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Neuro Block 5 > Blood Supply To The Brain > Flashcards

Blood Supply To The Brain Flashcards

1
Q

Two arterial systems supply the brain:

A 
Internal carotid arteries (80%)
Vertebral arteries (20%)
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2
Q

What does the internal carotid arteries supply

A

Most of telencephalon and diencephalon

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3
Q

What does the vertebral arteries supply

A
  • brainstem
  • cerebellum
  • parts of diencephalon
  • spinal cord
  • occipital and temporal lobes
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4
Q

Has a cervical and intracranial part and ascends through side of the neck until it reaches the temporal bone, where it veers anteriorly

A

Internal carotid artery

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5
Q

In the carotid canal, the internal carotid gives this small branch

A

Ramus caroticotimpanicus

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6
Q

How does the internal carotid artery enter the skull

A

Traverses the temporal bone, entering the skull through the carotid canal

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7
Q

What is the first branch of the internal carotid artery

A

Ophthalmic artery

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8
Q

How does the internal carotid artery run through skull

A

Passes through the cavernous sinus and he subarachnoid space at the base of the brain

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9
Q

How does the ophthalmic branch of internal carotid artery leave skull

A

Through the superior optic foramen

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10
Q

What artery does the ophthalmic artery give rise to

A

Central retinal artery

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11
Q

As the internal carotid artery proceeds alongside the optic chiasm, what other branches does it give off?

A

The anterior choroidal artery and the posterior communicating artery

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12
Q

What does the internal carotid turn into and continue as?

A

MCA

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13
Q

What is the first branch off of the MCA

A

ACA

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14
Q

How does the ACA run

A

Medically, superior to the optic nerve and enters the longitudinal fissure

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15
Q

How are the two ACA connected

A

Near their entrance into the longitudinal fissure, are connected by the anterior communicating artery

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16
Q

What happens to the ACA after the connection with the anterior communicating artery

A

Enters the longitudinal fissure and curves around the corpus callosum

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17
Q

What does ACA supply

A

Medial parts of the frontal and parietal lobes

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18
Q

What does ACA branch into

A
  • callosomarginal artery follows the cingulate sulcus

- continues as the pericallosal artery which stays immediately adjacent to the corpus callosum

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19
Q

Occlusion of ACA

A

Causes restricted contralateral motor and somatosensory deficits affecting the leg more than other parts of the body

20
Q

MCA after the cavernous sinus

A

Proceeds posteriorly in the lateral sulcus, divides into a number of branches that supply the insula, emerges from the lateral sulcus and spread out to supply most of the lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere

21
Q

Occlusion of MCA

A

Causes major motor and somatosensory deficit especially in upper body and hand

22
Q

The segments of the MCA and what occlusions mean there

A

The lower the number, the more proximally the artery gets occluded and more serious the consequences

23
Q

How many branches does the MCA give rise to

A

12 that supply deep structures of the diencephalon and telencephalon

24
Q

What are the branches of the MCA that supply the deep structures of the diencephalon and the telencephalon

A

Lenticulostriate arteries

25
Q

Where are perforating arteries (lenticulostriate) numerous

A

Adjacent to optic chiasm and in area between the cerebral peduncles. These areas areas are called the anterior and posterior perforated substances

26
Q

How do the vertebral basilar arteries run

A
  • Rostral (up) through the foramina of the lateral processes of the spinal vertebrae
  • enter the skull cavity through the foramen magnum
  • fuse between the medulla and pons to form basilar artery
27
Q

What foramen does vertebral arteries run through

A

Magnum

28
Q

Branches of the vertebral arteries

A
  • posterior spinal artery
  • anterior spinal artery
  • posterior interfering cerebrally artery (PICA)
29
Q

Runs caudally along the posteriolateral aspect of the spinal cord and supplies the posterior third of that half of the cord

A

Posterior spinal artery

30
Q

Joins its counterpart from the opposite side, forming a single anterior spinal artery that runs caudally along the anterior midline of the spinal cord supplying the anterior two third of the cord

A

Anterior spinal artery

31
Q

Branches of the basilar artery

A
  • numerous unnamed branches
  • anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
  • superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
32
Q

At the level of the midbrain, what does the basilar artery bifurcate into

A

The two posterior cerebral arteries (PCA)

33
Q

What supplies the thalami

A

Perforating branches of the posterior cerebral artery

34
Q

What supplies the choroid plexus of the third and the lateral ventricle

A

Choroidal branches of the posterior cerebral artery

35
Q

What are the cortical branches of the posterior cerebral artery

A
  • anterior temporal
  • posterior temporal
  • lateral occipital
  • medial occipital
36
Q

What supplies the visual cortex

A

The medial occipital branch of the posterior cerebral artery

37
Q

What does the lateral artery of the posterior cerebral artery branch into

A

Anterior, middle, and posterior inferior temporal arteries

38
Q

What does the circle of willis connect

A

The internal carotid and the vertebral basilar systems

39
Q

What completes the arteries life polygon known as the circle of willis

A

The posterior cerebral artery is connected to the internal carotid by the posterior communicating artery

40
Q

Communicating arteries and alternate routes

A

The communicating arteries vary in size and more often are not sufficient to ensure functional anastomoses

41
Q

How does the circle of willis look in different people

A

Asymmetries are common

42
Q

Venous drainage of the brain

A

Between inner and outer layers of the dura mater

  • receive blood from brain as wells as CSF from subarachnoid space
  • collected by dural venous sinuses
  • these drain into internal jugular
43
Q

Valves in CNS veins

A

None

44
Q

Process where cerebral blood vessels act to maintain constant flow

A

Autoregulation

45
Q

Cerebral angiogram

A
  • dye
  • catheter into femoral artery, threading it up to aorta, to artery of choice
  • rapid series of X ray pics

Neuro Block 5 (11 decks)

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