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Spinal Anatomy > Quiz 3 HW Questions > Flashcards

Quiz 3 HW Questions Flashcards

1
Q

How many primary ossification centers appear in a typical vertebrae during gestation?

A

3

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2
Q

How many bony parts do typical vertebrae contain at birth?

A

3

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3
Q

Which vertebrae are still entirely cartilaginous at birth?

A

All coccygeal

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4
Q

The two halves of the neural/vertebral arch initially fuse with _______________.

A

each other

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5
Q

When do the neural/vertebral arches complete fusion with the centrum?

A

Around the 6th year of life

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6
Q

When do vertebral secondary ossification centers develop?

A

puberty

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7
Q

Where do vertebrae grow in height?

A

From the epiphyseal plates

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8
Q

What remnant structure results from the union between the anular epiphyses and the vertebral body?

A

Epiphyseal rim

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9
Q

The typical vertebrae has ____ secondary ossification centers.

A

5

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10
Q

T/F: Vertebral secondary ossification centers typically fuse by age 18 in both genders.

A

false

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11
Q

Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?

tip of SP

A

secondary ossification center

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12
Q

Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?

centrum

A

primary ossification center

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13
Q

Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?

tip of TP

A

secondary ossification center

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14
Q

Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?

L/R neural arches

A

primary ossification center

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15
Q

Is this a primary or secondary ossification center?

superior and inferior anular epiphyses

A

secondary ossification center

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16
Q

Which region of the spine is located at the most superior aspect of the spinal column?

A

cervical region

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17
Q

Which region of the spine consist of 5 fused vertebral segments in the adult?

A

sacral region

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18
Q

Which region of the spine consist of 12 vertebrae?

A

thoracic region

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19
Q

Which region of the spine is located at the most inferior aspect of the spinal column?

A

coccygeal region

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20
Q

Which region of the spine consist of 5 articulating vertebrae?

A

lumbar region

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21
Q

Which type of spinal column curve projects the convexity in a posterior direction?

A

kyphotic

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22
Q

Which type of spinal column curve is found in the cervical and lumbar regions?

A

lordotic

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23
Q

What is the name if the two bony processes that project posterolaterally in a horizontal plane at the junction between the lamina and the pedicle?

A

transverse process

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24
Q

What is the name of the bony process that projects from the posterior side of the vertebra at the most posterior point of the vertebral arch?

A

spinous process

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25
Q

What is the name of the ring surrounding the central cancellous bone on periphery of the superior and inferior surfaces of the adult vertebral body?

A

epiphyseal rim

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26
Q

What is the name of the process that arises superiorly from the junction between the lamina and pedicle?

A

superior articular process

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27
Q

What is the name of the large, cylindrical somewhat oval-shaped anterior portion of the vertebra?

A

vertebral body

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28
Q

What is the name of smooth surfaces of the articular processes?

A

articular facets

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29
Q

What space is formed by the vertebral arch and the posterior margin of the vertebral body?

A

vertebral foramen

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30
Q

What is the name of the two short stout cylindrical processes that project posteriorly from the vertebral body to unite with the laminae?

A

pedicles

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31
Q

What is the name of the two broad flat plates of bone that fuse in the midline at the posterior aspect of the vertebral arch?

A

laminae

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32
Q

What is the name of the space on the lateral aspect between adjacent vertebrae in an articulated vertebral column that spinal nerves pass through?

A

intervertebral foramen

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33
Q

What is the name of the shape formed by the pedicle that forms the inferior border of the intervertebral foramen?

A

superior notch

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34
Q

What is the name of the vertebrae that is shaped like a ring and does not have a vertebral body or spinous process?

A

atlas

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35
Q

What is the name of the small, rounded process on the outer aspect of the anterior arch of atlas?

A

anterior tubercle

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36
Q

What is the name of the small flat surface located in the midline on the inside of the anterior arch of atlas?

A

facet of dens

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37
Q

What is the name of the kidney-shaped concave surface on the superior aspect of the lateral masses?

A

superior articular facet

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38
Q

What is the name of the small, rounded process located in the center of the posterior arch on the outer surface?

