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New Testament Greek > Verbs > Flashcards

Verbs Flashcards

1
Q

Lead, bring

What is the aorist?

A

ἀγω

It has a second aorist: ἠγαγον

The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀγαγ-

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2
Q

Hear, listen to

What is the future and aorist passive?

What is the perfect active?

A

ἀκουω

The content of the thing listened to is in accusative; the person/object making the sound you are listening to is in genitive. So when you say ‘I listen to Jesus’, Jesus would be in genitive. If you saw ‘I listen to the words of Jesus’, the ‘words’ would be in accusative and ‘Jesus’ in genitive. So:

  • ἀκουω + gen = person
  • ἀκουω + acc = thing heard

Future passive: ἀκουσθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἠκουσθην

Perfect active: ἀκηκοα

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3
Q

Throw

What is the aorist?

What is the future tense?

What is the future and aorist passives?

A

βαλλω

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐβαλον

This verb is a liquid verb (also with a 2nd aorist for aorist tense), so it’s future tense is: βαλεω (uncontracted for clarity - if contracted would be βαλω). Will have middle voice/deponent endings.

Future passive: βληθησοαμι

Aorist passive: ἐβληθην

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4
Q

See, watch

A

βλεπω

Remember, θεωρεω means to ‘look at’ or ‘gaze at’, so similar meaning

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5
Q

Teach

A

διδασκω

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6
Q

Have, hold

Is the future, imperfect, and aorist tense the standard paradigm?

A

ἐχω

Note the different tenses are unusual for this verb and does not follow the normal rules:

  • Future: ἑξω (note the rough breathing)
  • Imperfect: εἰχον
  • Aorist (this is a second aorist): ἐσχον. The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): σχ-
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7
Q

Take, receive

What is the aorist?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

λαμβανω

Remember that δεχομαι (deponent verb) also means to ‘receive’

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐλαβον

Future passive: λημφθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐλημφθην

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8
Q

Say, speak, tell

What is the aorist?

What is important about the 2nd aorist of this verb?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

λεγω

λεγω + acc = the thing spoken

λεγω + dative = the person/people that is spoken to

It has a second aorist: εἰπον

  • In the 2nd aorist of this verb in other moods (other than indicative), the ἐ is not removed and the stem remains as εἰπ-. So the stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods) is εἰπ-.
  • It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, εἰπαν rather than εἰπον for 3rd person plural indicative.

Future passive: ῥεθησομαι or ῥηθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐρρεθην or ἐρρηθην

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9
Q

Untie

A

λυω

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10
Q

Seek

A

ζητεω

E-contract verb

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11
Q

Call

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

καλεω

E-contract verb

When changing to the future or aorist tense, this verb is irregular as the episilon doesn’t change to ‘eta’ and remains as epsilon. ‘Kaleo’ is the only verb that does that.

Future passive: κληθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐκληθην

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12
Q

Speak, say

A

λαλεω

E-contract verb

λαλεω + acc = the thing spoken

λαλεω + dative = the person/people that is spoken to

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13
Q

Do, make

A

ποιεω

E-contract verb

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14
Q

Keep

A

τηρεω

E-contract verb

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15
Q

Love, like

A

φιλεω

E-contract verb

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16
Q

Believe

A

πιστευω

+ dative

The direct object of ‘I believe’ is written in dative, not accusative. Eg, ‘They believe in God’ = πισευουσιν τῳ θεῳ

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17
Q

look up, receive sight

A

ἀναβλεπω

Compound verb

ἀνα is a rare preposition meaning ‘upwards’ or ‘again’

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18
Q

Set free, divorce, dismiss

A

ἀπολυω

Compound verb

Intensified meaning from simply ‘untie’. Means to liberate, give freedom.

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19
Q

Drive out, cast out, throw out

What is the aorist?

A

ἐκβαλλω

Compound verb

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐξεβαλον

-In the unaugmented form (for other moods), the stem is ἐκβαλ-

It is also a liquid verb, so the future tense is: ἐκβαλεω (ε is uncontracted for clarity)

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20
Q

call upon, name

A

ἐπικαλεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Memory tip: epi = onto, so you are ‘calling onto’

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21
Q

dwell, inhabit, live

A

κατοικεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

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22
Q

exhort, request, comfort, encourage

A

παρακαλεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Memory tip: παρα means beside, so you are next to them comforting/encouraging/exhorting/requesting them

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23
Q

take, receive (increased intensity eg, into one’s personal space or home)

A

παραλαμβανω

Compound verb

Memory: Intensified meaning from simply ‘take/receive’. It means to receive/take into one’s personal space, home, etc. Gives a sense of deep intimacy. This intensity is conveyed by παρα which indicates intimacy and close proximity as it means ‘beside/alongside’

