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Neuro Block 5 > Ventricular System > Flashcards

Ventricular System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the CSF do for the brain

A

Let’s it partially float in the skull cavity

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2
Q

How ar the four ventricles of the brain connected

A

Thigh out narrow pipe like openings

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3
Q

Where is the CSF primarily produced

A

Brain ventricles

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4
Q

The CSF acts as a buffer to do what

A

Absorb stress transferred through the rigid skull

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5
Q

CSF circulation

A

Ventricles to surface of brain and then drains in venous sinuses of skull

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6
Q

CSF circulates ____________ from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space to the venous sinuses of the brain

A

Unidirectional

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7
Q

Pathology due to disruption of CSF circulation causes what

A

Hydrocephalus

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8
Q

What are the 4 brain ventricles

A
  • 2 lateral ventricles
  • third ventricle
  • fourth ventricle
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9
Q

CSF production and circulation

A
  • choroid plexus
  • expend y’all lining of choroid plexus
  • choroid plexus produces the CSF
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10
Q

What produces the CSF

A

Choroid plexus

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11
Q

Disruption of CSF circulation

A

Hydrocephalus

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12
Q

Where are the lateral ventricle located

A

In each hemisphere

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13
Q

Where is the third ventricle located

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle located

A

Between the pons and medulla, and the cerebellum

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15
Q

Located in the caudal medulla and spinal cord; usually not patent over much of its existence

A

Central canal

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16
Q

Communications between ventricles

A
  • interventricular foramina (of monro) - lateral and third ventricle
  • cerebral aqueduct (Sylvius)
  • foramina of Lushka and Magendie
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17
Q

Which lobes do the C shaped lateral ventricles course through?

A

All of the lobes of the cerebral hemispheres in which they reside

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18
Q

What are the five parts of each lateral ventricle

A
  • anterior horn (frontal lobe)
  • body (frontal and parietal)
  • posterior horn (occipital)
  • inferior horn (temporal)
  • atrium or trigone (body and posterior and inferior horns meet here )
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19
Q

What is the third ventricle

A

A midline slit in the diencephalon

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20
Q

What is the lateral wall of the third ventricle

A

A medial surface of the thalamus and hypothalamus and part of the hypothalamus forms its floor

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21
Q

Roof of the third ventricle

A

Thin membranous roof containing choroid plexus

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22
Q

Anteriorly, ther third ventricle ends at the __________

A

Lamina terminalis

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23
Q

At the posterior end of hte maillary body, the third ventriclal does what

A

Narrows fairly abruptly to become the cerebral aqueduct (sylvius)

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24
Q

Where does the interventricular foramen lay

A

In the anterior part of each wall of the third ventricle

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25
Q

Recess of the third ventricle, inferiorly

A

Inferiorly, the optic recess lies in front of the optic chiasm at the base of the lamina terminalis

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26
Q

Where does the infundibular recess of the third ventricle lay

A

Behind the chiasm

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27
Q

Superior recess of third ventricle

A

Pineal recess invades the stalk of the pineal gland

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28
Q

Suprapineal recess of third ventricle

A

Lies just anterior to stalk of pineal gland

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29
Q

Where is the fourth ventricle situated

A

Between the cerebellum posteriorly and the pons and rostral medulla anteriorly

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30
Q

Shape of fourth ventricle

A

Like a tent with a doubly peaked roof, the peaks protruding into the cerebellum

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31
Q

The portion of the roof of the fourth ventricle rostral to the peak

A

Superior medullary velum

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32
Q

The portion of the roof of the fourth ventricle caudal to the peak

A

Inferior medullary velum

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33
Q

The floor of the fourth ventricle is referred to as

A

Rhomboid fossa

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34
Q

At the lateral point of the floor of the ventricle becomes a narrow tube that proceeds anteriorly and curves around the brainstem. This tubular prolongation is the what

A

Lateral recess of the fourth ventricle, aka the foramen of Lushka

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35
Q

Where does CSF exit the system

A

Foramen of Luschka

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36
Q

What does hte fourth ventricle communicate with

A

Subarachnoid cisterns

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37
Q

What do the lateral and third ventricle communicate with

A

Only with other parts of the ventricular system, each having only one draining opening

38
Q

What does the lateral ventricle communicate with

A

Each other and the 3rd ventricle through the interventricular foramen (Monroe)

39
Q

How does the 3rd ventricle communicate with the 4th ventricle

A

Through the relatively long canal- the cerebral canal aka aqueduct of Sylvius

40
Q

What happens if there is obstruction of the ventricles

A

Block the free circulation of CSF

41
Q

How many aperture in the fourth ventricle

A

3

Through which the ventricular system communicates freely with subarachnoid space

42
Q

What are the 3 apertures of the 4th ventricle

A

–median aperture (foramen of magendie)
-the two lateral apertures
(Foramina of Luschka)