A

posterior tubercle

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39
Q

What is the name of the ring that runs from the posterior aspect of each lateral masses?

A

posterior arch

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40
Q

What is the name of the groove located on the superior aspect of the posterior arch just posterior to the lateral masses?

A

groove for vertebral artery

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41
Q

What is the name of the skull bone that articulates with atlas?

A

occiput

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42
Q

What is the name of the two rounded protuberances located on either side of the foramen magnum?

A

occipital condyles

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43
Q

What is the unique feature of the C2 spinous process?

A

large bifid spinous process

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44
Q

What is the name of the tooth-like structure that projects superiorly from the C2 vertebral body?

A

dens

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45
Q

What is the general plane orientation of the inferior articular facet of C2?

A

horizontal

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46
Q

What is the unique name for the anterior tubercle of the transverse process of C6?

A

carotid tubercle

47
Q

What is the name of the elevated superolateral margins of cervical vertebral bodies?

A

uncinate processes

48
Q

Which vertebral feature forms a zygapophyseal joint?

A

articular facet

49
Q

What is the name of the foramen that vertebral arteries travel?

A

transverse foramen

50
Q

What is the general purpose of the anterior and posterior tubercle of the transverse process?

A

attachment for muscles

51
Q

What is another name for the unique elongated spinous process of C7?

A

vertebral prominens

52
Q

What is the name of the surface on a transverse process that ribs articulate with?

A

costal facets

53
Q

Where is the general location of demi costal facets on the thoracic vertebral body?

54
Q

Which type of vertebrae has their spinous process slope inferiorly?

55
Q

What is the general orientation of thoracic articular facets?

A

coronal plane

56
Q

What is the name of the small tubercle on the posterior surface of the superior articular process of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

mammillary process

57
Q

What is the general plane orientation of the articular facets of L1 – L4?

A

sagittal plane

58
Q

What is the name of the large triangular bone at the inferior aspect of the spinal column?

59
Q

What is the name of the ridge on the posterior surface of sacrum that is a remnant of spinous processes?

A

median sacral crest

60
Q

What is the name of the triangular space at the most distal end of the sacrum that leads into the sacral canal?

A

sacral hiatus

61
Q

What is the remnant of the first coccygeal articular processes?

A

coccygeal cornua

62
Q

What is the name of the space that rami of spinal nerves exit the sacrum?

A

sacral foramina

63
Q

What is the name of the processes that project laterally from the body of Co1?

A

transverse process

64
Q

What is another name for the tail bone?

65
Q

Which coccygeal bone forms the base of the coccyx?

66
Q

Which ligament is the strongest in the cervical region of the spine?

A

nuchal ligament

67
Q

Which ligament facilitates rotation of the medial atlanto-axial joint?

A

transverse ligament

68
Q

Which ligament runs from the lateral margins of the foramen magnum to the sides of the dens?

A

alar ligament

69
Q

Which membranes connects the cranium to atlas?

A

anterior and posterior AO membrane

70
Q

The following describe characteristics of the ligamentum flava EXCEPT:
A) It is the strongest ligament in the cervical spine
B) Assist with straightening the spinal column after flexing
C) Connects the lamina to each other
D) Contains yellow elastin

A

A) It is the strongest ligament in the cervical spine

71
Q

The following describe the nuchal ligament EXCEPT:
A) Runs from the spinous process of C7 to the occiput
B) It is the superior continuation of the supraspinous ligament
C) Assist with cervical extension
D) Provides attachment for muscles

A

C) Assist with cervical extension

72
Q

Which structures can be encircled by a ponticulus posticus?

A

vertebral artery and dorsal rami of the 1st cervical spinal nerve

73
Q

The tectorial membrane is a continuation of the

74
Q

What is the name of the long supporting ligament that runs along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc?

A

posterior longitudinal ligament

75
Q

What soft tissue limits both flexion and extension of the the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

tectorial membrane

76
Q

This ligament extends between the lateral masses of C1 and functions to prevent cord compression during flexion.