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24
Q

walk about, live

A

περιπατεω

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Memory tip: περι indicates around/about, so if you imagine drawing a circle and living in it, it is kind of like ‘living among them’ ‘walking about’

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25
Q

worship

A

προσκυνεω + dative

Compound verb

E-contract verb

Note how this verb demands a dative after it, similar to πιστευω

κυνεω is not really used on its own, but it has meaning of ‘to bow down’

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26
Q

gather, bring together

A

συναγω

Compound verb

Memory tip: taking the preposition and verb together, literally translates to ‘together, lead’. So ‘leading together’ would = gather/bring together

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27
Q

depart

A

ὑπαγω

Compound verb

Memory tip: it is ὑπο + αγω which means ‘lead down’ which kind of feels like ‘lead away’ ie, depart.

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28
Q

How do you express the negative for verbs in the indicative form?

A

Add ού (=not) in front of the verb.

If the first letter of the next word is a vowel with smooth breathing: ούκ

If the first letter of the next word is a vowel with rough breathing: οὐχ

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29
Q

I am

A

εἰμι

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30
Q

You are (singular)

A

εἰ

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31
Q

He/she/it is

A

ἐστι(ν)

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32
Q

We are

A

ἐσμεν

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33
Q

You are (plural)

A

ἐστε

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34
Q

They are

A

εἰσι(ν)

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35
Q

How do you differentiate ‘if’ from ‘you are’ (singular)?

A
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36
Q

Open

A

ἀνοιγω

Think: it sounds like ‘annoy’ - if you opened a vampire casket, the vampire would be very annoyed!

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37
Q

Reveal, uncover

A

ἀποκαλυπτω

Think ‘apocalypse’

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38
Q

Bapitise, dip

A

βαπτιζω

Sounds like ‘baptise’

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39
Q

Write

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

γραφω

Think ‘agraphia’ ‘graph’ ‘bibliography’

The content of what is written is in the accusative, and the recipient of the writing is in the dative.

Future passive: γραφησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐγραφην

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40
Q

Persecute, pursue

A

διωκω

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41
Q

Praise, glorify

A

δοξαζω

Think back to noun ‘δοξα’

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42
Q

Proclaim, preach

A

κηρυσσω

The Greek word for ‘proclamation’ is ‘kerygma’

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43
Q

Cry out

A

κραζω

Sounds like ‘cry’

Note, when converting this word into future or aorist tense, it behaves like κρασσω ie, rather than the ζ becoming σ, it becomes ξ

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44
Q

Send

A

πεμπω

Kind of sounds like ‘penpal’ where you send letters to each other

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45
Q

Convince, persuade

A

πειθω

Think: you need to ‘pay forward your thoughts’ to convince or persuade someone

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46
Q

save, rescue, heal

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

σωζω

(sometimes written as σῳζω)

Think ‘soteriology’ - soteriology is the doctrine of salvation

Future passive: σωθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐσωθην

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47
Q

I exist, I am

A

ὑπαρχω

Think of it as a combination of ὑπερ + ἀρχη. Which is ‘above’ + ‘beginning’, so combined its like an ‘upgraded/transcendent beginning’ so you don’t just ‘begin’ but you actually ‘exist’ or ‘be’ -> remember God said that ‘I am who I am’, which is to say that God exists beyond the limitations of space and time, and has no beginning and end.

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48
Q

ask (for)

A

αἰτεω

E-contract verb

Think: ‘aetiology’

αἰτεω is followed by a double accusative - both the person asked and what is asked for occur in the accusative eg, αἰτω τον θεον ζωην (I ask God for life)

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49
Q

Speak well of

Bless

Praise

A

εὐλογεω

E-contract verb

‘eu’ usually means something good

Think: ‘eulogy’

Looks like a compound verb but does not behave like a compound.

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50
Q

Give thanks

A

εὐχαριστεω

E-contract verb

‘eu’ usually means something good

Think: ‘eucharist’

Looks like a compound verb but does not behave like a compound.

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51
Q

Build (up)

A

οἰκοδομεω

E-contract verb

Think: the start is like οἰκος, and δομεω sounds like ‘domestic’ which makes sense because you can build up a house with all the domestic stuff inside it.

Looks like a compound verb but does not behave like a compound.

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52
Q

Take heed of

Pay attention to

A

προσεχω + dative

Not an E-contract verb

Compound verb

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53
Q

What is the first person singular form of ἐχω in the future, imperfect, and aorist tense?

A

These variations are irregular from standard future, imperfect, and aorist changes.

Future: ἑξω (note the rough breathing)

Imperfect: εἰχον

Aorist: ἐσχον

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54
Q

I wish/I want to

A

θελω

Tenses are slightly irregular

  • Imperfect: ἠθελον
  • Future: θελησω
  • Aorist: ἠθελησα
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55
Q

It is necessary to

What is the imperfect form?

