Verbs Flashcards
Lead, bring
What is the aorist?
ἀγω
It has a second aorist: ἠγαγον
The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): ἀγαγ-
Hear, listen to
What is the future and aorist passive?
What is the perfect active?
ἀκουω
The content of the thing listened to is in accusative; the person/object making the sound you are listening to is in genitive. So when you say ‘I listen to Jesus’, Jesus would be in genitive. If you saw ‘I listen to the words of Jesus’, the ‘words’ would be in accusative and ‘Jesus’ in genitive. So:
- ἀκουω + gen = person
- ἀκουω + acc = thing heard
Future passive: ἀκουσθησομαι
Aorist passive: ἠκουσθην
Perfect active: ἀκηκοα
Throw
What is the aorist?
What is the future tense?
What is the future and aorist passives?
βαλλω
It has a 2nd aorist: ἐβαλον
This verb is a liquid verb (also with a 2nd aorist for aorist tense), so it’s future tense is: βαλεω (uncontracted for clarity - if contracted would be βαλω). Will have middle voice/deponent endings.
Future passive: βληθησοαμι
Aorist passive: ἐβληθην
See, watch
βλεπω
Remember, θεωρεω means to ‘look at’ or ‘gaze at’, so similar meaning
Teach
διδασκω
Have, hold
Is the future, imperfect, and aorist tense the standard paradigm?
ἐχω
Note the different tenses are unusual for this verb and does not follow the normal rules:
- Future: ἑξω (note the rough breathing)
- Imperfect: εἰχον
- Aorist (this is a second aorist): ἐσχον. The stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods): σχ-
Take, receive
What is the aorist?
What are the future and aorist passives?
λαμβανω
Remember that δεχομαι (deponent verb) also means to ‘receive’
It has a 2nd aorist: ἐλαβον
Future passive: λημφθησομαι
Aorist passive: ἐλημφθην
Say, speak, tell
What is the aorist?
What is important about the 2nd aorist of this verb?
What are the future and aorist passives?
λεγω
λεγω + acc = the thing spoken
λεγω + dative = the person/people that is spoken to
It has a second aorist: εἰπον
- In the 2nd aorist of this verb in other moods (other than indicative), the ἐ is not removed and the stem remains as εἰπ-. So the stem without the ἐ augment (for other moods) is εἰπ-.
- It is actually sometimes found with 1st aorist endings rather than the imperfect/present endings you would expect for the 2nd aorist. Eg, εἰπαν rather than εἰπον for 3rd person plural indicative.
Future passive: ῥεθησομαι or ῥηθησομαι
Aorist passive: ἐρρεθην or ἐρρηθην
Untie
λυω
Seek
ζητεω
E-contract verb
Call
What are the future and aorist passives?
καλεω
E-contract verb
When changing to the future or aorist tense, this verb is irregular as the episilon doesn’t change to ‘eta’ and remains as epsilon. ‘Kaleo’ is the only verb that does that.
Future passive: κληθησομαι
Aorist passive: ἐκληθην
Speak, say
λαλεω
E-contract verb
λαλεω + acc = the thing spoken
λαλεω + dative = the person/people that is spoken to
Do, make
ποιεω
E-contract verb
Keep
τηρεω
E-contract verb
Love, like
φιλεω
E-contract verb
Believe
πιστευω
+ dative
The direct object of ‘I believe’ is written in dative, not accusative. Eg, ‘They believe in God’ = πισευουσιν τῳ θεῳ
look up, receive sight
ἀναβλεπω
Compound verb
ἀνα is a rare preposition meaning ‘upwards’ or ‘again’
Set free, divorce, dismiss
ἀπολυω
Compound verb
Intensified meaning from simply ‘untie’. Means to liberate, give freedom.
Drive out, cast out, throw out
What is the aorist?
ἐκβαλλω
Compound verb
It has a 2nd aorist: ἐξεβαλον
-In the unaugmented form (for other moods), the stem is ἐκβαλ-
It is also a liquid verb, so the future tense is: ἐκβαλεω (ε is uncontracted for clarity)
call upon, name
ἐπικαλεω
Compound verb
E-contract verb
Memory tip: epi = onto, so you are ‘calling onto’
dwell, inhabit, live
κατοικεω
Compound verb
E-contract verb
exhort, request, comfort, encourage
παρακαλεω
Compound verb
E-contract verb
Memory tip: παρα means beside, so you are next to them comforting/encouraging/exhorting/requesting them
take, receive (increased intensity eg, into one’s personal space or home)
παραλαμβανω
Compound verb
Memory: Intensified meaning from simply ‘take/receive’. It means to receive/take into one’s personal space, home, etc. Gives a sense of deep intimacy. This intensity is conveyed by παρα which indicates intimacy and close proximity as it means ‘beside/alongside’
walk about, live
περιπατεω
Compound verb
E-contract verb
Memory tip: περι indicates around/about, so if you imagine drawing a circle and living in it, it is kind of like ‘living among them’ ‘walking about’






















