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Neuro Block 5 > Gross Anatomy Study Qs > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Study Qs Flashcards

1
Q

What brain regions comprise the cerebrum

A
  • telecephalon (cerebral cortex, subcortical regions)

- diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus )

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2
Q

What Brian regions does the telecephalon refer to?

A

Cerebral cortex

Subcortical regiona

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3
Q

What brain regions does the diencephalon refer to?

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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4
Q

List the major brain regions in caudal to rostral order

A 
Forebrain
-telencephalon
-diencephalon 
-lateral ventricle (and thrid)
Midbrain 
-mesencephalon
Hindbrain
-metencephalon
-myelencephalon 
Spinal cord
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5
Q

What is the spatial or anatomical relationships between the pons and cerebellum in terms of directional axes?

A

Cerebellum is posterior to pons

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6
Q

Is the pons more rostral or caudal than the cerebellum?

A

Rostral

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7
Q

Is the pons more anterior or posterior than the cerebellum

A

Anterior

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8
Q

Is the pons more dorsal or ventral than the cerebellum

A

Ventral

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9
Q

What neural structures comprise the vertebral compartment vs peripheral level?

A 
Vertebral compartment 
-spinal cord, dorsal and ventral roots
-motor and somatosensory exams
Periphery 
-somatic/visceral nerves, reflexes
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10
Q

The adult human brain is still a fluid filled tube. Which ventricle or ventricular structure lies at the deepest part of the telencephalon?

A

Lateral ventricle

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11
Q

Deepest ventricular part of the diencephalon

A

3rd ventricle

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12
Q

What is the deepest ventricular structure in the midbrain

A

Cerebral aqueduct

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13
Q

What is the ventricular structure between the pons and the cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

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14
Q

What is the ventricular stature between the medulla and the cerebellum

A

4th ventricle

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15
Q

What ventricular structure is within the spinal cord

A

Central canal

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16
Q

Name all of the dural compartments of the nervous system

A
  • supratentorial
  • infratentorial
  • vertebral
  • peripheral
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17
Q

What dural structures form the divisions or borders between the various dural compartments of the nervous system?

A

Tentorium cerebelli

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18
Q

What brain structures are separated by the falx cerebri

A

Right and left cerebral hemispheres

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19
Q

What brain structures are separated by the falx cerebelli

A

Right and left cerebellar hemispheres

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20
Q

What brain structures are separated by the tentorium cerebelli

A

Cerebrum and cerebellum

21
Q

What does the term tentorial notch refer to

A

Hole created by tentorium cerebellum

22
Q

What dural compartment contains cerebrum

A

Supratentorial

23
Q

Functions of cerebrum that are tested by exam

A
  • mental status
  • awake/oriented
  • olfactory/visual
  • cognition/language
  • emotional/behavioral regulations
  • hypothalamic/pituitary functions
24
Q

Which dural compartment contains the brainstem and the cerebellum

A

Infratentorial

25
Q

Functions of brainstem in exam that are tested

A

Changes in cranial nerve functions

26
Q

Functions of the cerebellum and the exams that are tested

A

Motor coordination

27
Q

Which dural compartment contains olfactory tracts and structures involved?

A

Supratentorial

28
Q

Which dural compartment contains all visual system stuff?

A

Supratentorial

29
Q

Which dura compartment contains CN 3-12?

A

Infratentorial

30
Q

What cranial nerve functions are tested in the neurological exam

A
  • pupillary reflex
  • eye movement
  • face sensation
  • muscle coordination
  • blink reflex
  • speech
  • head movement
  • tongue protrusion
31
Q

If neurosurgeon planned to insert a manometer into a lateral ventricle, list the meningeal layers or spaces and the general brain region that it would cross through starting from the skull and ending in the lateral ventricle

A 
Dura
Arachnoid
Pia
Cerebrum 
Corpus callosum
32
Q

Which specific meningeal layer contains pain sensitive fibers?

A

Dura

33
Q

Which specific nerves carry the sensory information from the dura to the CNS

A 
Mostly trigeminal (V)
Some vagus (X) and cervical nerves
34
Q

What type of blood vessel ruptures in an epidural hemorrhage?

A

Meningeal artery

35
Q

Describe the location where the bleeding accumulates and forms a hematoma from a epidural hemorrhage

A

Above dura (between skull and dura)

36
Q

Is the bleeding from an epidural hemorrhage in direct contact with the brain tissue?

A

No

37
Q

Would an API dural hemorrhage change intracranial pressure?

A

Yes

38
Q

What are some specific neurological signs that would likely develop from epidural hemorrhage that causes increased pressure?

A 
Headache 
Nausea/vomitting
Impaired consciousness 
Skull
Increased systemic blood pressure
Bradycardia 
Papilledema
39
Q

Would bleeding from an epidural hemorrhage be detected by sampling CSF from a lumbar puncture?

A

Yes

40
Q

Under what circumstances would a lumbar puncture be contraindicated?

A

Increased intracranial pressure suspected, can cause herniations

Infection or mass

41
Q

What type of blood vessel ruptures in a typical subdural hemorrhage?

A

Cerebral veins

42
Q

Describe the location where the blood would accumulate in a subdural hemorrhage

A

Between dura and arachnoid

43
Q

Is the blood from a subdural hemorrhage in direct contact with the brain tissue?

A

No

44
Q

Would subdural hemorrhage change intracranial pressure?

A

Yes

45
Q

What type of blood vessel structure ruptures in a typica subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Bleeding between arachnoid layer and pia/brain, into CSF space

46
Q

Is the blood from a subarachnoid hemorrhage in direct contact with the brain?

A

Yes

47
Q

Describe what a normal optic disc looks like in an ophthalmoscopy count or fundascopic exam and contrast it with the appearance of papilledema

A

Diffuse edges, not distinct edges or cups, lose contours, rippled effects along perimeter

48
Q

What clinical problem does papilledema indicate?

A

Increased intracranial pressure

Pseudotumor cerebri

Neuro Block 5 (11 decks)

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