What is often the more fluent/sensible translation?

A

δει

Only occurs in 3rd person singular (called ‘impersonal verbs’)

The imperfect form is ἐδει - (‘it was necessary’)

It is often sensible to rephrase/translate ‘it is necessary’ (which you hardly ever say in English) to some form of ‘must’. Note: there is no word in Greek for ‘must’ - δει is used instead.

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56
Q

I intend to/I am about to

A

μελλω

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57
Q

It is permitted to/It is lawful to

A

ἐξεστι / ἐξεστιν

Only occurs in 3rd person singular (called ‘impersonal verbs’)

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58
Q

I follow

A

ἀκολουθεω + dative

E-contract verb

Think ‘acolyte’ - someone who is a follower or assistant

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59
Q

I lead up, restore

A

ἀναγω

‘ανα’ is kind of like a prefix that indicates ‘up’ (eg, αναβλεπω) + αγω

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60
Q

I bind, tie up

A

δεω

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61
Q

I think, seem

A

δοκεω

E-contract verb

Think ‘docetic’ where in docetism, Jesus only seemed to be human.

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62
Q

I have mercy on, pity

A

ἐλεεω

E-contract verb

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63
Q

I look at/I gaze at

A

θεωρεω

E-contract verb

Think ‘theory’ - to come up with a theory you need to look into a subject

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64
Q

I make ineffective, abolish, annull

A

καταργεω

E-contract verb

Sounds like to ‘cut’ down -> abolish

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65
Q

I bear witnesss, testify

A

μαρτυρεω

E-contract verb

Think ‘martyr’ who is bearing witness to Jesus by their death

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66
Q

I repent, change my mind

A

μετανοεω

E-contract verb

Think: ‘μετα’ (after) ‘νο’ (transliterated as ‘no’) -> “after, I am going to say no to sin!”

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67
Q

Which verbs take on the dative?

A

πιστευω

προσκυνεω

ακολουθεω

προσεχω

ἐγγιζω

παραγγελλω

διακονεω

ἀποκρινομαι

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68
Q

I come, go

What is the aorist?

A

ἐρχομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

It has a second aorist: ἠλθον

  • Notice how in the aorist it now takes the active voice imperfect endings, no longer the middle voice/deponent endings.
  • The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἐλθ-
  • It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, ἠλθατε rather than ἠλθετε for the indicative 2nd person plural (note how this is not imperative, as it still has the ἐ augment; the unaugmented form is ἐλθατε/ἐλθετε).
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69
Q

I depart, go away

A

ἀπερχομαι

Compount verb (apo + erchomai)

Middle voice/deponent verb

Remember ὑπαγω also means depart

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70
Q

I cross over

A

διερχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

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71
Q

I go into, enter

A

εἰσερχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: εἰς is the preposition for ‘into’.

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72
Q

I go out, go away

A

ἐξερχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: the prefix ἐξ sounds like ‘exit’

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73
Q

I go by, pass by

A

παρερχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: the preposition παρα means ‘beside’ ‘alongside’, which is consistent with the meaning ‘go by’ ‘pass by’

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74
Q

I come to, go to, approach

A

προσερχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: προς is the preposition ‘to/towards’

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75
Q

I come together

A

συνερχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: συν is the preposition for ‘together’

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76
Q

I touch

A

ἁπτομαι + genitive

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: the word ‘haptics’ is describing how hard to touch something is eg, iPhone screens. Also think ‘haptoglobin’ as it carries the heme in the circulation after haemolysis.

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77
Q

I refuse, deny

A

ἀρνεομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: ἀρνε sounds like ‘아니’ which means ‘no’ in Korean.

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78
Q

I begin, rule/govern/command

A

ἀρχομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Think of the feminine noun ἀρχη which means ‘beginning’

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79
Q

I greet

A

ἀσπαζομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: soundslike Asta (just replace the ‘t’ with ‘p’) from Black Clover, who is very cheerful and will greet everyone he meets.

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80
Q

I receive

A

δεχομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: sounds like ‘deck’ or ‘dock’ where shipping containers are received

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81
Q

I work

A

ἐργαζομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Think of the neuter noun εργον which means ‘work’

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82
Q

I proclaim good news

A

εὐαγγελιζομαι

Compound verb εὐ - ἀγγελιζομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: εὐαγγελιον means ‘good news/gospel’

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83
Q

I calculate, consider

A

λογιζομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: sounds like ‘logic’ which you need to calculate or consider things carefully

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84
Q

I pray

A

προσευχομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: προσ is also in the Greek verb ‘worship’ indicating something spiritual, and ευ is usually in front of things that are good (eg, εὐαγγελιον, εὐχαριςτεω). So spiritual + good = prayer.