A

transverse ligament

77
Q

The cruciate ligament is formed by the ___________ ligament and the the superior and inferior ______________________

A

transverse, longitudinal bands

78
Q

The longitudinal bands of the cruciate ligament primarily function to hold the ___________ ligament in place.

A

transverse

79
Q

The alar ligament’s primary function is to prevent or resist excessive

80
Q

Which ligament attaches the apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum?

A

apical ligament

81
Q

What is the name of the soft tissue that extend from the anterior arch of C1 to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum?

A

anterior atlanto-occipital membrane

82
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that runs from the vertebral arch of C2 to the posterior arch of C1?

A

posterior atlanto-axial membrane

83
Q

Calcification of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament can cause a

A

ponticulus posticus

84
Q

Both the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane and the anterior atlanto-axial membrane blend with the _____________________ ligament

A

anterior longitudinal

85
Q

Which ligament joins the transverse process of L5 to the ilium?

A

iliolumbar ligament

86
Q

Which ligament runs a long continuous band that connects and covers the anterolateral aspect of vertebral bodies and intervertebral disk ?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

87
Q

What is the name of the ligament that connect the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to sacrum?

A

supraspinous ligament

88
Q

What is the name of the ligament that connects the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae?

A

intertransverse ligament

89
Q

What is the name of the weak ligament located between the spinous processes?

A

interspinous ligament

90
Q

Which membrane limits both flexion and extension of the atlanto-occipital joint?

A

tectorial membrane

91
Q

What is the name of the soft tissue structure that joins the vertebral bodies to form a joint?

A

intervertebral disk

92
Q

What is the name of the gelatinous fluid in the center of an intervertebral disc?

A

nucleus pulposus

93
Q

Which structural type of joint is formed between vertebral bodies?

94
Q

What is the functional classification of the joint formed between vertebral bodies?

A

amphiarthrosis

95
Q

What is the name of outer concentric lamellae of fibrocartilage that surrounds the gelatinous mass in an intervertebral disc?

A

anulus fibrosus

96
Q

What is the name of the synovial-like joints that are located between the uncinate processes and beveled inferolateral surface of vertebral bodies?

A

uncovertebral joints

(Genuinely have no idea what this question is, it was a direct copy and paste from her hw)

97
Q

What is the anatomical classification of the vertebral body joints?

A

fibrocartilaginous

98
Q

What is the name of the joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes?

A

zygapophysial

99
Q

What is the anatomical classification of the joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes?

100
Q

What is the functional classification of the joint formed between the superior and inferior articular processes?

A

diarthrotic

101
Q

What type of movement occurs between the articular processes?

102
Q

What is the name of the joint formed between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone?

A

atlanto-occipital joint

103
Q

What is the anatomical classification of the joint formed between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone?

104
Q

What is the functional classification of the joint formed between the first cervical vertebra and the occipital bone?

A

diarthrotic

105
Q

What is the specific name of the joint formed between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1?

A

median atlanto-axial

106
Q

What is the name of the joint formed between the inferior facets of the lateral masses of C1 and the superior facets of C2?

A

lateral atlanto-axial

107
Q

What is the anatomical classification of the joint formed between the inferior facets of the lateral masses of C1 and the superior facets of C2?

108
Q

What is the functional classification of the joint formed between the dens of C2 and the anterior arch of C1?

A

diarthrosis

109
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint is anatomically classified as a ___________ joint and functionally classified as a _______________ joint

A

synovial, diarthrodial

110
Q

Which spinal column joint connects the axial skeleton to the inferior appendicular skeleton?

A

sacro-iliac

111
Q

Which ligament joins the transverse process of L5 to the ilium?

A

iliolumbar

112
Q

The synovial portion of the sacroiliac joint is located between the ___________ surface and ilium.

113
Q

The functional classification of the posterior part of the sacroiliac joint is __________________ and the anatomical classification is __________

A

synarthrosis, fibrous

114
Q

What is the functional classification of the anterior part of the sacroiliac joint?

A

amphiarthrosis

Spinal Anatomy (12 decks)

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