Verbs Flashcards

1
Q

Lead, bring

What is the aorist?

A

ἀγω

It has a second aorist: ἠγαγον

The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀγαγ-

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2
Q

Hear, listen to

What is the future and aorist passive?

What is the perfect active?

A

ἀκουω

The content of the thing listened to is in accusative; the person/object making the sound you are listening to is in genitive. So when you say ‘I listen to Jesus’, Jesus would be in genitive. If you saw ‘I listen to the words of Jesus’, the ‘words’ would be in accusative and ‘Jesus’ in genitive. So:

  • ἀκουω + gen = person
  • ἀκουω + acc = thing heard

Future passive: ἀκουσθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἠκουσθην

Perfect active: ἀκηκοα

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3
Q

Throw

What is the aorist?

What is the future tense?

What is the future and aorist passives?

A

βαλλω

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐβαλον

This verb is a liquid verb (also with a 2nd aorist for aorist tense), so it’s future tense is: βαλεω (uncontracted for clarity - if contracted would be βαλω). Will have middle voice/deponent endings.

Future passive: βληθησοαμι

Aorist passive: ἐβληθην

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4
Q

See, watch

A

βλεπω

Remember, θεωρεω means to ‘look at’ or ‘gaze at’, so similar meaning

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5
Q

Teach

A

διδασκω

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6
Q

Have, hold

Is the future, imperfect, and aorist tense the standard paradigm?

A

ἐχω

Note the different tenses are unusual for this verb and does not follow the normal rules:

  • Future: ἑξω (note the rough breathing)
  • Imperfect: εἰχον
  • Aorist (this is a second aorist): ἐσχον. The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): σχ-
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7
Q

Take, receive

What is the aorist?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

λαμβανω

Remember that δεχομαι (deponent verb) also means to ‘receive’

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐλαβον

Future passive: λημφθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐλημφθην

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8
Q

Say, speak, tell

What is the aorist?

What is important about the 2nd aorist of this verb?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

λεγω

λεγω + acc = the thing spoken

λεγω + dative = the person/people that is spoken to

It has a second aorist: εἰπον

  • In the 2nd aorist of this verb in other moods (other than indicative), the ἐ is not removed and the stem remains as εἰπ-. So the stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods) is εἰπ-.
  • It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, εἰπαν rather than εἰπον for 3rd person plural indicative.

Future passive: ῥεθησομαι or ῥηθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐρρεθην or ἐρρηθην

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9
Q

Untie

A

λυω

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10
Q

Seek

A

ζητεω

E-contract verb

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11
Q

Call

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

καλεω

E-contract verb

When changing to the future or aorist tense, this verb is irregular as the episilon doesn’t change to ‘eta’ and remains as epsilon. ‘Kaleo’ is the only verb that does that.

Future passive: κληθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐκληθην

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12
Q

Speak, say

A

λαλεω

E-contract verb

λαλεω + acc = the thing spoken

λαλεω + dative = the person/people that is spoken to

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13
Q

Do, make

A

ποιεω

E-contract verb

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14
Q

Keep

A

τηρεω

E-contract verb

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15
Q

Love, like

A

φιλεω

E-contract verb

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16
Q

Believe

A

πιστευω

+ dative

The direct object of ‘I believe’ is written in dative, not accusative. Eg, ‘They believe in God’ = πισευουσιν τῳ θεῳ

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17
Q

look up, receive sight

A

ἀναβλεπω

Compound verb

ἀνα is a rare preposition meaning ‘upwards’ or ‘again’

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18
Q

Set free, divorce, dismiss

A

ἀπολυω

Compound verb

Intensified meaning from simply ‘untie’. Means to liberate, give freedom.

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19
Q

Drive out, cast out, throw out

What is the aorist?