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85
Q

I summon

A

προσκαλεομαι

Compound verb

Middle voice/deponent verb

Memory tip: προσ means ‘to/towards’ and καλεω means ‘call’, so ‘call to/towards’ = summon

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86
Q

I rescue

A

ῥυομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Note the rough breathing

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87
Q

I will be

A

ἐσομαι

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88
Q

You will be (singular)

A

ἐσῃ

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89
Q

He/she/it will be

A

ἐσται

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90
Q

We will be

A

ἐσομεθα

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91
Q

You will be (plural)

A

ἐσεσθε

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92
Q

They will be

A

ἐσονται

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93
Q

I was

A

ἠμην

94
Q

You were (singular)

A

ἠς or ἠσθα

95
Q

He/she/it was

A

ἠν

96
Q

We were

A

ἠμεν or ἠμεθα

97
Q

You were (plural)

A

ἠτε

98
Q

They were

A

ἠσαν

99
Q

To be (infinitive)

A

εἰναι

100
Q

Being (present participle, masculine nominative)

  • singular
  • plural
A
  • ὠν
  • ὀντες
101
Q

What is the problem with the verbs ἐρχομαι and ἀρχομαι?

A

They look identical in the imperfect form. So to distinguish them you need to look at the context and see what fits better.

Also note that the Future & Aorist tense of ἐρχομαι (and its compounds) are irregular.

102
Q

I approach, come near

A

ἐγγιζω + dative

Note the pronounciation will have a ‘ν’ due to the double γγ -> ἐ(ν)γγιζω

Note it has the same root as ‘ἐγγυς’ which means ‘near’

103
Q

I lead

A

ἡγεομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

Think: ‘hegemony’

104
Q

I am amazed

A

θαυμαζω

105
Q

I heal

A

θεραπευω

Think ‘therapeutics’

106
Q

I sleep

A

καθευδω

Think about the ‘cath lab’, where you need to catheterise someone for an angiogram - you need to put them to sleep before you do so!

107
Q

Sin (as a verb)

What is the aorist?

A

ἁμαρτανω

It has a 2nd aorist: ἡμαρτον

The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀμαρτ-

108
Q

Die (as a verb)

What is the aorist?

What is the future tense?

A

ἀποθνῃσκω

It has a 2nd aorist: ἀπεθανον

The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀποθαν-

This verb is a liquid verb (also with a 2nd aorist for aorist tense), so it’s future tense is: ἀποθανεομαι (uncontracted for clarity - if contracted would be ἀποθανουμαι). Will have middle voice/deponent endings.

109
Q

Find

What is the aorist?

A

εὑρισκω

It has a 2nd aorist: εὑρον

The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): εὑρ- (not much change!)

Think: ‘eureka!’

110
Q

Leave

What is the aorist?

A

καταλειπω

It has a 2nd aorist: κατελιπον

The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): καταλιπ-

111
Q

Learn

What is the aorist?

A

μανθανω

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐμαθον

112
Q

Suffer

What is the aorist?

A

πασχω

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐπαθον (think ‘pathology’)

113
Q

Drink

What is the aorist?

A

πινω (think ‘pinot noir’)

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐπιον

114
Q

Flee

What is the aorist?

A

φευγω

(think ‘feudal lords’ who would flee from battle)

It has a 2nd aorist: ἐφυγον

115
Q

Go

Does this word occur by itself?

What is the aorist?

A

βαινω

No, it only occurs in compounds: καταβαινω & ἀναβαινω

It has a second aorist, which is a bit unusual. See attached photo.

116
Q

Know

What is the aorist?

A

γινωσκω

It has a second aorist ἐγν-ων, but the endings are a bit unusual. See attached image.

117
Q

Fall

What is the aorist?

A

πιπτω

(Think of ‘tipsy’ people are the ones that fall over)

It has a second aorist: ἐπεσον

118
Q

Become, happen

What is the aorist?

A

γινομαι

Deponent verb/middle voice

It has a second aorist ἐγενομην (will follow deponent endings)

119
Q

Eat

What is the aorist?

A

ἐσθιω

(think ‘eski’ which stores cold food!)

It has a second aorist: ἐφαγον

120
Q

See

What is the aorist? What is the unaugmented form (ie, to be used in moods other than indicative)?

What are the future and aorist passives?

What is the perfect active?

A

ὁραω

(think in Japanese, when they want someone to come look at something, they say ‘hora!’)

It has a second aorist: εἰδον

  • The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἰδ-. So in the unaugmented form, the stem is ἰδ-
  • It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, εἰδαν rather than εἰδον for 3rd person plural indicative.

