Verbal communication

Question 1

What is language

Answer 1

• a system of arbitrary symbols of ideas or things being refered to

Question 2

Misunderstandings ca occur when

Answer 2

• there is an indirect relationship between symbols and what is being referred to

Question 3

Triangle of meaning includes three things

Answer 3

1. thought
2. symbol
3. referent

Question 4

Syntactic rules

Answer 4

• rules that govern the way symbols can be arranged as opposed to the meaning of the symbols
• order
  EXAMPLE: “the big toe, has a different meaning than the toe big”

Question 5

Sematic rules

Answer 5

• govern the meaning assigned to words
• refer to word orders

Question 6

Equivical language

Answer 6

• consists of words with more than one commonly accepted definition
  EXAMPLE: groom

Question 7

Pragmatic rules

Answer 7

• help communicators understand how messages may be used and interpreted in a given context

Question 8

pragmatic rules consist of

Answer 8

• denotative meaning
• connotative meaning

Question 9

Abstraction

Answer 9

• language that is vague and unclear

Question 10

Bypassing

Answer 10

• that same words mean different things to different people

Question 11

low contet cultures

Answer 11

• place emphasis on worlds

Question 12

High context cultures

Answer 12

• place emphasis on non verbal expressions and surrounding context

Question 13

Convergence

Answer 13

• adapting ones speech style to match that of others whom the communicator wants to identify with

Question 14

Divergence

Answer 14

• speech mannerism that emphasize the communicators diffrences from others

Question 15

Deferential language

Answer 15

• language style in which the speaker defers listners by using hedges, hesitations, intensifiers, polite forms, tag question, and disclaimers

Question 16

Hedge examples

Answer 16

• kinda
• think
• guess

Question 17

Hesitations Examples

Answer 17

• uh
  well
  er

Question 18

Intenifier examples

Answer 18

• really
• very

Question 19

Polite forms examples

Answer 19

• excuse me
• sir

Question 20

Tag question examples

Answer 20

• its about time we got started, isnt it
• dont you thing we should give it another try

Question 21

Disclaimers examples

Answer 21

• I probably shouldn’t say this but
• i’m bot really sure but

Question 22

Disruptive language consists of

Answer 22

• fact opinion confusion
• inference
• emotive language

Question 23

fact opinion confusion

Answer 23

• also called fact inference confusion
• occurs when inference’s of assumptions are presented as facts

Question 24

Infrence

Answer 24

• a conculsion that is arrived at, from an interpretation of evidence

Question 25

Emotive language

Answer 25

• describes something but really announces the speakers positive or negative attitude towards a person, situation, or topic

Question 26

i language

Answer 26

• a statement that describes the speakers reaction to another persons behaviour without making judgements about the behaviours worth

Question 27

“i” language advantages

Answer 27

• takes responsibility for personal thought, feelings and wants
• less defence provokinking that
  ‘you
  ‘ langauge

Question 28

“i” langage disadvantages

Answer 28

• can be perceived as egotistical, narcissitic, and self-absorbed

Question 29

tips when using “I” language

Answer 29

• use i language when the other person doesnt previeve the problem
• combine “i” with “we” lanuage

Question 30

“we” langauge advantages

Answer 30

• signals inclusion, immediacy, cohesiveness, and commitment

Question 31

“we” langauge disadvantages

Answer 31

• can speak improperly for others

Question 32

“we” language tips

Answer 32

• combine with “i” language
• use in groups setting to enhance unity
• avoid expressing personal thoughts, feelings, and wants

Question 33

“you” langauge advantages

Answer 33

• signals other orientation, particullarly when the topic is positive

Question 34

“you” langauage disadvantages

Answer 34

• xan sound evaluative and judgemental, particullary during confrontations

Question 35

“you” langauge tips

Answer 35

• use”i” language during confrontations
• use “you” language when praising others

Question 36

Metamessages

Answer 36

• can be exchanged verbally or nonverbally
• communication about communication

Question 37

Non-verbal metamessages

Answer 37

• provides information about the emotion and relation of impact of what the speaker is expressing with the verbal message
• could be sacasm

Question 38

Misunderstandings is coaused by

Answer 38

• the ineffective ise of verbal messages

Question 39

Figurative langaue

Answer 39

• do not conform to the sematic rule

Question 40

Metaphor

Answer 40

• involves an impicit comparision of two things that are not alike
  EXAMPLE: time is money

Question 41

Irony

Answer 41

• the use of language that indicate two opposing ideas
  EXAMPLE: open secret

Question 42

Idiom

Answer 42

• worlds that provide artistic expression of ideas
• can be used to amplify messages
  EXAMPLE: knowledge is power

Question 43

Informal lanuage consists of

Answer 43

• jargon
• colloquialism
• slang

Question 44

Jargon

Answer 44

• specialized words used by a certain group
• often difficult to understand by an outsider group

Question 45

Colloquialism

Answer 45

• use of informal worlds in everyday langauge
  EXAMPLE: wanna, gunna

Question 46

Slang

Answer 46

• informal worlds used in day to day communication by certain groups who share certain characteristics
• commonly used when speaking

Question 47

Guidelines for using verbal messages effectively (6 things)

Answer 47

1. focus on the actual
2. recognize complexity
3. distinguish between facts and inferences
4. avoid indiscrimination
5. talk about the middle
6. update messages

Question 48

Label orientation

Answer 48

• avoid
• tendency to view people, objects, and events in a way they are labeled