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Advanced Social Psychology > Reducing prejudice > Flashcards

Reducing prejudice Flashcards

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1
Q

Why tackle prejudice in children?

A

linked to low self-esteem and peer rejection (Verkyten, 2001)
UN children’s act
easier than changing adult’s opinions

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2
Q

Who develops theory driven interventions?

A

practitioners design and implement

psychologists develop theories

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3
Q

What are the approaches to reducing prejudice in children?

A

socialisation
empathy
cognitive development

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4
Q

What is the socialisation approach?

A

children’s attitudes reflect those of the community (Nesdale, 2004)

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5
Q

Which approach is favoured by practitioners?

A

Socialisation

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6
Q

What was the Sesame Street Race Relations Curriculum? (Graves, 1999)

A

an attempt to challenge young children’s racial stereotypes and attitudes

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7
Q

What were the aims of the SSRRC (Graves, 1999)

A

emphasis similarities
embrace differences
promote inclusion

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8
Q

What was the result of the SSRRC?

A

1500 children said parents of character would be angry for playing with an out group member

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9
Q

What was wrong with the measures of the SSRRC

A

changes in stereotypes and attitudes were not obtained and European American adults were not shown.

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10
Q

What did Litcher and Johnson (1969) do on multicultural readers?

A

evaluated a four week programme, children read stories featuring counter-sterotypical African American characters

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11
Q

What were the findings of Litcher and Johnson (1969)?

A

prejudice levels were lower following intervention

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12
Q

Koeller (1977) exposed European American children to stories of Mexican Americans…

A

but they did not lead to more positive intergroup attitudes

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13
Q

McAdoo (1970) after evaluation concluded…

A

multicultural readers strengthens negative stereotypes

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14
Q

Why do socialisation interventions fail?

A

based on old research
learning theory approach (children are passive)
Neuberg (1996) people ignore contradictory information
focuses on cultural differences
unconscious negative feelings are stronger (Tropp and Pettigrew, 1995)

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15
Q

What is emotional empathy?

A

the ability to experience the feelings of another person in response to a particular situation

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16
Q

What is cognitive empathy?

A

knowledge of the norms and world views of other groups

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17
Q

What does a lack of empathy lead to?

A

prejudice

18
Q

Nesdale, Griffith, Durkin and Maass (2005) with 150 white Anglo Australian children…

A

found empathy is not linked to liking for the same ethnic out group but is linked to liking for a different outgroup

19
Q

Who started the eyes experiment?

A

Elliot in the 1960s

20
Q

Blue eyes are…

A

cleverer and superior to brown eyed people

21
Q

Brown eyes are…

A

lazy and stupid

22
Q

Step 2 of the eyes study….

A

favoured blue eyes giving extra privileges

23
Q

Step 3 of the eyes study…

A

reversed roles

24
Q

Weiner and Wright (1973) evaluated what study?

A

The eyes study

25
Q

Weiner and Wright (1973) found…

A

Ps more willing to engage with the outgroup

26
Q

A flaw with Weiner and Wright (1973) was…

A

they didn’t measure if it increased empathy

27
Q

Cognitive empathy works by…

A

increasing perceived similarity

28
Q

Batson’s (1997) 3 stage process of changing intergroup attitudes…

A

1- empathic concern for the individual
2- value the welfare of said individual
3- concern generalises within the group
(guilt/shame are involved)

29
Q

Empathy interventions are limited by…

A

only effective with older children

30
Q

Aboud (1988) proposed what theory?

A

cognitive-developmental theory

31
Q

What is cognitive-developmental theory based on?

A

prejudice in children is a result of their maturing cognitive abilities

32
Q

Piaget (1970) on CDT said…

A

we have a tendency to sort things into rigid categories (multiple classification skills)

33
Q

Bigler and Liben (1993) said multiple classification skills among 4-9 year olds…

A

are better and less gender and ethnic stereotypical

34
Q

Limitations with Bigler and Liben’s interventions are…

A

not linked to out group attitudes (Bigler, 1995)

35
Q

Cameron et al (2007) found…

A

training did not result in more positive out group attitudes

36
Q

Intergroup contact theory (Allport, 1954) says…

A

bringing together members of different groups should reduce prejudice under the right conditions

37
Q

Conditions for intergroup contact theory are…

A 
equal status
common goals
intergroup cooperation
support by authority
personal interaction
38
Q

An effective form of contact is (Pettigrew, 1997)

A

friendship

39
Q

Wright et al (1997) learning about what can reduce prejudice?

A

friendship of others

40
Q

Stephan and Stephan (1985) contact can create…

A

intergroup anxiety

Advanced Social Psychology (7 decks)

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