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Spinal Anatomy > Vertebrae of the Spine (Quiz 3) > Flashcards

Vertebrae of the Spine (Quiz 3) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inferior aspect of the adult spinal column?

A

coccygeal region

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1
Q

What is the superior aspect of the adult spinal column?

A

cervical region

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2
Q

How many vertebrae make up the spinal column?

A

33

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3
Q

How many vertebrae are in the cervical region?

A

7

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4
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region?

A

12

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5
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region?

A

5

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6
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacral region?

A

5

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7
Q

How many vertebrae are in the coccygeal region?

A

4

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8
Q

All vertebrae are articulating in the adult spine except the….

A

5 sacral vertebrae which are fused in the adult

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9
Q

IVDs are located between vertebrae from the inferior aspect of _____ to the superior aspect of ____

A

C2, S1

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10
Q

Significant motion can occur between cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and the first sacral vertebrae due to synovial joint articulation. What are these synovial joints called?

A

zygopophyseal facet joints

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11
Q

What are the functions of the spinal column?

A

-protect the spinal cord
-supports the weight and transmits it to the pelvis and lower limbs

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12
Q

What does kyphotic curve mean? Where are kyphotic curves in spine?

A

-convexity of curve projects posteriorly
-thoracic and sacral regions are kyphotic

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13
Q

What does lordotic curve mean? Where are lordotic curves in spine?

A

-convexity of curve projects anteriorly
-cervical and lumbar regions are lordotic

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14
Q

The typical vertebrae consist of a vertebral body, a vertebral arch, and ___ processes

A

7

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15
Q

The vertebral body is the large, cylindrical somewhat oval shaped ________ portion of the vertebrae

A

anterior

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16
Q

What is the function of the vertebral body?

A

supports the weight of the body and gives strength to the vertebral column

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17
Q

The posterior side of the _____________ forms the anterior boundary of the vertebral foramen

A

vertebral body

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18
Q

The vertebral bodies of adjacent vertebrae in an articulated vertebral column are joined together by….

A

IVDs

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19
Q

There is a ring surrounding the central cancellous bone on periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the adult vertebral body called the epiphyseal rim. This epiphyseal rim is a remnant of the…

A

anular epiphysis

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20
Q

Projecting posteriorly from the body of the vertebra is a “U” shaped bony structure called the ______________

A

vertebral arch

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21
Q

The vertebral arch is formed by 2 _________ and 2 _______

A

pedicles, laminae

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22
Q

The pedicles form the lateral wall of the vertebral arch, and the lamina form the ___________ wall

A

posterolateral (mostly posterior)

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23
Q

The vertebral arch and the posterior margin of the vertebral body form a large hole called the….

A

vertebral foramen

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24
Q

The vertebral arch and the posterior margin of the vertebral body form a large hole called the vertebral foramen. Adjacent vertebral foramina in the articulated vertebral column form the ______________, which houses the ___________

A

vertebral canal, spinal cord

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25
Q

The 2 ___________ are short stout cylindrical processes (pillars) that project posteriorly from the vertebral body to unite with the laminae

A

pedicles

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26
Q

What forms the lateral wall of the vertebral foramen?

A

the 2 pedicles

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27
Q

The 2 pedicles have notches on their superior and inferior borders providing lateral openings between adjacent vertebrae called the…

A

IVF

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28
Q

The 2 _________ are broad flat plates that fuse in the midline at the posterior aspect of the vertebral foramen to form the posterolateral wall of the vertebral foramen

A

laminae

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29
Q

The portion of the lamina located between the articular processes is called the __________________ of interarticular part of the lamina

A

pars interarticularis

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30
Q

The ________ is a bony process that projects from the posterior side of the vertebral arch at the most posterior point where the 2 laminae fuse. This process varies in length, diameter, and orientation depending upon the vertebral region

A

SP

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31
Q

The bony knobs that can be felt when palpating the midline of someone’s back are the _____ of the SP

A

tips

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32
Q

The 2 ______ are bony processes that project postereolaterally in a horizontal plane at the junction between the lamina and the pedicle

A

TPs

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33
Q

The 2 _______________ and 2 _______________ arise superiorly and inferiorly, respectively from the junction between the lamina and pedicle

A

superior articular surfaces, inferior articular surfaces

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34
Q

The smooth surfaces of the articular processes are called…

A

articular facets

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35
Q

The _____ is located between adjacent vertebral bodies

A

IVD

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36
Q

What are the functions of the IVD?

A

-hold adjacent vertebrae together
-allow for movement between vertebral bodies
-act as a shock absorber as the vertebral column is exposed to compressive forces from gravity

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37
Q

The ______ is a hole on the lateral aspect between adjacent vertebrae in an articulated vertebral column. The IVD and 2 vertebrae each contribute a portion of the borders forming the hole

A

IVF

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38
Q

Spinal nerves and intervertebral veins pass through the _____ to exit the vertebral canal while spinal branches of regional arteries and the recurrent meningeal nerve pass through the _____ to enter the canal

A

IVF, IVF

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39
Q

The pedicle vertebral notches seen in the lateral view of a typical vertebra form the bony portion of the IVF. The _____________ of the pedicle forms the inferior border of the IVF. The ______________ of the pedicle forms the superior border of the IVF

A

superior notch, inferior notch

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40
Q

The ________ does not have a vertebral body or a SP. Instead, it is ring shaped consisting of an anterior and posterior arch

A

atlas/C1

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41
Q

Which cervical vertebra is the widest and provides increased leverage for attached muscles?