43
Q

Clear, colorless fluid surrounding the brain and spine

44
Q

Where is CSF produced

A

Choroid plexuses

45
Q

Functions of CSF

A

Acts as a cushion or buffer

46
Q

What does CSF occupy

A

Ventricular system and the subarachnoidal space

47
Q

How does CSF circulate

A

Unidirectionally from ventricles to surface of brain

48
Q

How is CSF propelled

A

Forward passively through the pulsation of the brain circulation, no active propulsion

49
Q

How much CSF within and around brain and spinal cord

50
Q

How much CSF in ventricles

51
Q

What is turnaround time for CSF

A

3.5 times a day

52
Q

CSF circulation

A

Lateral ventricles–3rd ventricle–4th ventricle–subarachnoid space–venous sinuses

53
Q

All four ventricles contain strands of highly convoluted and vascular membranous material called ________

A

Choroidal plexus

54
Q

Lateral ventricle and chorda plexus

A

There is a band of choroid plexus in each arterial ventricle

55
Q

The plexus is enlarged in the region of the atrium, and here it is called the ______

56
Q

Choroid plexus and age

A

Becomes calcified

57
Q

Choroid plexus in the lateral ventricles

A

Grows through the interventricular foramen, forming part of its posterior wall

58
Q

How is the choroid plexus formed

A

By an evagination of the ependymal layer of cells containing arterioles, capillaries, and venules

59
Q

Epedndymal layer of choroid plexus

A

Specialized as cuboidal, secretory epithelium, the choroid epithelium

60
Q

How does the choroid plexus generate CSF?

A

By filtering blood

61
Q

Fenestrated endothelium in choroid capillaries

A

Allows plasma and fluid through, but blocks cells

62
Q

Draining of CSF

A
  • 4th ventricle through foramina, up and over cerebral hemispheres, through arachnoid Vvilli and into the superior sagittal sinus
  • some goes into subarachnoid space around spinal cord. It makes it way caudally to lumbar cistern
  • most is returned to venous system through arachnoid villi that penetrate dural sleeves
63
Q

Does the CSF in the subarachnoid space penetrate through to the pia mater?

64
Q

Small protrusions of the arachnoid through the dura mater

A

Arachnoid granulation (arachnoid villi)

65
Q

What do the arachnoid granulation (villi) allow

A

They protrude into the venous sinuses of the brain and allow CSF to exit the sub arachnoid space and enter the blood stream

66
Q

Where do the largest arachnoid granulation lie?

A

Superior sagittal sinus

67
Q

What is produced by arachnoid granulation on the inner surface of cranial bones

A

Small pits called granular fovea

68
Q

What are smaller arachnoid granulation called

69
Q

What do the arachnoid granulation act as

A

One way valves

70
Q

Rate of CSF production independent of what

A

Blood pressure and intra-ventricular pressure

71
Q

Fluid continues to be produces even if the path of its circulation is blocked. When this happens, CSF pressure rises, ventricles expand creating condition called

A

Hydrocephalus

72
Q

Hydrocephalus can result from

A
  • excess production of CSF
  • blockage of CSF circulation
  • deficiency in CSF reabsorption
  • ex vacuo
73
Q

What is the most common cause of hydrocephalus

A

Blockage of CSF circulation

74
Q

Blockage of CSF by tumors of the choroid plexus (papilloma)

A

Hydrocephalus

75
Q

Ventricles still communicate, blockage is outside

A

Communicating hydrocephalus

76
Q

Blockage is within the ventricles (aqueduct)

A

Non communicating hydrocephalus

77
Q

Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure

A
  • headache
  • nausea/vomitting
  • papilledema, except in normal pressure hydrocephalus
  • changes in consciousness (sleepiness to coma)
  • brain herniation (life threatening)
78
Q

What type of hydrocephalus effects elderly most

A

Normal pressure hydrocephalus

79
Q

In 50% of cases of normal pressure hydrocephalus, an idiopathic __________ increase in ICP occurs

A

Intermittent

80
Q

Some causes of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A
  • meningitis
  • subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • atherosclerosis
81
Q

What does normal pressure hydrocephalus result from

A

Decreased reabsorption of CSF at the arachnoid granulations

82
Q

Presentation of normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

Classic triad of bladder incontinence dementia, and ataxia (wet, wacky, wobbly)

83
Q

What is there no presence of in normal pressure hydrocephalus

A

No papilledema or headaches

84
Q

Diagnosis for normal pressure hydrocephalus q

A

Clinical signs, with CT/MRI showing ventriculomegaly

85
Q

Pseudotumor cerebri is 8-10 times more common in _____

86
Q

What is pseudotumor cerebri associated with

A

Obesity and oral contraceptives

87
Q

Identified cause of pseudotumor cerebri

A

Usually none

88
Q

Presentation of pseudotumor cerebri

A

Headache, visual disturbances such as diplopia and sixth cranial nerve palsy (abducens)

89
Q

What is a characteristic sign of pseudotumor cerebri

A

Papilledema

90
Q

Cranial pressure in pseudotumor cerebri

Neuro Block 5 (11 decks)

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