Future passive: ὀφθησομαι

Aorist passive: ὠφθην

(these passive changes sound similar to ‘ophthalmology’)

Perfect active: ἑωρακα (the ε is not an augment, but a reduplication, so will remain in other moods)

121
Q

Carry, bear

What is the aorist?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

φερω

It has a second aorist: ἠνεγκον (think ‘enigma’)

  • The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἐνεγκ-
  • It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, ἠνεγκαν rather than ἠνεγκον for 3rd person plural indicative.

Future passive: ἐνεχθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἠνεχθην

122
Q

Arrive, standby

What is the aorist?

A

παραγινομαι

Middle voice/deponent verb

It has a second aorist:

  • παρεγενομην (if in the indicative, remember will have deponent endings in the imperfect tense for the indicative mood)
  • παραγεν- (if in other moods, it is παρα- not παρε- as it no longer has the ἐ augment; remember it will have deponent endings in the present tense for the other moods - for example the aorist imperative will be παραγενου in the 2nd person singular and παραγενεσθε 2nd person plural)
123
Q

Go down

What is the aorist?

A

καταβαινω

It is a compound verb with βαινω

It has a second aorist which has unusual endings. See attached image.

124
Q

Go up

What is the aorist?

A

ἀναβαινω

Compound verb with βαινω

It has a second aorist which has unusual endings. See attached image.

125
Q

Read

What is the aorist?

A

ἀναγινωσκω

It is a compound verb with γινωσκω

It has a second aorist with unusual endings. See attached image.

126
Q

Recognise, perceive

What is the aorist?

A

ἐπιγινωσκω

It is a compound verb with γινωσκω

It has a second aorist which has unusual endings. See attached image.

127
Q

Sow

What is the future & aorist tense?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

σπειρω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: σπερεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be σπερω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἐσπειρα

Future passive: σπαρησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐσπαρην

128
Q

Raise up, wake

What is the future & aorist tense?

What is the future and aorist passives?

A

ἐγειρω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ἐγερεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἐγερω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἠγειρα

Future passive: ἐγερθησομαι

Aorist passive: ἠγερθην

129
Q

Kill

What is the future & aorist tense?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

ἀποκτεινω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ἀποκτενεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀποκτενω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἀπεκτεινα

Future passive: ἀποκτανθησομαι

Future aorist: ἀπεκτανθην

130
Q

Lift up, take away

What is the future & aorist tense?

What is the stem in the aorist in moods other than indicative?

A

αἰρω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ἀρεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀρω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἠρα (note the aorist stem for other moods is ἀρ-, as the ἐ augment is removed. So for example, the plural aorist participle is ἀραντες)
131
Q

Send out

What is the future & aorist tense?

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

ἀποστελλω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ἀποστελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀποστελω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἀπεστειλα

Future passive: ἀποσταλησομαι

Aorist passive: ἀπεσταλην

132
Q

Announce

What is the future & aorist tense?

A

ἀγγελλω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ἀγγελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀγγελω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἠγγειλα

Very rarely occurs on its own. Usually in compound verb of ἀπαγγελλω and παραγγελλω.

133
Q

Order

What is the future & aorist tense?

A

παραγγελλω + dative

Compound verb

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: παραγγελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be παραγγελω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: παρηγγειλα
134
Q

Report, announce

What is the future & aorist tense?

A

ἀπαγγελλω

Compound verb.

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ἀπαγγελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ἀπαγγελω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἀπηγγειλα
135
Q

Remain

What is the future & aorist tense?

How do you differentiate some of the present and future tense words?

A

μενω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: μενεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be μενω in 1st person singular). Note how there is no change in stem.
  • Aorist: ἐμεινα

4 out of 6 of the future tense paradigm will be the same as the present tense paradigm. The way to differentiate is that a liquid verb has a circumflex accent only if it is in the future.

136
Q

Judge, decide

What is the future & aorist tense?

How do you differentiate some of the present and future tense words?

A

κρινω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: κρινεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be κρινω in 1st person singular). Note how there is no change in stem.
  • Aorist: ἐκρινα

4 out of 6 of the future tense paradigm will be the same as the present tense paradigm. The way to differentiate is that a liquid verb has a circumflex accent only if it is in the future.

137
Q

Owe

What is the future & aorist tense?

A

ὀφειλω

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: ὀφελεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be ὀφελω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ὠφειλα
138
Q

Rejoice

What is the future & aorist tense?

What does the imperative mean?

A

χαιρω

(Remember χαρα is joy)

It is a liquid verb:

  • Future: χαρεω (written uncontracted for clarity, would normally be χαρω in 1st person singular)
  • Aorist: ἐχαιρα

Usually the imperatives χαιρε and χαιρετε mean ‘Greetings!’

139
Q

Look! Behold!

A

ἰδου

Kind of like an imperative form of ὁραω/εἰδον

140
Q

Bring to, offer

What is the aorist?

