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EXCI 254 > vertebrae ribs and paravertebral muscle > Flashcards

vertebrae ribs and paravertebral muscle Flashcards

1
Q

function of vertebral column

A

Supports trunk and weight of body

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2
Q

the VC extend from what to what

A

Extends from base of skull to pelvis

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3
Q

function of intervertebral disc

A

shock absorption

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4
Q

vertebra are held in place by

A
  • Intervertebral Discs • Intervertebral ligaments

* Deep muscles of the back

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5
Q

function of vertebra

A

Enclose/protect spinal cord
• Support head
• Attachment for ribs, pelvis, muscles of the back

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6
Q

what are the 5 region of the VC and how many vertebral in each

A
  • Divided into 5 regions: • 7 Cervical
  • 12 Thoracic
  • 5 Lumbar
  • 5 Sacral (fused)
  • 4 (3-5) coccygeal (fused)
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7
Q

what make the vertebral arch

A

pedicle and lamina

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8
Q

type of joint of the vertebra

A

Zygapophysealjoints (D.S.A.)

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9
Q

which vertebrae is smaller and lighter

A

Cervical

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10
Q

which vertebra are the most mobile of the C-spine

A

C4-C5, C5-C6

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11
Q

which C-spine vertebra are often bifid

A

c2-c6

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12
Q

which vertebrae provide support for the head

A

cervical

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13
Q

atlas articulate with what

A

occipital condyle

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14
Q

which vertebra doesn’t have a body

A

atlas

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15
Q

which vertebrae allow for flexion and extension motion of head (yes)

A

atlas

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16
Q

function of atlas

A

Allows for flexion and extension motion of head (nodding “yes”)

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17
Q

carateristic of atlas

A

absence of body

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18
Q

characteristic of axis

A

odontoid process + dens

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19
Q

c1 is atlas or axis

A

atlas

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20
Q

which vertebra is affected in whiplash injuries

A

axis (C2)

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21
Q

function of axis

A

When rotating from side to side (“no”), atlas pivots

around the odontoid process

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22
Q

which vertebra is the only one articulate with ribs

A

Thoracic

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23
Q

which type of joint is the join btw thoracic and ribs

A

costovertebral

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24
Q

characteristic of thoracic vertebra

A

Unique to have smooth facets on their bodies and t-process to articulate with Except T11-T12
Long pointed spinous process projecting down

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25
Q

what limited the mvt in T-spine

A

long pointed spinous process

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26
Q

which T-spin vertebra does avec smooth facet on their bodies

A

T11-T12

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27
Q

which vertebra is the thicker and larger one

A

lumbar

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28
Q

function of L4-L5 and L5-S1

A

allow significant flexion and extension movements therefore disc/facet degeneration are common at those levels

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29
Q

what happen at the level of L1

A

the spinal cord ends and the cauda equina begins.

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30
Q

wherethe spinal cord ends and the cauda equina begins

A

L1

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31
Q

which bone form the posterior part of pelvis

A

sacrum

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32
Q

the sacrum fused around the aged of

A

30

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33
Q

is the spinous still present in the sacrum

A

yes as the median sacral crest

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34
Q

what the opening along side of median sacral crest

A

Dorsal sacral foramina

• Ventral sacral foramina

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35
Q

around which aged the coccyx is fused

A

20-30

36
Q

spinal curve are affected by what

A
  • Posture
  • Activity
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy • Trauma
  • Disease
37
Q

what is lordosis

A

exaggerated curving in the L-spine

38
Q

what is kyphosis

A

exaggerated curving in the T-spine

39
Q

what is scoliosis

A

lateral deviation of the spine from the midline

40
Q

name of the outer fibrous ring of intervertebral disc

A

annulons fibroses

41
Q

which vertebra has no dises

A

No discs are found between the occiput and C1, and between C1 and C2.

