NEW cranial nerves

Question 1

what are the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 1

olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens 
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal

Question 2

olfactory origin and foramen

Answer 2

olfactory bulbs

cribriform plate

Question 3

optic origin and foramen

Answer 3

diencephalon

optic canal

Question 4

oculomotor origin and foramen

Answer 4

midbrain

superior orbital fissure

Question 5

trochlear origin and foramen

Answer 5

midbrain

superior orbital fissure

Question 6

trigeminal origin and foramen

Answer 6

V1,2,3 - pons

V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

Question 7

abducens origin and foramen

Answer 7

pons, medulla

superior orbital fissure

Question 8

facial origin and foramen

Answer 8

pons, medulla

internal acoustic meatus

Question 9

vestibulocochlear origin and foramen

Answer 9

pons, medulla

internal auditory meatus

Question 10

glossopharyngeal origin and foramen

Answer 10

medulla

jugular foramen

Question 11

vagus origin and foramen

Answer 11

medulla

stylomastoid foramen

Question 12

accessory origin and foramen

Answer 12

medulla/spinal cord

foramen magnum

Question 13

hypoglossal origin and foramen

Answer 13

medulla

hypoglossal canal

Question 14

olfactory innervation and function

Answer 14

nose

SENSORY - smell

Question 15

optic innervation and function

Answer 15

eye - retina

SENSORY - vision

Question 16

oculomotor innervation and function

Answer 16

eye muscles

MOTOR - eye movement

Question 17

trochlear innervation and function

Answer 17

Superior oblique muscle (eye)

MOTOR - eye intorsion

Question 18

trigeminal innervation and function

Answer 18

V1 - upper face
SENSORY - forehead, nose, nasal cavity, etc

V2 - mid face
SENSORY - lower eyelid, upper teeth/lip, check, nose

V3 - lower face, muscles of mastication
SENSORY - tongue, lower teeth/lip, chin, mastication muscles
MOTOR - chewing by muscles of mastication

Question 19

abducens innervation and function

Answer 19

lateral rectus (eye)
MOTOR - eye abduction

Question 20

facial innervation and function

Answer 20

facial muscles, anterior tongue
SENSORY - taste
MOTOR - muscles of scalp/ear

Question 21

vestibulocochlear innervation and function

Answer 21

inner ear

SENSORY - balance, equilibrium, hearing

Question 22

glossopharyngeal innervation and function

Answer 22

posterior tongue, carotid artery, pharynx
SENSORY - taste, blood pressure, blood O2,
MOTOR - sweating

Question 23

vagus innervation and function

Answer 23

heart, pharynx, viscera
SENSORY - viscera, pharynx
MOTOR - heart, gut

Question 24

accessory innervation and function

Answer 24

neck,back muscles

MOTOR - neck and back

Question 25

hypoglossal innervation and function

Answer 25

tongue muscles | MOTOR - tongue musculature

Question 26

what are the names of the 3 trigeminal branches

Answer 26

V1 - ophthalmic V2 - maxillary V3 - mandbular

Question 27

what are the names of the 5 facial branches

Answer 27

``` 1 - temporal 2 - zygomatic 3 - buccal 4 - mandibular 5 - cranial ```

Question 28

how might the olfactory nerve get damaged

Answer 28

fractured cribriform plate - tear olfactory nerve fibres | = anosmia

Question 29

what type of damage can occur from the optic nerve

Answer 29

increased CSF - papilloedema section of right optic nerve - blindness in right eye section of optic chiasm - bitemporal hemianopia section of optic tract - homonymous hemianopia

Question 30

what can happen if the oculomotor nerve is damaged

Answer 30

drooping of upper eyelid eyeball abducted and pointing down no pupillary reflex no accommodation

Question 31

what can happen if the trochlear nerve is damaged

Answer 31

diplopia when looking down

Question 32

what can happen if the abducens nerve is damaged

Answer 32

medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia

Question 33

what happens if there is damage of the trigeminal nerve

Answer 33

paralysis of muscles of mastication loss of corneal or sneezing reflex loss of sensation in the face trigeminal neuralgia

Question 34

why is the facial nerve most frequently injured and what can damage cause

Answer 34

long pathway through the bone bells palsy - cannot frown, close eyelid or bare teeth

Question 35

damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve can cause

Answer 35

tinnitus (ringing in the ears) deafness (conductive vs sensorineural) vertigo (loss of balance) nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)

Question 36

damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve can cause

Answer 36

loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue associated with injuries to CNs X and XI - jugular foramen syndrome

Question 37

what does damage to the vagus nerve cause

Answer 37

pharyngeal branch - difficulty swallowing laryngeal branch - difficulty in speaking

Question 38

what doe damage to the accessory nerve cause

Answer 38

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

Question 39

when is the hypoglossal vulnerable to injury and what does damage cause

Answer 39

during tonsillectomy paralysis and atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue - tip deviates towards affected side