A

Thumb - Synovial saddle

Digits - Synovial plane

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2
Q

What movement does the saddle joint of the thumb allow?

A

Opposition

Unique to humans and forms the basis for precision grips

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3
Q

What joint classification are the metacarpalphalangeal joints and what movements occur here?

A

Synovial condyloid

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction and a small degree of circumduction

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4
Q

What joint classification are the interphalangeal joints and what movements are seen?

A

Synovial hinge

Flexion and extension

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5
Q

What muscle is shown and what is its innervation?

A

Palmaris Brevis

Ulnar nerve

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6
Q

What is the role of the palmaris brevis muscle?

A

Tightens the palmar aponeurosis to enhance grip

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7
Q

What are intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the hand?

A 
Intrinsic = muscles entirely within the hand 
Extrinsic = muscles that enter the hand from the forearm
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8
Q

What are the 3 intrinsic muscles of the thenar eminence?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis

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9
Q

What is the muscle and its innervation?

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Recurrent branch of median nerve
(Ulnar in some texts)

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10
Q

What are the attachments of flexor pollicis brevis?

A

Flexor retinaculum, capitate and trapezium

To base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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11
Q

What movement does flexor pollicis brevis carry out?

A

Flexion of the thumb CMC

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12
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Abductor pollicis brevis

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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13
Q

What are the attachments of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Scaphoid and Trapezium

To base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb

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14
Q

What is the action of abductor pollicis brevis?

A

Thumb CMC abduction

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15
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Opponens pollicis

Recurrent branch of median nerve

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16
Q

What are the attachments of opponens pollicis?

A

Trapezium to the 1st metacarpal

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17
Q

What is the action of opponens pollicis?

A

Opposition of CMC of thumb

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18
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A

Adductor Pollicis

Ulnar nerve

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19
Q

What are the attachments of adductor pollicis?

A

Transverse head from 3rd metacarpal
Oblique head from 2nd/3rd metacarpals
To base of proximal phalanx of thumb

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20
Q

What are the movements of adductor pollicis?

A

Adduction of CMC joint of thumb

Flexion of MCP of thumb

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21
Q

What are the 3 muscles of the hypothenar eminence?

A

Abductor digiti minimi
Flexor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

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22
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A 
Abductor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve (deep)
23
Q

What are the attachments of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Pisiform bone

To base of 5th proximal phalanx and dorsal digital expansion

24
Q

What are the actions of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction and flexion of MCP joint little finger

25
Q

What muscle is highlighted and what is its innervation?

A 
Flexor digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve (deep)
26
Q

What are the attachments of flexor digiti minimi?

A

Hamate and flexor retinaculum

To base of 5th proximal phalanx

27
Q

What are the actions of flexor digiti minimi?

A

Flexion of little finger MCP joint

28
Q

What is the muscle and its innervation?

A 
Opponens digiti minimi
Ulnar nerve (deep)
29
Q

What are the attachments of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Hamate and flexor retinaculum

To 5th metacarpal

30
Q

What are the actions of opponens digiti minimi?

A

Weak opposition of little finger

31
Q

What is the name of these muscles?

A

Lumbricles

32
Q

Where do the lumbricles originate from?

A

The tendons of flexor digitorum profundus

33
Q

What are the shapes of the lumbricles?

A

1st (index) and 2nd (middle) = unipenate

3rd (ring) and 4th (little) = bipennate

34
Q

Where do the lumbricles insert?

A

The dorsal digital expansion

35
Q

What are the actions of the lumbricles?

A

MCP joint flexion
IP joint extension
(digits 2-4)

36
Q

What is the innervation of the lumbricles?

A

1st and 2nd= Median nerve (digital branch)

3rd and 4th= ulnar nerve (deep branch)

37
Q

What are the muscles shown and what is their innervation?

A 
Palmar interossei 
Ulnar nerve (deep branch)
38
Q

What are the attachments of the palmar interossei?

A

Base of proximal phalanxes and digital expansions

39
Q

What are the actions of the palmar interossei?

A

Adduction towards the middle finger

flexion of MCP and extension of IP

40
Q

What muscles are shown and what is their innervation?

A 
Dorsal interossei
Ulnar nerve (deep)
41
Q

What is the action of the dorsal interossei?

A

Abduction

MCP flexion and IP extension

42
Q

What is the origin of the dorsal interossei?

A

From the sides of 2 adjacent metacarpals

e.g. the first dorsal interossei originates from 1st and 2nd metacarpals

43
Q

What are the insertions of the dorsal interossei?

A

Proximal phalanxes and digital expansions

44
Q

What arteries supply the hand?

A

Radial and ulnar

Anastomose to supply the hand

45
Q

Describe the arterial arches of the hand

A

Superficial arch is mostly formed by the ulnar artery

Deep arch is mostly formed by the radial

46
Q

Why do the digital branches of the arteries lie on the lateral aspects of the digits?

A

To prevent damage to the vessels during flexion and extension of the digits

47
Q

In relation to the carpal tunnel, where does the ulnar artery lie?

A

Crosses to the wrist above the carpal tunnel

48
Q

On the floor of which anatomical structure does the radial artery lie?

A

The anatomical snuffbox

49
Q

Describe the path taken by the radial artery from the forearm to hand

A

Passes through the anatomical snuffbox (over scaphoid and trapezium) into the hand
Passes between the heads of adductor pollicis to anastamose with the ulnar artery

50
Q

What is the largest arterial vessel to the thumb and from what artery does it arise?

A

Princeps Pollicis

Arises from the radial artery

51
Q

What is the clinical significance of the thenar and hypothenar spaces of the hand?

A

Can be important in tracking infection across the palm of the hand

52
Q

What nerve dominates the lateral side of the hand?

A

Median nerve

53
Q

What nerve dominates the medial side of the hand?

A

Ulnar

Gross Anatomy 2 (8 decks)

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