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EXCI 254 > CNS: brain > Flashcards

CNS: brain Flashcards

1
Q

the brain receive what

A

Receives information about the body’s inner workings and about the outside world via the s.c. and the PNS

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2
Q

what is identical in everyone brain

A

gyrin

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3
Q

what is found btw gyro

A

fissure (sulci)

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4
Q

what is the function of gyri and sulci

A

increase surface area of the brain

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5
Q

what does increase the surface area of the brain

A

gyri and sulci

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6
Q

where is located the pre central gyrus

A

immediately ant. to the central sulcus

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7
Q

pathway of pre central gyrus

A

tract that leave here descend pyramidal tract or corticospinal tracts -> leaving cortex to go to spinal cord

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8
Q

motor cortex is in which gyrus

A

pre central

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9
Q

where is located the post central gyrus

A

immediately post to the central sulcus

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10
Q

what are the 2 tracts in the post central gyrus

A

Spinothalamic tracts and spinocerebellar tracts

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11
Q

sensory cortex is in which gyrus

A

post central

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12
Q

what are the major fissures in the brain

A

longitudinal cerebral fissure • transverse fissure
• lateral sulci/fissure
• central sulcus

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13
Q

which fissure Separates (partially) two cerebral hemispheres

A

longitudinal

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14
Q

which fissure Occupied by the falx cerebri which is a double-folded dura mater membrane

A

longitudinal

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15
Q

what is the falx cerebri

A

double-folded dura mater membrane

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16
Q

location of transverse fissure

A

Lies between the occipital lobe and the cerebellum

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17
Q

name of the dural extension that separates the 2 cerebellar hemisphere

A

falx cerebelli

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18
Q

what is the falx cerebelli

A

he dural extension that separates the 2 cerebellar hemispheres is called the falx cerebelli

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19
Q

what lies in the transverse fissure

A

dural membrane

tentorium cerebelli

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20
Q

the dural membrane and tentorium cerebelli lies where

A

in transverse fissure

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21
Q

what are the 3 cavities in the embryo

A

prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon

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22
Q

what developed from the prosencephalon in 5 week embryo

A

telencephalon

diencephalon

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23
Q

what develop from telencephalon in five week embryo

A

cerebrum

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24
Q

what develop from diencephalon

A

thalamus hypothalamus epithalamus

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25
Q

what are the 5 secondary brain vesicles

A

telencephalon diencephalon mesencephalon metencephalon myenlencephalon

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26
Q

what develop from mesencephalon

A

midbrain

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27
Q

what develop from mesencephalon

A

pons

cerebellum

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28
Q

what develop from mylencephalon

A

medulla oblongata

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29
Q

the cerebrum divided in

A

Divided in the sagittal plane into two halves: the right and left
cerebral hemispheres

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30
Q

the hemisphere of the cerebrum control the activities of the same side of the body

A

false

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31
Q

describe the hemisphere of cerebrum

A

• Hemispheres are mirror images of one another in many ways but there are functional distinctions between them

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32
Q

in which hemisphere the development of language is usually develop

A

left

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33
Q

what is located in the right hemisphere

A

• Areas that govern three-dimensional visualization and artistic creations are located in the right hemisphere

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34
Q

where does the insula is

A

lies deep to the cortex and medial to the temporal lobe

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35
Q

the conscious mind happened where

A

cerebral cortex

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36
Q

what are the 3 directions of the internal white matter

A

commissural tract
association tract
projection tract

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37
Q

what is commissural tract

A

connect 2 hemisphere of the brain -> corpus callosum, anterior commissure

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38
Q

what is association tract

A

connect 2 zone within the same region -> corona radiate, septum pellucid

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39
Q

what is a projection tract

A

project to one region of brain to another region, connect 2 region of the brain

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40
Q

what is a basal ganglia

A

several masses of gray matter

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41
Q

what are the 3 structures of basal ganglia

A
  • caudate nucleus
  • amygdala
  • lentiform nucleus (globus pallidus, putamen)
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42
Q

location of thalamus in relation of BG

A

more medial + posterior

43
Q

function of BG

A

• Relay station for motor impulses
• Control large unconscious (autonomic) movements of skeletal
muscles
• Control initiation, termination and intensity

44
Q

what can happen if BG isn’t working properly

A
  • Brings about involuntary contractions of the skeletal muscles
  • Muscle spasticity
  • Parkinson’s disease. there is a disruption of the muscle movement integrity
45
Q

the diencephalon is associated with which endocrine glands

A

pineal and pituitary gland

46
Q

what are the 2 prominent structures of diencephalons

A

thalamus and hypothalamus

47
Q

what connect the 2 thalamus toghether

A

intermediate mass

48
Q

what does surround the 3 ventricle

A

thalamus

49
Q

relation of thalamus with optic chiasma

A

lies superior to optic chiasma

50
Q

principle function of thalamus

A

Principle relay station for sensory (afferent)

impulses traveling to cerebral cortex

51
Q

which of structure of the brain is the gateway to cortex

A

thalamus

52
Q

other function of thalamus

A

Also relay for involuntary motor (efferent) impulses travelling outward – maintenance of consciousness

