Quiz 2 HW questions Flashcards
Which nerve innervates vertebral zygapophyseal (articular facet) joints?
Medial branch of the posterior rami
The ________________ form nerve plexuses
ventral rami
From which cord level does the C5 spinal nerve emerge?
C5
Between which vertebral segments does the T8 spinal nerve exit the IVF?
T8/T9
The _____________________ receives proprioception information from intervertebral disc at each level of the spine.
recurrent meningeal nerve
How are spinal cord levels named?
A cord level is named for the spinal nerve that forms from that segment
How are spinal nerves named in the cervical region?
With the exception of C8 they are named for the vertebrae they exit above
Which spinal nerve ramus forms intercostal nerves?
Ventral
All of the following contain sensory neurons EXCEPT:
A) Corticospinal tract
B) Dorsal white column
C) Spinothalamic tract
D) Spinocerebellar tract
A) Corticospinal tract
What action does the tectospinal tract cause in response to visual stimuli?
Rotation of cervical spine
What sensation would be diminished if the fasciculus gracilis tract were damaged?
The ability to precisely locate where touched
Where are visceral (SANS) motor cell bodies located in the spinal cord?
lateral horn
Which tract transmits pain and temperature sensation?
Spinothalamic tract
Which type of neurons synapse in the ventral horn?
Upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons
What tissue surrounds the central canal?
Grey commissure
All of the following tracts decussate in the cord EXCEPT:
A) Corticospinal
B) Spinocerebellar
C) Dorsal white column
D) Spinothalamic
B) Spinocerebellar
Which structure is formed by the dura and arachnoid mater?
Dural sac
Which structure tethers the cord to the coccyx?
Filum terminale
Which pair of arteries supplies the spinal cord directly?
Anterior and posterior spinal arteries
Which segmental artery supplies the vertebrae and cord in the thoracic region?
Posterior intercostal artery
The _____________ arteries form the anterior spinal artery.
vertebral
Where is the anterior spinal artery located?
median fissure
Which structure do the equatorial arteries supply?
vertebral body
Which arteries supply blood to the anterior and posterior spinal arteries?
Anterior and posterior medullary arteries
The anterior and posterior spinal arteries run the length of the cord form the ___________________ to the ___________________
medulla oblongata, conus medullaris
Which vessels drain the vertebral bodies?
Basivertebral veins
Which vascular plexuses are located within epidural fat?
Internal anterior vertebral venous plexus and Internal posterior vertebral plexus
All of the following structures are found traveling through the IVF EXCEPT:
A) Spinal branches
B) Intervertebral veins
C) Segmental veins
D) Spinal nerves
C) Segmental veins
The anterior spinal artery gives rise to the ________ arteries that supply blood to the interior of the cord.
sulcal
Which vessel is drained by the anterior internal and external vertebral venous plexuses?
Basivertebral veins
Which vessel is drained by segmental veins?
Intervertebral veins
Which arteries supply blood to nerve roots?
Anterior and posterior radicular arteries
Which arteries supply blood to vertebral red marrow?
Nutrient a.
Which nerve innervates skin over the spinous process?
Medial branch of the posterior rami
Which nerve emerges from the ventral rami distal to the intervertebral foramen and reenters the intervertebral foramen?
Recurrent meningeal nerve
The spinal cord is tethered to the coccyx by the….
filum terminale
The spinal dural sac is formed by the _______ and __________ mater
dura, arachnoid
What is the name of the structure that wraps around the nerve roots and blends with the epineurium as they exit the IVF?
dural root sheath
Trabeculae located in the subarachnoid space are formed from….
arachnoid mater
What is the name of the enlargement of the subarachnoid space at the distal end of the dural sac?
lumbar cistern
What structure formed by pia mater secures the spinal cord to the dural sac?
denticulate ligaments
The spinal cord has a ___________ enlargement and a ____________ enlargement
cervical, lumbosacral
The ventral gray horn is responsible for spinal cord ______________
enlargements
Where are interneuron cell bodies found?
dorsal horn
Where are somatic motor neuron cell bodies found?
ventral horn
Where are sympathetic motor neuron cell bodies found?
lateral horn
What is the general name for tracts carrying sensory information?
Ascending tracts
What is the general name for tracts carrying motor information?
Descending tracts
Which pathway is in charge of discriminative touch and vibration?
Fasciculus gracilic
Which pathway is in charge of joint proprioception?
Fasciculus cuneatus
Which tract is in charge of subconscious proprioceptive signals from skeletal muscles and tendons?
Spinocerebellar tract
Which tract transmits pain and temp signals?
Spinothalamic tract
Which tract sends voluntary motor signals to skeletal muscle?
Corticospinal tract
Which two tracts undergo excitation and inhibition of antigravity muscles to control equilibrium?
Reticulospinal tract and Vestibulospinal tract
What tract mediates head movements in response to visual or auditory stimuli?
Tectospinal tract
The descending motor pathways consists of a __________ motor neuron and a ___________ motor neuron.
upper, lower
The ascending sensory pathway involves ____ neurons
3
The anterior and posterior longitudinal spinal arteries are formed from the ______________ arteries. However, the posterior spinal artery can also arise from the __________________________
vertebral, posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Longitudinal spinal arteries are dependent on these vessels to directly receive blood at multiple segmental levels?
Medullary arteries
The spinal arteries run form the _____________ to the _________________
medulla oblongata, conus medullaris
The anterior spinal artery runs down the length of the spinal cord in the anterior _____________________
median fissue
Which vessel emerges from the anterior spinal artery to supply the cross-sectional area of the cord?
sulcal arteries
Which vessels bifurcate off of the spinal branch artery to supply blood to spinal nerve roots?
Radicular arteries
What is the name of the largest medullary artery located on the anterior aspect of the lumbosacral cord enlargement?
great anterior segmental medullary artery of Adamkiewicz
Which veins form the venous plexuses?
spinal veins
What are the three main arteries that supply blood to the vertebrae?
1) equatorial a.
2) nutrient a.
3) periosteal a.
What type of bone tissue is supplied by nutrient arteries?
red marrow
Which vessels drain waste from the spinal veins?
medullary veins and radicular veins
Which vessels are located within the epidural fat?
anterior internal vertebral venous plexus and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus
Which venous plexuses do the basivertebral vein drain into?
anterior internal venous plexus and anterior external venous plexus
Where is the basivertebral vein located?
vertebral body
Which vessels run through the intervertebral foramen?
spinal branch artery and intervertebral artery
