Verbal Communication Flashcards

(27 cards)

1
Q

What is communication?

A

The essence of interaction, can be defined as the transfer of meaningful information

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2
Q

What is verbal communication?

A

Words and paralinguistic

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3
Q

Nonverbal communication is…

A

facial expressions, body language, gestures, signs and touches

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4
Q

What is locution?

A

words in a sequence

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5
Q

What is illocution?

A

Context

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6
Q

According to _______ we used language to…

A
Searle (1979)
say how something is
get someone to do something
express feelings
make a commitment
accomplish things
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7
Q

What is paralanguage?

A

How you say something, counts as non-verbal communication.

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8
Q

What are the non-linguistic elements of speech?

A

volume, stress, pitch, speed, tone and pauses

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9
Q

Scherer (1974) found…

A

loud speech is associated with fear and slow speech is associated with boredom

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10
Q

Scherer et al., (2001) asked what…

A

German actors spoke meaningless sentences as if angry. Ps labeled each utterance, and accuracy was similar across 9 cultures

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11
Q

What influences communication style?

A

Brown and Fraser (1979), scene and participants

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12
Q

What are social markers?

A

Cues about who’s speaking

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13
Q

What is the Matched Guise Technique?

A

Investigates attitudes based on speech style

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14
Q

Who conducted a meta-analysis in (2012) and what did it find?

A

Fuertes et al.,

Standard accents were rated favourably in formal settings

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15
Q

78% enjoy what…

A

hearing a range of accents (BBC)

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16
Q

Ethnolinguistic Identity Theory (Giles et al., 2009) says…

A

language or speech style is one of the clearest markers of ethnic identity

17
Q

What is ethnolinguistic vitality?

A

is an assessment of a groups strengths and weaknesses in demographics, institutional support and control factors

18
Q

Which ethnolinguistic vitality is most likely to go through linguistic change?

A

Low linguistic vitality (go through language death)

19
Q

What does Speech Accommodation Theory say?

A

we adapt our speech style to the context

20
Q

What is convergence?

A

higher status speaker shifts downwards and a lower status speaker shifts upward

21
Q

What is divergence?

A

lower status speaker shifts upwards, the higher status speaker remains

22
Q

Who proposed Speech Accommodation Theory?

23
Q

Who found small gender differences in speech?

24
Q

Lakoff (1973) said…

A

women adopt a tentative speech style as they’re subordinate in society

25
Lakoff (1973) characterised women's speech by;
``` expressions of uncertainty qualifiers hedges tag questions intensifiers ```
26
What are the criticisms of Lakoff?
Little empirical evidence exaggerated the differences powerless speech is used more by low status speakers
27
Who found small support for Lakoff?
Leaper and Robnett (2011)