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EXCI 254 > CNS: spinal cord, spinal nerve > Flashcards

CNS: spinal cord, spinal nerve Flashcards

1
Q

where does spinal cord begin

A

Begins at medulla oblongata (brain stem) down to the level of L2

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2
Q

what’s the name of the spinal cord end-point

A

conus medullaris

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3
Q

2 enlargements within spinal cord

A

cervical and lumbar enlargement

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4
Q

cervical enlargement come from

A

• From which the brachial plexus is formed •

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5
Q

innervation of cervical enlargement

A

upper extremity C5-T1

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6
Q

innervation of lumbar enlargement

A

lower extremity L1-

S4

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7
Q

lumbar enlargement come from

A

from which the lumbar plexus is formed

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8
Q

name of the depression in spinal cord

A

Anterior (ventral) median fissure

Posterior (dorsal) median sulcus

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9
Q

the H-form in center of SC is white or gray mater

A

gray

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10
Q

name of the center of grey matter

A

central canal

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11
Q

pathway of central canal

A

continuous the length of the spinal cord
• continuous with the 4th ventricle of the brain
• filled with CSF

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12
Q

which glia cells surround the area around the H-form

A

oligodendrocyte

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13
Q

name of each bundle of myelinated nerve fibers

A

tract

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14
Q

ascending tract is sensory or motor

A

sensory

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15
Q

descending tract is sensory or motor

A

motor

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16
Q

relay impulse of ascending tract

A

Relay impulses from the periphery or spinal levels to the brain

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17
Q

relay impulse of descending tract

A

Relay impulses from the brain to different spinal levels and the periphery

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18
Q

what type of horn is only found in T-spine and upper L-spine

A

lateral horn

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19
Q

name of groups of nerve fibers which enter the Dorsal Horn are called

A

dorsal roots

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20
Q

name of The groups of nerve fibers which enter the Ventral Horn are called

A

ventral roots

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21
Q

where does the cell bodies of dorsal roots lies and names

A

Their cell bodies lie outside the s.c. in the intervertebral foramen and are called,
• Dorsal root ganglia or, • Spinal ganglia

22
Q

location of cell bodies of ventral roots

A

Cell bodies are contained within the anterior and lateral horns

23
Q

ventral roots contains what

A

axons of motor neurons

24
Q

dorsal roots contains what

A

sensory neurons

25
Q

the spinal nerve is form by what

A

Dorsal and ventral roots come together

26
Q

the spinale nerve divides into

A

dorsal and ventral rami

27
Q

innervation of dorsal rami

A

eep vertebral muscles and skin of

the back

28
Q

innervation of ventral rami

A

ventral and lateral musculature

29
Q

spinal nerve are sensory of motor

A

both

30
Q

how many pair of spinal nerve is there

A

31

31
Q

function of meninges

A
  • protect brain and spinal cord
  • form supporting framework for artery brain and venous sinus
  • enclose subarachnoid space for circulation of CSF
32
Q

what cover the pituitary gland

A

Diaphragm Sellae

33
Q

what layer of meninges contain the CSF

A

subarachnoid space

34
Q

where is located the denticulate ligament

A

pia mater

35
Q

when does the spinal nerves stop being cover by meninges

A

until they exit through intervertebral foramina

36
Q

which nerve act primarily as pain receptors of the body but Also act as tickle, itch and thermal, and touch receptors

A

free nerve ending

37
Q

where does the free nerve ending bracnch

A

between epithelial cells, connective cells, muscle

cells, etc.

38
Q

which nerve are surrounded by CT capsule

A

encapsulated sensory ending

39
Q

how many Encapsulated Sensory Endings in total

A

6

40
Q

which nerve are Encapsulated Sensory Endings

A 
Meissner Corpuscles
 •  Pacinian Corpuscles 
•  End bulbs of Krause
 •  Ruffini Corpuscles
•  Muscle Spindles
•  Golgi Tendon Organs
41
Q

location, function and adaptation of messiner corpuscle

A

Surrounds spinal ending of a dendrite
• Sensitive to light touch, pressure, and slow vibrations
• Rapidly-adapting
Found in the:
• Skin (dermis) - especially the finger tips
• Mucous membrane of the tongue
• Other sensitive regions of the body (ex: eyelids)

42
Q

location, function and adaptation of pacinian corpuscle

A

• Located in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue, submucosa,
joints, periosteum, and some viscera
• Adapt rapidly
• Stimulated by heavy pressure, fast vibrations, tickling

43
Q

location, function and adaptation of end-bulbs of Krause

A

• Located in the mucous of the lips, tongue, conjunctiva,
external genitalia
• Common throughout the body (dermis of skin) • Serve as cold receptors

44
Q

location, function and adaptation of Ruffini corpuscle

A
  • Located in sub-cutaneous tissue, ligaments, tendons
  • Slow-adapting
  • Respond to stretching of the skin
  • Contribute to the kinesthetic sense of, and control of, joint position and movement
45
Q

location, function and adaptation of muscle spindle

A

found in skeletal muscle, react to change in muscle length

46
Q

what is contain in the capsule of muscle spindle

A

Within this capsule are skeletal muscle fibers called intrafusal fibers
• They are supplied by sensory neurons

47
Q

what happens with muscle spindle when a muscle is stretch

A

• When the muscle is stretched so are the intrafusal fibers which
send afferent nerve impulses back to the spinal nerve
• In response, there is stimulation of the efferent (motor) neurons to the same muscle that contracts it
• Therefore stretch is reflexively resisted

48
Q

function and adaptation of GTO

A

react to muscle tension

Composed of dendrites that have many branches on the muscle tendon junction

The stimulus will go back to the s.c. where the motor neurons to the same muscles are inhibited, thus relaxing the muscle
• Principle of PNF stretching and hold/relax stretch

49
Q

which spinal nerve is not a cutaneous innervation

A

C1

50
Q

explain the somatic reflex

A

see powerpoint

EXCI 254 (10 decks)

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