Ventricles, hemispheres, venous sinus and skull base Flashcards
foramen magnum importance
cervicomedullary junction
2 vertebral arteries - important for all the nervous functions of the head
2 optic canals importance
optic nerve II - for vision
2 foramina ovale importance
mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve V3 - needle entry point for trigeminal nerve anaesthesia
2 foramina rotundum importance
maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve V2 - numb patch on face after trauma
2 jugular foramen importance
sigmoid sinuses go through this to become internal jugular veins
main venous outflow tracts for blood from the brain
cribriform plate importance
many small holes for olfactory receptors - anosmia after trauma
2 superior orbital fissures importance
oculomotor III
trochlear IV
ophthalmic V1
abducens VI
pupil dilation, drooping eyelid, eye movement syndrome, forehead sensation
2 internal auditory meatii importance
facial VII
vestibulocochlear VIII
unilateral sensorineural deafness in vestibular schwannoma
2 stylomastoid fromenina importance
facial nerves VII
2 carotid canals importance
internal carotid artery
2 formaina spinosa importance
middle meaningless artery
artery may be damaged further up, deep to pteryon
what bones form the skull base
occipital temporal sphenoid frontal ethmoid
maxillary and palatine if view from below
what are the main veins in the brain
superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
right and left transverse sinus
right and left sigmoid sinus
cavernous sinus
jugular vein
what is cerebral venus sinus thrombosis
presence of acute thrombosis (a blood clot) in the dural venous sinuses
what are the risk factors for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
infection in the mastoids or orbits
inherited thrombophilic disorders
- myeloproliferative disorders
acquired thrombophilic disorders
- OCP
- dehydration
- cancer
- sepsis
pregnancy + post part period
what are the symptoms of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
headaches stroke seizures decreased conscious state nasuea vomiting papilloedema visual obstruction intracranial hypertension
what is the treatment for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
anticoagulation
- even if there is a hemorrhagic venous infarction
usually complete recovery with treatment
what are the ventricles in the brain
right and left lateral
third
fourth
how are the ventricles connected
inter ventricular foramen (munro) connects laterals to third
cerebral aqueduct (sylvius) connects third to fourth
where does the fourth ventricle empty into and how
empties into the subarachnoid space
- through median aperture (foramen of magendie)
- through two lateral apertures (forming of luschka)