A

ἐκβαλλω

Compound verb

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐξεβαλον

-In the unaugmented form (for other moods), the stem is ἐκβαλ-

It is also a liquid verb, so the future tense is: ἐκβαλεω (ε is uncontracted for clarity)

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20
Q

call upon, name

A

ἐπικαλεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Memory tip: epi = onto, so you are ‘calling onto’

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21
Q

dwell, inhabit, live

A

κατοικεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

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22
Q

exhort, request, comfort, encourage

A

παρακαλεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Memory tip: παρα means beside, so you are next to them comforting/encouraging/exhorting/requesting them

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23
Q

take, receive (increased intensity eg, into one’s personal space or home)

A

παραλαμβανω

Compound verb

Memory: Intensified meaning from simply ‘take/receive’. It means to receive/take into one’s personal space, home, etc. Gives a sense of deep intimacy. This intensity is conveyed by παρα which indicates intimacy and close proximity as it means ‘beside/alongside’

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24
Q

walk about, live

A

περιπατεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Memory tip: περι indicates around/about, so if you imagine drawing a circle and living in it, it is kind of like ‘living among them’ ‘walking about’

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25
worship
προσκυνεω **+ dative** Compound verb E-contract verb **Note how this verb demands a _dative_ after it, similar to πιστευω** κυνεω is not really used on its own, but it has meaning of 'to bow down'
26
gather, bring together
συναγω Compound verb Memory tip: taking the preposition and verb together, literally translates to 'together, lead'. So 'leading together' would = gather/bring together
27
depart
ὑπαγω Compound verb Memory tip: it is ὑπο + αγω which means 'lead down' which kind of feels like 'lead away' ie, depart.
28
How do you express the negative for verbs in the indicative form?
Add ού (=not) in front of the verb. If the first letter of the next word is a vowel with smooth breathing: ούκ If the first letter of the next word is a vowel with rough breathing: οὐχ
29
I am
εἰμι
30
You are (singular)
εἰ
31
He/she/it is
ἐστι(ν)
32
We are
ἐσμεν
33
You are (plural)
ἐστε
34
They are
εἰσι(ν)
35
How do you differentiate 'if' from 'you are' (singular)?
36
Open
ἀνοιγω Think: it sounds like 'annoy' - if you **opened** a vampire casket, the vampire would be very annoyed!
37
Reveal, uncover
ἀποκαλυπτω Think '**apocalyp**se'
38
Bapitise, dip
βαπτιζω Sounds like 'baptise'
39
Write What are the future and aorist passives?
γραφω Think 'a**graph**ia' '**graph**' 'biblio**graph**y' The **content** of what is written is in the **accusative**, and the **recipient** of the writing is in the **dative**. Future passive: γραφησομαι Aorist passive: ἐγραφην
40
Persecute, pursue
διωκω
41
Praise, glorify
δοξαζω Think back to noun 'δοξα'
42
Proclaim, preach
κηρυσσω The Greek word for 'proclamation' is '**kery**gma'
43
Cry out
κραζω Sounds like 'cry' Note, when converting this word into future or aorist tense, it behaves like κρασσω ie, rather than the ζ becoming σ, it becomes ξ
44
Send
πεμπω Kind of sounds like 'penpal' where you **send** letters to each other
45
Convince, persuade
πειθω Think: you need to '**pay** forward your **tho**ughts' to convince or persuade someone
46
save, rescue, heal What are the future and aorist passives?
σωζω (sometimes written as σῳζω) Think '**so**teriology' - soteriology is the doctrine of salvation Future passive: σωθησομαι Aorist passive: ἐσωθην
47
I exist, I am
ὑπαρχω Think of it as a combination of ὑπερ + ἀρχη. Which is 'above' + 'beginning', so combined its like an 'upgraded/transcendent beginning' so you don't just 'begin' but you actually 'exist' or 'be' -\> remember God said that 'I am who I am', which is to say that God exists beyond the limitations of space and time, and has no beginning and end.
48
ask (for)
αἰτεω E-contract verb Think: '**aeti**ology' αἰτεω is followed by a double accusative - both **the person asked** and **what is asked** for occur in the accusative eg, αἰτω τον θεον ζωην (I ask God for life)
49
Speak well of Bless Praise