A

προσφερω

(Compound verb with φερω)

It has a 2nd aorist: προσηνεγκον

-In its unaugmented form (for other moods), the stem is προσενεγκ-

141
Q

buy

A

ἀγοραζω

Think: ‘agoraphobia’

142
Q

blaspheme

A

βλασφημεω

E-contract verb

143
Q

serve

A

διακονεω + dative

E-contract verb

Think: ‘deacon’

144
Q

consider, argue, discuss

A

διαλογιζομαι

Middle/deponent voice

Think: ‘dialogue’

145
Q

hope

A

ἐλπιζω

146
Q

prepare, make ready

A

ἑτοιμαζω

147
Q

grasp, arrest

A

κρατεω

E-contract verb

Think: ‘autocratic’

148
Q

hate

A

μισεω

E-contract verb

Think: misanthropic

149
Q

test, tempt

A

πειραζω

150
Q

do

A

πρασσω

Remember: ποιεω means ‘do’ or ‘make’

151
Q

prophesy

A

προφητευω

152
Q

cause to fall/sin/stumble

A

σκανδαλιζω

Think: ‘scandal’

153
Q

subject

A

ὑποτασσω

Remember: ὑπο + gen = ‘by the hands of’. The verb ‘subject’ has a similar feel to it.

154
Q

guard

A

φυλασσω

Means ‘guard’ in active voice

Means ‘be on guard’ in middle voice. Eg, φυλασσομαι = ‘I am on my guard’, rather than ‘I guard’

Think: ‘prophylaxis’

155
Q

call/call out

A

φωνεω

E-contract verb

Remember: φωνη means ‘voice’ or ‘sound’

156
Q

give freely

A

χαριζομαι

Middle/deponent voice

157
Q

turn

turn (back)

turn back, return

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

στρεφω

ἐπιστρεφω

ὑποστρεφω

Future passive: στραφησομαι, ἐπιστραφησομαι, ὑποστραφησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐστραφην, ἐπεστραφην, ὑπεστραφην

158
Q

shine, appear

What are the future and aorist passives?

A

φαινω

Means ‘I appear’ in the passive form; ‘I shine’ in the active form.

Future passive: φανησομαι

Aorist passive: ἐφανην

Think: ‘phenomenon’ ‘phantom’ ‘epiphany’

159
Q

answer

A

ἀποκρινομαι + dative

This verb is a passive deponent (but only in the aorist tense) to be active in meaning. It takes on the middle voice in the future tense.

Present: ἀποκρινομαι

Future: ἀποκρινουμαι (middle voice - this is middle form, and in this middle form, rather than adding σ, ε is added instead in the future tense so that it becomes an e-contract verb (like the liquid verbs eg, κρινω -> κρινεω for future tense).

Aorist: ἀπεκριθην (passive deponent - passive ending but active in meaning ie, ‘I answer’ rather than ‘I am answered’)

160
Q

wish

A

βουλομαι

This verb is a passive deponent so it is active in meaning (eg. ‘I wish’ rather than ‘I am wished’)

Present: βουλομαι

Future: βουλησομαι

Aorist: ἐβουληθην

161
Q

Go

Go out

A

Go = πορευομαι

Go out = ἐκπορευομαι

This verb is a passive deponent so it is active in meaning. However, the future tense can be either middle or passive forms

Present: πορευοαμι ἐκπορευομαι

Future: πορευσομαι (middle)/πορευθησομαι (passive) ἐκπορευσομαι (middle)/ἐκπορευθησομαι (passive)

Aorist: ἐπορευθην ἐξεπορευθην

162
Q

am afraid, fear

A

φοβεομαι

E-contract very, above form is uncontracted for clarity.

This verb is a passive deponent so it is active in meaning.

Present: φοβουμαι

Future: φοβηθησομαι

Aorist: ἐφοβηθην

163
Q

make holy

A

ἁγιαζω

164
Q

am weak, sick

A

ἀσθενεω

E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity

Remember: ἀσθενης is the adjective for ‘sick/weak’

165
Q

take up/carry

A

βασταζω

166
Q

marry

A

γαμεω

E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity

Think: ‘gamete’ ‘monogamy’

167
Q

make known

A

γνωριζω

168
Q

am a slave

A

δουλευω

Remember δουλος means ‘slave’

169
Q

pour out

A

ἐκχεω

E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity

Like ‘pour out water’ but can also be used for blood where it would be translated as ‘shed blood’

170
Q

dress

A

ἐνδυω

This verb is one of those rare verbs that preserves the classical middle voice meaning. So it means different things in active, middle, and passive voices. In the middle voice, it would be a reflexive meaning back on the subject eg, ‘I dress myself’.