53
Q

when does the thalamus is involved

A

Involved with early conscious recognition of sensations related to survival (ie: P, T, touch and pressure)

54
Q

what forms part of the roof of the 3rd ventricle

A

pineal gland

55
Q

function of pineal gland

A

Secretes at least one hormone, melatonin, but its function remains in doubt

May inhibit secretion of FSH and LH from ant. pituitary gland and regulate body rhythms

56
Q

relation of pineal gland and posterior commissure

A

anterior to post commissure

57
Q

what is partially housed in sella turcica

A

hypothalamus

58
Q

function of hypothalamus

A

controls many involuntary body activities, most of which have a direct effect of homeostasis – major regulator

  1. Control of the ANS
  2. Production of hormones (oxytocin, ADH)
  3. Reg. of emotional & behavioral patterns
  4. Reg. of eating and drinking
  5. Control of blood/body temperature
  6. Reg. of awakening and sleep patterns (sets daily schedule)
59
Q

what are the projection of hypothalamus

A

mamillaire bodies, pituitary gland

60
Q

location of mamillary bodies

A

Lie at the base of the brain & hypothalamus-2 round masses

61
Q

mammillary body is associated with what

A

smell

62
Q

what does extend from maxillary body

A

pituitary gland

63
Q

what connect mammillary body and pituitary stalk

A

tuber cinerium

64
Q

where is located the midbrain

A

btew diencephalon and pons

65
Q

role of cerebral peduncle

A

connect cerebrum with region below

66
Q

function of sup colliculi

A

sight

67
Q

function of inf colliculi

A

hearing

68
Q

function of substantial nigra

A

release dopamine to basal nuclei

69
Q

what are the 2 part o rhombencephalon

A

metencephalon and myelencephalon

70
Q

what is the pons consist of

A

Consists of white matter and scattered masses of

nuclei (gray matter)

71
Q

what controls the breathing rhythm

A

pons

72
Q

role of pons

A

Connection btw s.c. and brain as well as parts of the brain with each other

73
Q

which nerve is associated with the pons

A

CN V, VI, VII, VIII

74
Q

what happens if the rostral portion of inferior vermis is compressed

A

difficulty maintaining balance

75
Q

what is considered as the automatic pilot for motor response

A

cerebellum

76
Q

what region is responsible for the posture and balance

A

cerebellum

77
Q

function of cerebellum

A

Main region for posture & balance
• Fine tuning of movements through constant feedback, resolves differences between intended movement and actual movement

78
Q

role of cerebellar peduncles

A

Carry sensory information from sensory organs in muscles, joints, and the inner ear
Enable brain to determine status of voluntary motor activities, equilibrium and balance
• Coordinate and provide precision to skeletal muscle contraction initiated by cerebrum

79
Q

which structure enable brain to determine status of voluntary motor activities, equilibrium and balance

A

cerebellar peduncle

80
Q

which structureCoordinate and provide precision to skeletal muscle contraction initiated by cerebrum

A

cerebellar peduncle

81
Q

sup, inf, middle cerebellar peduncle connect what

A

sup: cerebellum to midbrain
mid: pons
inf: medulla oblongata + cerebellum

82
Q

location of medulla oblongata

A

inf to pons extend down until spinal cord

83
Q

outside of medulla oblongata is white/grey matter and inside is white/grey matter

A

outside white

inside gray

84
Q

white matter of medulla oblongata consist of ascending/descending nerves fibers btw brain and sc

A

white matter consists of all ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve fibers extending btw brain and s.c.

85
Q

role of gray matter in medulla

A

reflex centers play a role in visceral reflexes,

consciousness and arousal

86
Q

nerve associated with medulla oblongata

A

CN VIII, IX, X, XI, XII

87
Q

role of cardiac center

A

heart rate regulation (rate, force)

88
Q

vasomotor center role

A

regulates blood pressure by varying the

diameter of blood vessels

89
Q

respiratory center role

medullary rhtimicity area

A

controls dept and rhythm of breathing

90
Q

what does protect the brain

A

skull, css, meninges

91
Q

which layer of meninges look like a spider web

A

arachnoid

92
Q

which layer of meninges look like sanrawrap and is the gentle mother

A

pia matter

93
Q

which layer of meninges is the tough mother

A

dura matter

94
Q

is the meninges of brain are continuous with those of spinal cord

A

yes

95
Q

what order of layer do we meet when we open the cranium

A

periosteal layer, meningeal layer (dura mater), arachnoid and pia mater

96
Q

location of lateral ventricle

A

in each hemisphere

97
Q

location of 3rd ventricle

A

center of diencephalon

98
Q

location of 4th ventricle

A

btw cerebellum and medulla oblongata

99
Q

other name of inter ventricular foramen

A

foramen of Monroe

100
Q

other name of cerebral aqueduct

A

aqueduct of midbrain

101
Q

what the pathway of csf

A

lateral ventricle-> inter ventricular formen -> 3rd ventricle -> cerebral aqueduct -> 4th ventricle

102
Q

fomrmation of csf

A

formed by filtration of blood plasma through dense

networks of capillaries called choroid plexus (CP)

103
Q

what form the blood brain barrier

A

Capillary walls of the CP and supporting neuroglia

EXCI 254 (10 decks)

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