εὐλογεω E-contract verb 'eu' usually means something good Think: 'eulogy' Looks like a compound verb but **does not behave like a compound**.
50
Give thanks
εὐχαριστεω E-contract verb 'eu' usually means something good Think: 'eucharist' Looks like a compound verb but **does not behave like a compound.**
51
Build (up)
οἰκοδομεω E-contract verb Think: the start is like οἰκος, and δομεω sounds like 'domestic' which makes sense because you can **build up** a house with all the domestic stuff inside it. Looks like a compound verb but **does not behave like a compound.**
52
Take heed of Pay attention to
προσεχω **+ dative** Not an E-contract verb Compound verb
53
What is the first person singular form of ἐχω in the future, imperfect, and aorist tense?
These variations are irregular from standard future, imperfect, and aorist changes. Future: ἑξω (note the rough breathing) Imperfect: εἰχον Aorist: ἐσχον
54
I wish/I want to
θελω Tenses are slightly irregular - Imperfect: ἠθελον - Future: θελησω - Aorist: ἠθελησα
55
It is necessary to What is the imperfect form? What is often the more fluent/sensible translation?
δει Only occurs in 3rd person singular (called 'impersonal verbs') The imperfect form is ἐδει - ('it was necessary') It is often sensible to rephrase/translate 'it is necessary' (which you hardly ever say in English) to some form of 'must'. **Note: there is no word in Greek for 'must' - δει is used instead.**
56
I intend to/I am about to
μελλω
57
It is permitted to/It is lawful to
ἐξεστι / ἐξεστιν Only occurs in 3rd person singular (called 'impersonal verbs')
58
I follow
ἀκολουθεω + dative E-contract verb Think '**acol**yte' - someone who is a follower or assistant
59
I lead up, restore
ἀναγω 'ανα' is kind of like a prefix that indicates 'up' (eg, αναβλεπω) + αγω
60
I bind, tie up
δεω
61
I think, seem
δοκεω E-contract verb Think 'docetic' where in docetism, Jesus only seemed to be human.
62
I have mercy on, pity
ἐλεεω E-contract verb
63
I look at/I gaze at
θεωρεω E-contract verb Think '**theor**y' - to come up with a theory you need to ***look into*** a subject
64
I make ineffective, abolish, annull
καταργεω E-contract verb Sounds like to 'cut' down -\> abolish
65
I bear witnesss, testify
μαρτυρεω E-contract verb Think '**martyr**' who is bearing witness to Jesus by their death
66
I repent, change my mind
μετανοεω E-contract verb Think: 'μετα' (after) 'νο' (transliterated as 'no') -\> "**after**, I am going to say **no** to sin!"
67
Which verbs take on the dative?
πιστευω προσκυνεω ακολουθεω προσεχω ἐγγιζω παραγγελλω διακονεω ἀποκρινομαι
68
I come, go What is the aorist?
ἐρχομαι Middle voice/deponent verb It has a second aorist: ἠλθον - Notice how in the aorist it now takes the **active voice** imperfect endings, no longer the middle voice/deponent endings. - The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἐλθ- - It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, ἠλθατε rather than ἠλθετε for the indicative 2nd person plural (note how this is not imperative, as it still has the ἐ augment; the unaugmented form is ἐλθατε/ἐλθετε).
69
I depart, go away
ἀπερχομαι Compount verb (apo + erchomai) Middle voice/deponent verb Remember ὑπαγω also means depart
70
I cross over
διερχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb
71
I go into, enter
εἰσερχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: εἰς is the preposition for 'into'.
72
I go out, go away
ἐξερχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: the prefix ἐξ sounds like '**ex**it'
73
I go by, pass by
παρερχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: the preposition παρα means 'beside' 'alongside', which is consistent with the meaning 'go by' 'pass by'
74
I come to, go to, **approach**
προσερχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: προς is the preposition 'to/towards'
75
I come together
συνερχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: συν is the preposition for 'together'
76
I touch
ἁπτομαι + genitive Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: the word 'haptics' is describing how hard to touch something is eg, iPhone screens. Also think 'haptoglobin' as it carries the heme in the circulation after haemolysis.
77
I refuse, deny
ἀρνεομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: ἀρνε sounds like '아니' which means 'no' in Korean.
78
I begin, rule/govern/command
ἀρχομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Think of the feminine noun ἀρχη which means 'beginning'
79
I greet
ἀσπαζομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: soundslike **As**t**a** (just replace the 't' with 'p') from Black Clover, who is very cheerful and will **greet** everyone he meets.
80
I receive
δεχομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: sounds like 'deck' or 'dock' where shipping containers are **received**
81
I work
ἐργαζομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Think of the neuter noun **εργ**ον which means 'work'
82
I proclaim good news
εὐαγγελιζομαι Compound verb εὐ - ἀγγελιζομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: εὐαγγελιον means 'good news/gospel'
83
I calculate, consider
λογιζομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: sounds like '**logi**c' which you need to **calculate** or **consider** things carefully
84
I pray
προσευχομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: **προσ** is also in the Greek verb 'worship' indicating something spiritual, and **ευ** is usually in front of things that are good (eg, **εὐ**αγγελιον, **εὐχ**αριςτεω). So spiritual + good = prayer.
85
I summon
προσκαλεομαι Compound verb Middle voice/deponent verb Memory tip: **προσ** means 'to/towards' and **καλε**ω means 'call', so 'call to/towards' = summon
86
I rescue
ῥυομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Note the rough breathing
87
I will be
ἐσομαι
88
You will be (singular)
ἐσῃ
89
He/she/it will be
ἐσται
90
We will be
ἐσομεθα
91
You will be (plural)
ἐσεσθε
92
They will be
ἐσονται
93
I was
ἠμην
94
You were (singular)
ἠς or ἠσθα
95
He/she/it was
ἠν
96
We were
ἠμεν or ἠμεθα
97
You were (plural)
ἠτε
98
They were
ἠσαν
99
To be (infinitive)
εἰναι
100
Being (present participle, masculine nominative) - singular - plural
- ὠν - ὀντες
101
What is the problem with the verbs ἐρχομαι and ἀρχομαι?
They look identical in the imperfect form. So to distinguish them you need to look at the context and see what fits better. Also note that the Future & Aorist tense of ἐρχομαι (and its compounds) are **irregular**.
102
I approach, come near
ἐγγιζω + dative Note the pronounciation will have a 'ν' due to the double γγ -\> ἐ(ν)γγιζω Note it has the same root as 'ἐγγυς' which means 'near'
103
I lead
ἡγεομαι Middle voice/deponent verb Think: '**hege**mony'
104
I am amazed
θαυμαζω
105
I heal
θεραπευω Think '**therapeu**tics'
106
I sleep
καθευδω Think about the '**cath** lab', where you need to **cathe**terise someone for an angiogram - you need to put them to **sleep** before you do so!
107
Sin (as a verb) What is the aorist?
ἁμαρτανω It has a 2nd aorist: ἡμαρτον The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀμαρτ-
108
Die (as a verb) What is the aorist? What is the future tense?
ἀποθνῃσκω It has a 2nd aorist: ἀπεθανον The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀποθαν- This verb is a liquid verb (also with a 2nd aorist for aorist tense), so it's future tense is: ἀποθανεομαι (uncontracted for clarity - if contracted would be ἀποθανουμαι). Will have middle voice/deponent endings.
109
Find What is the aorist?
εὑρισκω It has a 2nd aorist: εὑρον The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): εὑρ- (not much change!) Think: '**eur**eka!'
110
Leave What is the aorist?
καταλειπω It has a 2nd aorist: κατελιπον The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): καταλιπ-
111
Learn What is the aorist?
μανθανω It has a 2nd aorist: ἐμαθον
112
Suffer What is the aorist?
πασχω It has a 2nd aorist: ἐπαθον (think '**path**ology')
113
Drink What is the aorist?
πινω (think '**pino**t noir') It has a 2nd aorist: ἐπιον
114
Flee What is the aorist?
φευγω (think '**feu**dal lords' who would flee from battle) It has a 2nd aorist: ἐφυγον
115
Go Does this word occur by itself? What is the aorist?
βαινω No, it only occurs in compounds: καταβαινω & ἀναβαινω It has a second aorist, which is a bit unusual. See attached photo.
116
Know What is the aorist?
γινωσκω It has a second aorist ἐγν-ων, but the endings are a bit unusual. See attached image.
117
Fall What is the aorist?
πιπτω (Think of 't**ip**sy' people are the ones that fall over) It has a second aorist: ἐπεσον
118
Become, happen What is the aorist?
γινομαι Deponent verb/middle voice It has a second aorist ἐγενομην (will follow deponent endings)
119
Eat What is the aorist?
ἐσθιω (think '**es**ki' which stores cold food!) It has a second aorist: ἐφαγον
120