Think: ‘endue’

171
Q

have come, am present

A

ἡκω

172
Q

am strong

A

ἰσχυω

173
Q

command

A

κελευω

174
Q

weep

A

κλαιω

175
Q

hinder

A

κωλυω

Remember: χωφος means ‘mute/deaf’, λυω means ‘lead’, so it kind of feels like ‘leading into muteness/deafness’ which is essentially ‘hindering’ someone.

176
Q

grieve, pain

A

λυπεω

E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity

Think: ‘lupus’

177
Q

swear, take an oath

A

ὀμνυω

Think: ‘solemn’ - when you solemnly swear or take an oath

178
Q

exceed, abound

A

περισσευω

179
Q

finish, complete

A

τελεω

E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity

Think: ‘teleology’. Also remember that τελος is the noun meaning ‘goal/ending’ (3rd declension -ε ending neuter noun)

180
Q

ponder

A

φρονεω

E-contract verb, uncontracted for clarity

Think: ‘schizophrenia’

181
Q

woe (exclamation eg, ‘Woe! to the…’)

A

οὐαι

182
Q

What is the subjunctive form of the εἰμι verbs?

A

In the subjunctive, the εἰμι verbs just become the subjunctive endings.

Its present subjunctive is:

ὠ

ᾐς

ᾐ

ὠμεν

ἠτε

ὠσιν

183
Q

take away, kill

A

ἀναιρεω

E-contract verb

184
Q

accuse

A

κατηγορεω

E-contract verb

Think: ‘categorical’

185
Q

promise, confess

A

ὁμολογεω

E-contract verb

Think: ‘homily’

186
Q

am able to

How does it conjugate?

A

δυναμαι

Perfect endings for present meaning

Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning

See attached image

187
Q

sit

How does it conjugate?

A

καθημαι

Perfect endings for present meaning

Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning

See attached image

188
Q

lie (lie down)

How does it conjugate?

A

κειμαι

Perfect endings for present meaning

Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning

See attached image

189
Q

know

How does it conjugate?

A

οἰδα

Perfect endings for present meaning

Pluperfect endings for imperfect meaning

See attached image

190
Q

grow

A

αὐξανω

191
Q

make/declare clean, or cleanse

A

καθαριζω

Think: ‘catharsis/cathartic’

192
Q

sit down (if used intransitively)

to cause to sit down (if used transitively)

A

καθιζω

If transitive, ‘cause to sit down’.

Can also be used intransitively ie, ‘I sit down’

Similar to καθημαι - ‘I sit down’ (used intransitively)

193
Q

am present

A

παρειμι

(combination of παρα + εἰμι)

194
Q

do wrong

A

ἀδικεω

This is one of those words where an -α prefix (alpha privative) makes them negative.

Similar to ἀδικια - wrongdoing (noun)

195
Q

How do the different tenses correlate with meaning for the verb ἱστημι?

A

It can be transitive (take an object ie, ‘I cause to stand’), or it can be intransitive (cannot take an object ie, ‘I stand’).

Transitive present (I cause to stand) = present active (ἱστημι)

Transitive future (I will cause to stand) = future active (στησω)

Transitive past (I caused to stand) = 1st aorist active (ἐστησα)

Intransitive present (I stand) = perfect active (ἑστηκα)

Intransitive future (I will stand) = future middle (στησομαι)

Intransitive past (aorist) (I stood) = 2nd aorist active (ἐστην) or 2nd aorist passive (ἐσταθην)

Intransitive past (imperfect) (I was standing) = pluperfect active (εἱστηκειν)

196
Q

put, place

What are the present and verbal stems?

What is the pattern of the endings/what are the conjugations?

A

τιθημι

Present stem = τιθε

Verbal stem = θε

See attached image for conjugations.

197
Q

give

What is the present and verbal stems?

What is the pattern of the endings/what are the conjugations?

A

διδωμι

Present stem= διδο

Verbal stem= δο

See attached image for conjugations.

198
Q

Cause to stand/stand

What are the present and verbal stems?

What is the pattern of the endings/what are the conjugations?

How do you differentiate a transitive or intransitive meaning?

A

ἱστημι

Present stem = ἱστα

Verbal stem = στα

See attached image for conjugations.

199
Q

What does ἱημι mean?

Does it usually occur by itself?

How does it conjugate? What are the preset and verbal stems?

A

It literally means ‘I send’

However, it is only found in compounds:

  • ἀφιημι: ‘I leave, forgive, dismiss’
  • συνιημι: ‘I understand’

It conjugates like τιθημι.

  • Present stem: ἱε
  • Verbal stem: ἑ
200
Q

leave, forgive, dismiss

How does it conjugate?

A

ἀφιημι

It conjugates like τιθημι.

  • Present stem: ἀφιε
  • Verbal stem: ἀφε
201
Q

I understand

How does it conjugate?

A

συνιημι

It conjugates like τιθημι.

  • Present stem: συνιε
  • Verbal stem: συνε
202
Q

show, point out

How does it decline?