A

C1

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42
Q

The atlas has 2 __________ that form joints with occiput above and axis below. The have superior and inferior articular surfaces

A

lateral masses

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43
Q

The atlas has a superior aspect of the lateral masses that is a kidney shaped slightly concave surface called the…

A

superior articular facets

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44
Q

The atlas superior articular facets articulate with the _______________ located on either side of the foramen magnum

A

occipital condyles

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45
Q

The inferior aspect of the atlas lateral masses has an __________________ that articulates with the superior articular facets of C2

A

inferior articular facet

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46
Q

The __________ processes of C1 project laterally off the lateral masses

A

transverse

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47
Q

Within the TPs of the atlas is a hole called the ____________ through which the vertebral artery runs

A

transverse foramen

48
Q

The anterior arch of C1 contains a small, rounded process in the midline on the outer surface of the rings called an….

A

anterior tubercle

49
Q

The inner surface of the anterior arch of C1 has a flat surface in the midline that articulates with the anterior surface of the dens called the….

A

facet for the dens

50
Q

The ______________ of C1 has a small rounded tubercle located on the outer surface of the posterior arch in the midline called the posterior tubercle.

A

posterior arch

51
Q

The posterior arch of C1 corresponds with ________ of typical vertebrae

A

lamina

52
Q

There is a groove on the posterior superior aspect of the posterior arch of C1 called the groove for ___________ that runs just behind the lateral masses. C1 n. also runs in this groove

A

vertebral a.

53
Q

What is the strongest cervical vertebra?

A

C2/axis

54
Q

The C1 vertebrae shaking the head to say no. There are 2 flat surfaces on which atlas rotates called the….

A

superior articular facets of the axis

55
Q

In between the 2 superior articular facets projects a tooth-like process superiorly from the C2 body called the ______ or ____________. It is located anterior to the cord and rests against the facet on the inside surface of the anterior arch of the atlas

A

dens, odontoid process

56
Q

The dens serves as a pivot for…..

A

head rotation

57
Q

The C2 ___________________ is oriented in a nearly horizontal plane and forms a joint with the C3 vertebra

A

inferior articular facet

58
Q

C2 has a large _________ that is palpated deep within nuchal groove

A

bifid SP

59
Q

What are the smallest vertebrae in the spinal column?

A

C3-C7

60
Q

What is the orientation of the C3-C7 articular facets?

A

horizontal/planar

61
Q

Which vertebrae have the greatest range of motion?

A

C3-C7

62
Q

The TPs of C3-C7 have a transverse foramen also called the foramen transversarium through which vertebral arteries and veins travel with the exception of….

A

C7 which only contains veins

63
Q

Where do the TPs of C3-C7 project?

A

laterally from vertebral bodies

64
Q

On the superior surface of the TPs there are 2 tubercles for C3-C7. The anterior and posterior tubercle. What attaches to each tubercle?

A

The anterior tubercle provides attachment for scalene muscles

The posterior tubercle provides attachment for the levator scapulae muscle

64
Q

On the ____ vertebra, the anterior tubercle of the TP is called the carotid tubercle because the carotid artery can be compressed between the anterior tubercle and the body

A

C6

65
Q

Between the transverse tubercles of C3-C7 is the groove for….

A

spinal nerves

66
Q

The C3-C7 typical cervical vertebrae have a large vertebral foramen to accommodate the….

A

cervical enlargement of the cord

67
Q

The elevated superolateral margin of the cervical vertebral bodies is called the….

A

uncinate processes

68
Q

The inferior lateral margin of the cervical vertebrae is inversely reciprocal to the….

A

uncinate processes

69
Q

Each typical cervical vertebrae have a superior and inferior ______________. The flat surface on the face of the articular process is called the _______________

A

articular process, articular facets

70
Q

For the typical cervical vertebrae, the superior articular facet of one vertebra will form a __________________ with the inferior articular facet of another joint

A

zygopophyseal joint

71
Q

The typical cervical vertebrae from C3-C7 have a ______ SP

A

bifid

72
Q

What is another name for C7?

A

vertebral prominens

73
Q

The thoracic vertebrae provide attachment for….

A

ribs

74
Q

Most thoracic articular facets are oriented in which plane? What ROM does this allow?

A

the coronal/frontal plane allows great ROM for rotation but limits lateral flexion and extension

75
Q

___________ are located on the lateral aspect of the vertebral bodies and the tips of the TPs. They function to articulate with ribs. Except for T1, which has a demi facet instead of facet located on the superior lateral margin and inferior lateral margin of the vertebral body. The rib will articulate with the superior demi facet below the rib head and the inferior demi facet will be above the rib head.