See What is the aorist? What is the unaugmented form (ie, to be used in moods other than indicative)? What are the future and aorist passives? What is the perfect active?
ὁραω (think in Japanese, when they want someone to come look at something, they say '**hora**!') It has a second aorist: εἰδον - The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἰδ-. So in the unaugmented form, the stem is ἰδ- - It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, εἰδαν rather than εἰδον for 3rd person plural indicative. Future passive: ὀφθησομαι Aorist passive: ὠφθην (these passive changes sound similar to '**ophth**almology') Perfect active: ἑωρακα (the ε is not an augment, but a reduplication, so will remain in other moods)
121
Carry, bear What is the aorist? What are the future and aorist passives?
φερω It has a second aorist: ἠνεγκον (think '**enig**ma') - The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἐνεγκ- - It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, ἠνεγκαν rather than ἠνεγκον for 3rd person plural indicative. Future passive: ἐνεχθησομαι Aorist passive: ἠνεχθην
122
Arrive, standby What is the aorist?
παραγινομαι Middle voice/deponent verb It has a second aorist: - παρεγενομην (if in the indicative, remember will have deponent endings in the imperfect tense for the indicative mood) - παραγεν- (if in other moods, it is παρα- not παρε- as it no longer has the ἐ augment; remember it will have deponent endings in the present tense for the other moods - for example the aorist imperative will be παραγενου in the 2nd person singular and παραγενεσθε 2nd person plural)
123
Go down What is the aorist?
καταβαινω It is a compound verb with βαινω It has a second aorist which has unusual endings. See attached image.
124
Go up What is the aorist?
ἀναβαινω Compound verb with βαινω It has a second aorist which has unusual endings. See attached image.
125
Read What is the aorist?
ἀναγινωσκω It is a compound verb with γινωσκω It has a second aorist with unusual endings. See attached image.
126
Recognise, perceive What is the aorist?
ἐπιγινωσκω It is a compound verb with γινωσκω It has a second aorist which has unusual endings. See attached image.
127
Sow What is the future & aorist tense? What are the future and aorist passives?
σπειρω It is a liquid verb: - Future: σπερεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be σπερω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἐσπειρα Future passive: σπαρησομαι Aorist passive: ἐσπαρην
128
Raise up, wake What is the future & aorist tense? What is the future and aorist passives?
ἐγειρω It is a liquid verb: - Future: ἐγερεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἐγερω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἠγειρα Future passive: ἐγερθησομαι Aorist passive: ἠγερθην
129
Kill What is the future & aorist tense? What are the future and aorist passives?
ἀποκτεινω It is a liquid verb: - Future: ἀποκτενεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀποκτενω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἀπεκτεινα Future passive: ἀποκτανθησομαι Future aorist: ἀπεκτανθην
130
Lift up, take away What is the future & aorist tense? What is the stem in the aorist in moods other than indicative?
αἰρω It is a liquid verb: - Future: ἀρεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀρω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἠρα (note the aorist stem for other moods is ἀρ-, as the ἐ augment is removed. So for example, the plural aorist participle is ἀραντες)
131
Send out What is the future & aorist tense? What are the future and aorist passives?
ἀποστελλω It is a liquid verb: - Future: ἀποστελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀποστελω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἀπεστειλα Future passive: ἀποσταλησομαι Aorist passive: ἀπεσταλην
132
Announce What is the future & aorist tense?
ἀγγελλω It is a liquid verb: - Future: ἀγγελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀγγελω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἠγγειλα Very rarely occurs on its own. Usually in compound verb of ἀπαγγελλω and παραγγελλω.
133
Order What is the future & aorist tense?
παραγγελλω + dative Compound verb It is a liquid verb: - Future: παραγγελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be παραγγελω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: παρηγγειλα
134
Report, announce What is the future & aorist tense?
