Verbal Communication

Question 1

What is communication?

Answer 1

The essence of interaction, can be defined as the transfer of meaningful information

Question 2

What is verbal communication?

Answer 2

Words and paralinguistic

Question 3

Nonverbal communication is…

Answer 3

facial expressions, body language, gestures, signs and touches

Question 4

What is locution?

Answer 4

words in a sequence

Question 5

What is illocution?

Answer 5

Context

Question 6

According to _______ we used language to…

Answer 6

Searle (1979)
say how something is
get someone to do something
express feelings
make a commitment
accomplish things

Question 7

What is paralanguage?

Answer 7

How you say something, counts as non-verbal communication.

Question 8

What are the non-linguistic elements of speech?

Answer 8

volume, stress, pitch, speed, tone and pauses

Question 9

Scherer (1974) found…

Answer 9

loud speech is associated with fear and slow speech is associated with boredom

Question 10

Scherer et al., (2001) asked what…

Answer 10

German actors spoke meaningless sentences as if angry. Ps labeled each utterance, and accuracy was similar across 9 cultures

Question 11

What influences communication style?

Answer 11

Brown and Fraser (1979), scene and participants

Question 12

What are social markers?

Answer 12

Cues about who’s speaking

Question 13

What is the Matched Guise Technique?

Answer 13

Investigates attitudes based on speech style

Question 14

Who conducted a meta-analysis in (2012) and what did it find?

Answer 14

Fuertes et al.,

Standard accents were rated favourably in formal settings

Question 15

78% enjoy what…

Answer 15

hearing a range of accents (BBC)

Question 16

Ethnolinguistic Identity Theory (Giles et al., 2009) says…

Answer 16

language or speech style is one of the clearest markers of ethnic identity

Question 17

What is ethnolinguistic vitality?

Answer 17

is an assessment of a groups strengths and weaknesses in demographics, institutional support and control factors

Question 18

Which ethnolinguistic vitality is most likely to go through linguistic change?

Answer 18

Low linguistic vitality (go through language death)

Question 19

What does Speech Accommodation Theory say?

Answer 19

we adapt our speech style to the context

Question 20

What is convergence?

Answer 20

higher status speaker shifts downwards and a lower status speaker shifts upward

Question 21

What is divergence?

Answer 21

lower status speaker shifts upwards, the higher status speaker remains

Question 22

Who proposed Speech Accommodation Theory?

Answer 22

Giles (1984)

Question 23

Who found small gender differences in speech?

Answer 23

Aries (1996)

Question 24

Lakoff (1973) said…

Answer 24

women adopt a tentative speech style as they’re subordinate in society

Question 25

Lakoff (1973) characterised women’s speech by;

Answer 25

expressions of uncertainty
qualifiers
hedges
tag questions
intensifiers

Question 26

What are the criticisms of Lakoff?

Answer 26

Little empirical evidence
exaggerated the differences
powerless speech is used more by low status speakers

Question 27

Who found small support for Lakoff?

Answer 27

Leaper and Robnett (2011)