A

Costal facets

76
Q

In general, the thoracic SP slopes _________

A

inferiorly

77
Q

Which thoracic vertebra is this?
-atypical
-long almost horizontal SP
-complete costal facet at the superior lateral margin of the vertebral body for articulation with the 1st rib

A

T1

78
Q

T1-T4 share some features of ________ vertebrae

A

cervical

79
Q

_______ have typical features of thoracic vertebrae

A

T5-T8

80
Q

T9-T12 have some features of __________ vertebrae

A

lumbar

81
Q

Which thoracic vertebra is this?
-atypical
-the superior half has thoracic features, such as the superior articular facets are more coronal permitting rotation
-the inferior half has lumbar features such as the inferior facet is more sagittally oriented permitting flexion and extension

A

T12

82
Q

What are the largest vertebrae in the spinal column?

A

lumbar

83
Q

Which vertebrae support the most body weight compared to other vertebrae?

A

lumbar

84
Q

Lumbar vertebrae have large SPs that project….

A

posteriorly

85
Q

The articular facets of L1-L4 are generally oriented in the ________ plane. This orientation facilitates forward and lateral flexion and extension, but prohibits rotation

A

sagittal

86
Q

The L5 vertebra’s superior articular facets face _______ in the sagittal plane and the inferior articular facets face _________ in the coronal plane

A

medially, laterally

87
Q

Which lumbar vertebrae is the largest of ALL moveable vertebrae in the spine?

A

L5

88
Q

What is the function of L5?

A

carries the weight of the upper body and transmits it to the base of the sacrum

89
Q

In the lumbar region, the ______ are small tubercles on the posterior surface of the superior articular processes

A

MPs

90
Q

What shape is the sacrum?

A

triangular wedge shaped bone

91
Q

T/F: the base of the sacrum is the superior surface of the sacrum

A

true

92
Q

The sacrum is composed of ____ vertebrae that fuse in the adult

A

5

93
Q

The sacrum is located between coxal bones and transmits body weight to the….

A

pelvic girdle

94
Q

What is the orientation of the S1 articular facets?

A

coronally

95
Q

T/F: the sacral canal is a continuation of the vertebral canal

A

true

96
Q

The sacral foramina is located on the anterior and posterior aspect of the sacrum and are remnants of the ______. The anterior sacral foramina are larger than the posterior foramina. They provide an exit for the anterior and posterior rami of spinal nerves

test q

A

IVF

97
Q

The lateral region of S1 expand superiorly like a wing and are called….

A

alae

98
Q

Sacral promontory is the ________ projecting edge of S1

A

anterior

99
Q

The apex of the sacrum is at the inferior tip. It has an oval shaped facet that articulates with the….

A

1st coccygeal vertebra

100
Q

The pelvic surface of the sacrum is smooth and ________

A

concave

101
Q

The dorsal surface of the sacrum is rough and convex. It has 5 longitudinal ridges, the _________________ which is a remnant of SPs, 2 ________________________ on each side of the median sacral crest which are a remnants of the articular processes, and 2 ____________________ which are remnant of the TPs

A

median sacral crest, intermediate sacral crests, lateral sacral crests

102
Q

The median sacral crest is a remnant of what?

A

SPs

103
Q

The intermediate sacral crests are a remnant of what?

A

articular processes

104
Q

The lateral sacral crests are a remnant of what?

A

TPs

105
Q

The ___________ is a triangular space at the distal end of the sacrum that leads into the sacral canal. It results from absent laminae and SP of S5

A

sacral hiatus

106
Q

The sacral cornua projects ________ on either side of the sacral hiatus and represents the inferior articular processes of S5. The sacral cornua articulates with Co1 cornua

A

inferiorly

107
Q

The superior part of the lateral surface of the sacrum looks like an auricle or ear so it is named the _____________, which forms synovial joints with the ilium

A

auricular surface

108
Q

The __________ is often referred to as the tail bone

A

coccyx

109
Q

T/F: the coccyx is triangular shaped like the sacrum with the base being formed by the 1st coccygeal vertebrae and the apex formed by the 4th coccygeal vertebrae

A

true

110
Q

Which part of the spinal column does not support body weight when standing but may support some weight while sitting?

A

coccyx

111
Q

Can the coccyx fuse to the sacrum with old age?

A

yes

112
Q

T/F: the pelvic surface of the coccyx is concave and smooth like the sacrum

A

true

113
Q

The posterior surface of the coccyx has rudimentary….

A

articular processes

114
Q

What is the largest coccygeal vertebra?

A

Co1

115
Q

The Co1 ____ are short processes that project laterally from the body of Co1 and connect with the sacrum

A

TPs

116
Q

The rudimentary articular processes of Co1 are called….

A

coccygeal cornua (and they articulate with the sacral cornua)

Spinal Anatomy (12 decks)

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