A

δεικνυμι

In the present tense, it declines like:

  • Present active indicative: δεικνυμι, δεικνυεις, δεικνυσιν, δεικνυμεν, δεικνυτε, δεικνυασιν
  • All other present forms: like διδωμι, but δεικνυ replacing διδο/διδου

In other tenses, need to refer to principal parts for altered stems, which them follow λυω conjugations.

203
Q

ruin, destroy

How does it conjugate?

A

ἀπολλυμι

In the present tense, it declines like:

  • Present active indicative: ἀπολλυμι, ἀπολλυεις, ἀπολλυσιν, ἀπολλυμεν, ἀπολλυτε, ἀπολλυασιν
  • All other present forms: like διδωμι, but ἀπολλυ replacing διδο/διδου

In other tenses, need to refer to principal parts for altered stems, which them follow λυω conjugations.

Note: in the middle (ἀπολλυμαι), it means ‘I perish’

204
Q

say (-μι verb)

In which forms does this verb only appear?

A

φημι

Present

  • I say: φημι
  • He says: φησιν
  • They say: φασιν

Imperfect

-He said: ἐφη

205
Q

give away

What are the present and verbal stems?

How does it conjugate?

A

ἀποδιδωμι

Present stem: ἀποδιδο

Verbal stem: ἀποδο

See attached for conjugations.

206
Q

hand over, entrust

A

παραδιδωμι

Present stem: παραδιδο

Verbal stem: παραδο

See attached for conjugations.

207
Q

raise

What are the present and verbal stems?

How does it conjugate?

A

ἀνιστημι

Present stem: ἀνιστα

Verbal stem: ἀνστα

See attached for conjugations.

208
Q

place beside

What are the present and verbal stems?

How does it conjugate?

A

παριστημι

Present stem: παριστα

Verbal stem: παραστα

See attached for conjugations.

209
Q

put, place upon

What are the present and verbal stems?

How does it conjugate?

A

ἐπιτιθημι

Present stem: ἐπιτιθε

Verbal stem: ἐπιθε

See attached for conjugations.

210
Q

fulfill

What are the present and verbal stems?

How does it conjugate?

A

πιμπλημι

Present stem: πιμπλα

Verbal stem: πλα

See attached image for conjugations.

211
Q

love

(-αω verb)

A

ἀγαπαω

Think: ἀγαπη

212
Q

bear (beget)

What does it mean in the passive?

A

γενναω

In the passive, γενναω means ‘I am born’

213
Q

thirst/thirst for

A

διψαω

Think: ‘polydipsia’

214
Q

ask (-αω verb)

A

ἐρωταω

Like αἰτεω

Note: like αἰτεω, this verb and its compounds are followed by a double accusative, both the person asked and what is asked for occur in the accusative

215
Q

ask for (-αω verb)

A

ἐπερωταω

Like αἰτεω and ἐρωταω

Note: like αἰτεω, this verb and its compounds are followed by a double accusative, both the person asked and what is asked for occur in the accusative

216
Q

live

A

ζαω

Similar to ζωη

Note: this verb behaves differently from other -αω verbs, contracting to an η rather than an α. Thus, for example, the present infinitive is ζην, not ζαν. See attached image.

217
Q

heal (-αω verb)

A

ἰαομαι

Note: this is an -αω verb

Think: ‘iatrogenic’

Note: In the ‘other tenses’ (future, aorist, perfect), the α in ἰαομαι remains an a α rather than becoming an η. Thus, for example, the Future is ἰ_α_σομαι.

218
Q

labour

A

κοπιαω

Think: 코피, working so hard your nose bleeds!

219
Q

overcome, win, conquer

A

νικαω

Think: ‘Nike’

220
Q

hunger

A

πειναω

Think: hunger pains

221
Q

deceive, lead astray

A

πλαναω

We get the word ‘planet’ from this. Just like the planets wander, this word means to lead astry, lead to wander, etc.

222
Q

honour, value

A

τιμαω

Similar to τιμη

223
Q

rebuke

A

ἐπιτιμαω

Compound verb from τιμαω

224
Q

justify

A

δικαιοω

Similar to δικαιος and δικαιοσυνη

225
Q

fulfill, fill, complete

A

πληροω

Similar to πιμπλημι

226
Q

crucify

A

σταυροω

Similar to σταυρος

227
Q

accomplish, complete

A

τελειοω (-οω) verb

Similar to τελος and τελεω

228
Q

reveal, make known

A

φανεροω

Similar to φαινω and ἀποκαλυπτω

229
Q

see, look at (-α contract verb)

A

θεαομαι

230
Q

boast

A

καυχαομαι

231
Q

remember

A

μιμνῃσκομαι + genitive

232
Q

wash

A

νιπτω

New Testament Greek (9 decks)

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