42
Q

where is the last disc found

A

btw

S5 and co1

43
Q

name of the inner highly elastic structure of intervertebral disc

A

nucleus pulposus

44
Q

what is the annulus fibrosus

A

Outer fibrous ring

45
Q

what is nucleus pulposus

A

Inner highly elastic structure

46
Q

what is include in the thoracic cage

A

T-vertebrae, sternum, and ribs

47
Q

whatForms partial enclosure around organs of chest

A

thoracic cage

48
Q

what is support by thoracic cage

A

shoulder girdle and upper limbs

49
Q

what is sealed by the thoracic diaphragm

A

inf portion of thoracic cage

50
Q

what is the sternum and where is located

A

Flat, narrow bone located along the vertical midline of chest

51
Q

3 major part of sternum

A

manubrium (sup) body (middle) xyphoid process (inf)

52
Q

which part of sternum is located at 1st ribs

A

manubrium

53
Q

which part of sternum is located at ribs 2-10

A

body

54
Q

the xyphoid process ossifies complete by age

A

40

55
Q

sternum articulate with

A

Articulates with 2 clavicles superiorly & ribs by way of cartilages along its lat. borders

56
Q

how many pair of ribs is there

A

12

57
Q

each ribs pair attached to

A

T-vertebraeon body and

transverse process)

58
Q

the ribs attach to sternum via

A

costal cartilage

59
Q

which ribs are true, false and floating

A

true= 1st 7 pair
remaining 5 paire= false
last 2 pairs= floating

60
Q

characteristic of a typical ribs

A
  • Shaft
  • Head
  • Tubercle
  • Costal groove
61
Q

space btw each ribs =

A

intercostal space

62
Q

ribs mvt = % of respiratory effort

A

25

63
Q

function of superficial of paravdrtebral muscle

A

control limb mvt

64
Q

function of intermidiate group

A

control respiratory mvt

65
Q

most nerve supply of superficial paravertebral muscle

A

from ventral ramis of cervucal nerves

66
Q

which muscle is part of paravertebral superficial group

A

Trapezius

• Latissimus dorsi • Levator scapulae • Rhomboids

67
Q

which muscle is part of peravertebral intermediate muscle group

A

Serratus posterior superior (deep to rhomboids)Serratus posterior inferior (deep to latissimus dorsi)

68
Q

which muscle is deep to rhomboid

A

Serratus posterior superior

69
Q

which muscle is deep to lat dorsi

A

Serratus posterior inferior

70
Q

what is innervated by last 4 intercostal nerves

A

serratus posterior interior

71
Q

what innervated the serrates posterior superior

A

1st 4 intercostal nerves

72
Q

what innervated the deep intrinsic paravertebral muscle

A

dorsal rami of spinal nerve

73
Q

function of deep paravertebral muscle

A

Maintain posture, control movements of the vertebral column

74
Q

which group of paravertebral muscle extend from pelvis to skull

A

deep

75
Q

attachement of deep muscle paravertebral medially

A

attaches medially to ligamentum nuchae, spinous process, supraspinous ligament and median sacral crest

76
Q

attachement of deep muscle paravertebral muscle laterally

A

attaches laterally to cervical and lumbar transverse process and rib angles

77
Q

what make the thoracolumbar fascia

A

thoracic and lumbar part of deep paravertebral muscle groupe

78
Q

where is located the splenius muscle

A

posterolateral aspect neck

79
Q

what covers the splenius

A

covers vertical neck muscles, hold deep muscles in position

80
Q

the splenius is part of which layer of paravertebral muscle

A

superficial (intrisct)

81
Q

function of erector spina

A

chief extensor muscles of vertebral column

82
Q

what are the 3 muscle that make the erector spina group

A
  • Iliocostalis (lateral)
  • Longissimus (intermediate)
  • Spinalis (medial)
83
Q

name the 3 muscle of erector spinae from lateral to medial

A
  • Iliocostalis (lateral)
  • Longissimus (intermediate)
  • Spinalis (medial)
84
Q

erector spina is part of which layer of paravrtebral muscle

A

intermediate instruct

85
Q

which muscle make up the deep intrinsic muscle

A
  • Semispinalis (capitis, thoracis, cervicis)*
  • Multifidus*
  • Rotatores*
  • Interspinalis
  • Intertransversarii
  • Levator Costarum
86
Q

what is an other name for the deep inartistic muscle

A

transversospinal muscle group

EXCI 254 (10 decks)

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