ἀπαγγελλω Compound verb. It is a liquid verb: - Future: ἀπαγγελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀπαγγελω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἀπηγγειλα
135
Remain What is the future & aorist tense? How do you differentiate some of the present and future tense words?
μενω It is a liquid verb: - Future: μενεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be μενω in 1st person singular). Note how there is no change in stem. - Aorist: ἐμεινα 4 out of 6 of the future tense paradigm will be the same as the present tense paradigm. The way to differentiate is that a liquid verb has a **circumflex accent** only if it is in the **future**.
136
Judge, decide What is the future & aorist tense? How do you differentiate some of the present and future tense words?
κρινω It is a liquid verb: - Future: κρινεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be κρινω in 1st person singular). Note how there is no change in stem. - Aorist: ἐκρινα 4 out of 6 of the future tense paradigm will be the same as the present tense paradigm. The way to differentiate is that a liquid verb has a circumflex accent only if it is in the future.
137
Owe What is the future & aorist tense?
ὀφειλω It is a liquid verb: - Future: ὀφελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ὀφελω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ὠφειλα
138
Rejoice What is the future & aorist tense? What does the imperative mean?
χαιρω (Remember χαρα is joy) It is a liquid verb: - Future: χαρεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be χαρω in 1st person singular) - Aorist: ἐχαιρα Usually the imperatives χαιρε and χαιρετε mean 'Greetings!'
139
Look! Behold!
ἰδου Kind of like an imperative form of ὁραω/εἰδον
140
Bring to, offer What is the aorist?
προσφερω (Compound verb with φερω) It has a 2nd aorist: προσηνεγκον -In its unaugmented form (for other moods), the stem is προσενεγκ-
141
buy
ἀγοραζω Think: '**agora**phobia'
142
blaspheme
βλασφημεω E-contract verb
143
serve
διακονεω + dative E-contract verb Think: 'deacon'
144
consider, argue, discuss
διαλογιζομαι Middle/deponent voice Think: 'dialogue'
145
hope
ἐλπιζω
146
prepare, make ready
ἑτοιμαζω
147
grasp, arrest
κρατεω E-contract verb Think: 'autocratic'
148
hate
μισεω E-contract verb Think: **mis**anthropic
149
test, tempt
πειραζω
150
do
πρασσω Remember: ποιεω means 'do' or 'make'
151
prophesy
προφητευω
152
cause to fall/sin/stumble
σκανδαλιζω Think: 'scandal'
153
subject
ὑποτασσω Remember: ὑπο + gen = 'by the hands of'. The verb 'subject' has a similar feel to it.
154
guard
φυλασσω Means 'guard' in active voice Means 'be on guard' in middle voice. Eg, φυλασσομαι = 'I am on my guard', rather than 'I guard' Think: 'pro**phylax**is'
155
call/call out
φωνεω E-contract verb Remember: φωνη means 'voice' or 'sound'
156
give freely
χαριζομαι Middle/deponent voice
157
turn turn (back) turn back, return What are the future and aorist passives?
στρεφω ἐπιστρεφω ὑποστρεφω Future passive: στραφησομαι, ἐπιστραφησομαι, ὑποστραφησομαι Aorist passive: ἐστραφην, ἐπεστραφην, ὑπεστραφην
158
shine, appear What are the future and aorist passives?
φαινω Means 'I appear' in the passive form; 'I shine' in the active form. Future passive: φανησομαι Aorist passive: ἐφανην Think: '**phen**omenon' '**phan**tom' 'epi**phan**y'
159
answer
ἀποκρινομαι **+ dative** This verb is a **passive deponent** (but only in the aorist tense) to be active in meaning. It takes on the middle voice in the future tense. Present: ἀποκρινομαι Future: ἀποκρινουμαι (middle voice - this is middle form, and in this middle form, rather than adding σ, ε is added instead in the future tense so that it becomes an e-contract verb (like the liquid verbs eg, κρινω -\> κρινεω for future tense). Aorist: ἀπεκριθην (passive deponent - passive ending but active in meaning ie, 'I answer' rather than 'I am answered')
160
wish
βουλομαι This verb is a **passive deponent** so it is active in meaning (eg. 'I wish' rather than 'I am wished') Present: βουλομαι Future: βουλησομαι Aorist: ἐβουληθην
161
Go Go out
Go = πορευομαι Go out = ἐκπορευομαι This verb is a passive deponent so it is active in meaning. However, the future tense can be *either* middle or passive forms Present: πορευοαμι ἐκπορευομαι Future: πορευσομαι (middle)/πορευθησομαι (passive) ἐκπορευσομαι (middle)/ἐκπορευθησομαι (passive) Aorist: ἐπορευθην ἐξεπορευθην
162
am afraid, fear
φοβεομαι E-contract very, above form is uncontracted for clarity. This verb is a **passive deponent** so it is active in meaning. Present: φοβουμαι Future: φοβηθησομαι Aorist: ἐφοβηθην
163
make holy
ἁγιαζω
164
am weak, sick
ἀσθενεω E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity Remember: ἀσθενης is the adjective for 'sick/weak'
165
take up/carry
βασταζω
166
marry
γαμεω E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity Think: '**game**te' 'mono**gamy**'
167
make known
γνωριζω
168
am a slave
δουλευω Remember δουλος means 'slave'
169
pour out
ἐκχεω E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity Like 'pour out water' but can also be used for blood where it would be translated as 'shed blood'
170
dress
ἐνδυω This verb is one of those rare verbs that preserves the classical middle voice meaning. So it means different things in active, middle, and passive voices. In the middle voice, it would be a reflexive meaning back on the subject eg, 'I dress myself'. Think: '**endu**e'
171
have come, am present
ἡκω
172
am strong
ἰσχυω
173
command
κελευω
174
weep
κλαιω
175
hinder
κωλυω Remember: χωφος means 'mute/deaf', λυω means 'lead', so it kind of feels like 'leading into muteness/deafness' which is essentially 'hindering' someone.
176
grieve, pain
λυπεω E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity Think: '**lup**us'
177
swear, take an oath
ὀμνυω Think: 's**o**le**mn**' - when you solemnly swear or take an oath
178
exceed, abound
περισσευω
179
finish, complete
τελεω E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity Think: 'teleology'. Also remember that τελος is the noun meaning 'goal/ending' (3rd declension -ε ending neuter noun)
180
ponder
φρονεω E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity Think: 'schizo**phren**ia'
181
woe (exclamation eg, 'Woe! to the...')
οὐαι
182
What is the subjunctive form of the εἰμι verbs?
In the subjunctive, the εἰμι verbs just become the subjunctive endings. Its present subjunctive is: ὠ ᾐς ᾐ ὠμεν ἠτε ὠσιν
183
take away, kill
ἀναιρεω E-contract verb
184
accuse
κατηγορεω E-contract verb Think: '**categor**ical'
185
promise, confess
ὁμολογεω E-contract verb Think: 'homily'
186
am able to How does it conjugate?
δυναμαι Perfect endings for present meaning Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning See attached image
187
sit How does it conjugate?
καθημαι Perfect endings for present meaning Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning See attached image
188
lie (lie down) How does it conjugate?
κειμαι Perfect endings for present meaning Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning See attached image
189
know How does it conjugate?
οἰδα Perfect endings for present meaning Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning See attached image
190
grow
αὐξανω
191
make/declare clean, or cleanse
καθαριζω Think: 'catharsis/cathartic'
192
sit down (if used intransitively) to cause to sit down (if used transitively)
καθιζω If transitive, 'cause to sit down'. Can also be used intransitively ie, 'I sit down' Similar to καθημαι - 'I sit down' (used intransitively)
193
am present
παρειμι | (combination of παρα + εἰμι)
194
do wrong
ἀδικεω This is one of those words where an -α prefix (alpha privative) makes them negative. Similar to ἀδικια - wrongdoing (noun)
195
How do the different tenses correlate with meaning for the verb ἱστημι?
It can be *transitive* (take an object ie, 'I cause to stand'), or it can be *intransitive* (cannot take an object ie, 'I stand'). Transitive present (I cause to stand) = present active (ἱστημι) Transitive future (I will cause to stand) = future active (στησω) Transitive past (I caused to stand) = 1st aorist active (ἐστησα) Intransitive present (I stand) = perfect active (ἑστηκα) Intransitive future (I will stand) = future middle (στησομαι) Intransitive past (aorist) (I stood) = 2nd aorist active (ἐστην) or 2nd aorist passive (ἐσταθην) Intransitive past (imperfect) (I was standing) = pluperfect active (εἱστηκειν)
196
put, place What are the present and verbal stems? What is the pattern of the endings/what are the conjugations?
τιθημι Present stem = τιθε Verbal stem = θε See attached image for conjugations.
197
give What is the present and verbal stems? What is the pattern of the endings/what are the conjugations?
διδωμι Present stem= διδο Verbal stem= δο See attached image for conjugations.
198
Cause to stand/stand What are the present and verbal stems? What is the pattern of the endings/what are the conjugations? How do you differentiate a transitive or intransitive meaning?
ἱστημι Present stem = ἱστα Verbal stem = στα See attached image for conjugations.
199
What does ἱημι mean? Does it usually occur by itself? How does it conjugate? What are the preset and verbal stems?
It literally means 'I send' However, it is only found in compounds: - ἀφιημι: 'I leave, forgive, dismiss' - συνιημι: 'I understand' It conjugates like τιθημι. - Present stem: ἱε - Verbal stem: ἑ
200
leave, forgive, dismiss How does it conjugate?
ἀφιημι It conjugates like τιθημι. - Present stem: ἀφιε - Verbal stem: ἀφε
201
I understand How does it conjugate?
συνιημι It conjugates like τιθημι. - Present stem: συνιε - Verbal stem: συνε
202
show, point out How does it decline?
δεικνυμι In the **present** tense, it declines like: - Present active indicative: δεικνυμι, δεικνυεις, δεικνυσιν, δεικνυμεν, δεικνυτε, δεικνυασιν - All other present forms: like διδωμι, but δεικνυ replacing διδο/διδου In **other tenses**, need to refer to principal parts for **altered stems**, which them follow λυω conjugations.
203
ruin, destroy How does it conjugate?
ἀπολλυμι In the present tense, it declines like: - Present active indicative: ἀπολλυμι, ἀπολλυεις, ἀπολλυσιν, ἀπολλυμεν, ἀπολλυτε, ἀπολλυασιν - All other present forms: like διδωμι, but ἀπολλυ replacing διδο/διδου In other tenses, need to refer to principal parts for altered stems, which them follow λυω conjugations. **Note: in the middle (ἀπολλυμαι), it means 'I perish'**
204
say (-μι verb) In which forms does this verb only appear?
φημι Present - I say: φημι - He says: φησιν - They say: φασιν Imperfect -He said: ἐφη
205
give away What are the present and verbal stems? How does it conjugate?
ἀποδιδωμι Present stem: ἀποδιδο Verbal stem: ἀποδο See attached for conjugations.
206
hand over, entrust
παραδιδωμι Present stem: παραδιδο Verbal stem: παραδο See attached for conjugations.
207
raise What are the present and verbal stems? How does it conjugate?
ἀνιστημι Present stem: ἀνιστα Verbal stem: ἀνστα See attached for conjugations.
208
place beside What are the present and verbal stems? How does it conjugate?
παριστημι Present stem: παριστα Verbal stem: παραστα See attached for conjugations.
209
put, place upon What are the present and verbal stems? How does it conjugate?
ἐπιτιθημι Present stem: ἐπιτιθε Verbal stem: ἐπιθε See attached for conjugations.
210
fulfill What are the present and verbal stems? How does it conjugate?
πιμπλημι Present stem: πιμπλα Verbal stem: πλα See attached image for conjugations.
211
love | (-αω verb)
ἀγαπαω Think: ἀγαπη
212
bear (beget) What does it mean in the passive?
γενναω In the passive, γενναω means 'I am born'
213
thirst/thirst for
διψαω Think: 'poly**dipsia**'
214
ask (-αω verb)
ἐρωταω Like αἰτεω Note: like αἰτεω, this verb and its compounds are followed by a **double accusative**, both the _person asked_ and _what is asked for_ occur in the **accusative**
215
ask for (-αω verb)
ἐπερωταω Like αἰτεω and ἐρωταω Note: like αἰτεω, this verb and its compounds are followed by a double accusative, both the person asked and what is asked for occur in the accusative
216
live
ζαω Similar to ζωη Note: this verb behaves differently from other -αω verbs, contracting to an η rather than an α. Thus, for example, the present infinitive is ζην, not ζαν. See attached image.
217
heal (-αω verb)
ἰαομαι Note: this is an -αω verb Think: 'iatrogenic' Note: In the 'other tenses' (future, aorist, perfect), the α in ἰαομαι remains an a α rather than becoming an η. Thus, for example, the Future is ἰ_α_σομαι.
218
labour
κοπιαω Think: 코피, working so hard your nose bleeds!
219
overcome, win, conquer
νικαω Think: '**Nik**e'
220
hunger
πειναω Think: hunger **pain**s
221
deceive, lead astray
πλαναω We get the word '**planet**' from this. Just like the planets wander, this word means to lead astry, lead to wander, etc.
222
honour, value
τιμαω Similar to τιμη
223
rebuke
ἐπιτιμαω Compound verb from τιμαω
224
justify
δικαιοω Similar to δικαιος and δικαιοσυνη
225
fulfill, fill, complete
πληροω Similar to πιμπλημι
226
crucify
σταυροω Similar to σταυρος
227
accomplish, complete
τελειοω (-οω) verb Similar to τελος and τελεω
228
reveal, make known
φανεροω Similar to φαινω and ἀποκαλυπτω
229
see, look at (-α contract verb)
θεαομαι
230
boast
καυχαομαι
231
remember
μιμνῃσκομαι + genitive
232
wash
νιπτω