Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Spinal Anatomy > Final practice questions > Flashcards

Final practice questions Flashcards

1
Q

When does gastrulation occur in gestation?

A

3rd week of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What event signals the onset of gastrulation?

A

formation of the primitive streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the primary goal of gastrulation?

A

establish the 3 primary germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which surface of the embryonic disc does the primitive streak appear?

A

dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which end of the embryonic disc does the primitive streak first appear?

A

caudal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which structure establishes the major axis of the embryo?

A

primitive streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which end is the primitive node located?

A

cephalic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What causes the elongation of the primitive streak?

A

epiblast cells migrating through the streak into the median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is invagination during gastrulation?

A

migration of epiblast cells through the primitive streak into the median plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does the hypoblast layer become?

A

the endoderm layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in the epiblast cells that invaginate after the hypoblast layer has been displaced?

A

they differentiate into mesoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What germ layer does the epiblast layer become after the mesoderm layer has formed?

A

ectoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the result of invagination?

A

3 primary germ layers are formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What germ layers are produced during gastrulation?

A

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which germ layer gives rise to the epithelial lining of the digestive tract?

A

endoderm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which embryonic tissue gives rise to the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm?

A

epiblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which event initiates the development of the notochord?

A

aggregation of mesoderm cells immediately beneath the primitive streak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Around which embryonic structure do vertebral bodies eventually form?

A

notochord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the remnant of the notochord in the developed vertebral column?

A

nucleus pulposus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

When in utero does neurulation occur?

A

around the 3rd week

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the ultimate goal of neurulation?

A

formation of the brain and spinal cord

22
Q

Which primary germ layer gives rise to the brain and spinal cord during neurulation?

A

ectoderm

23
Q

What triggers neurulation?

A

chemical signals from the notochord

24
Q

What cells develop at the lateral margins of the neural plate?

A

neural crest cells

25
Q

As the neural groove deepens, it forms _____________

A

neural folds

26
Q

When do somites disappear?

A

during neurulation as the neural tube is forming

27
Q

What type of embryonic tissue forms neural crest cells?

A

ectoderm and neuroectoderm (ectoderm is general answer, neuroectoderm is specific answer)

28
Q

What structure gives rise to neural crest cells?

A

neural plate

29
Q

What nervous system structures do neural crest cells form?

A

PNS, ganglia, glia cells, meninges

30
Q

How does the neural tube form?

A

neural folds fuse with each other in the midline

31
Q

When do the neural folds begin to close to form the neural tube?

A

in week 4

32
Q

Which region on the trilaminar disc does the neural tube initially close?

A

cervical

33
Q

When is neurulation complete?

A

when the caudate pore closes

34
Q

What does the cranial/rostral end of the neural tube become?

A

brain

35
Q

What does the portion distal to the cranial/rostral end of the neural tube become?

A

spinal cord

36
Q

When does development of the vertebral column occur in the embryo?

A

during the 4th week of development

37
Q

Which portion of the embryonic vertebrae does the sclerotome become that surrounds the notochord?

A

centrum (which becomes the vertebral body after ossification)

38
Q

Which portion of the embryonic vertebrae does the sclerotome become that surrounds the neural tube?

A

neural arch (which becomes the vertebral arch after ossification)

39
Q

Which embryonic structure forms the nucleus pulposus?

A

remnant of notochord

40
Q

What type of embryonic tissue gives rise to neuroblast cells?

A

neuroepithelial cells

41
Q

What type of cell give rise to gray mater?

A

neuroblast cells

42
Q

When do the clusters of gray matter appear in the primordial spinal cord?

A

around the 6th week of development

43
Q

What are the names of the 2 clusters of gray matter in embryonic spinal cord?

A

alar plate and basal plate

44
Q

What type of cells give rise to the alar and basal plates of the primordial spinal cord?

A

neuroblast cells

45
Q

Interneuron cell bodies are found in the _________ cluster of gray matter and motor neuron cell bodies are found in the _________ cluster of gray matter of the developing spinal cord

A

alar, basal

46
Q

Which vertebral structures begin to fuse during the first year of life?

A

neural arches

47
Q

What is the name of the nerve that innervates the vertebral column?

A

recurrent meningeal n.

48
Q

What types of fibers are found in recurrent meningeal nerves?

A

both sensory and motor fibers

49
Q

What are the names of the 2 branches that come off the dorsal rami?

A

medial branch and lateral branch

50
Q

What are the names of the 3 connective tissue membranes that protect the spinal cord and nerve roots?

A

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

51
Q

What is the name of the structure that wraps around nerve roots as they exit the IVF?

A

dural root sheath

52
Q

What space is found between the vertebral periosteum and the dura mater?

A

epidural space

Spinal Anatomy (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions