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NEURO > NEW cranial nerves > Flashcards

NEW cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 12 cranial nerves

A 
olfactory
optic
oculomotor
trochlear
trigeminal
abducens 
facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
vagus
accessory
hypoglossal
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2
Q

olfactory origin and foramen

A

olfactory bulbs

cribriform plate

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3
Q

optic origin and foramen

A

diencephalon

optic canal

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4
Q

oculomotor origin and foramen

A

midbrain

superior orbital fissure

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5
Q

trochlear origin and foramen

A

midbrain

superior orbital fissure

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6
Q

trigeminal origin and foramen

A

V1,2,3 - pons

V1 - superior orbital fissure
V2 - foramen rotundum
V3 - foramen ovale

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7
Q

abducens origin and foramen

A

pons, medulla

superior orbital fissure

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8
Q

facial origin and foramen

A

pons, medulla

internal acoustic meatus

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9
Q

vestibulocochlear origin and foramen

A

pons, medulla

internal auditory meatus

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10
Q

glossopharyngeal origin and foramen

A

medulla

jugular foramen

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11
Q

vagus origin and foramen

A

medulla

stylomastoid foramen

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12
Q

accessory origin and foramen

A

medulla/spinal cord

foramen magnum

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13
Q

hypoglossal origin and foramen

A

medulla

hypoglossal canal

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14
Q

olfactory innervation and function

A

nose

SENSORY - smell

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15
Q

optic innervation and function

A

eye - retina

SENSORY - vision

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16
Q

oculomotor innervation and function

A

eye muscles

MOTOR - eye movement

17
Q

trochlear innervation and function

A

Superior oblique muscle (eye)

MOTOR - eye intorsion

18
Q

trigeminal innervation and function

A

V1 - upper face
SENSORY - forehead, nose, nasal cavity, etc

V2 - mid face
SENSORY - lower eyelid, upper teeth/lip, check, nose

V3 - lower face, muscles of mastication
SENSORY - tongue, lower teeth/lip, chin, mastication muscles
MOTOR - chewing by muscles of mastication

19
Q

abducens innervation and function

A 
lateral rectus (eye)
MOTOR - eye abduction
20
Q

facial innervation and function

A

facial muscles, anterior tongue
SENSORY - taste
MOTOR - muscles of scalp/ear

21
Q

vestibulocochlear innervation and function

A

inner ear

SENSORY - balance, equilibrium, hearing

22
Q

glossopharyngeal innervation and function

A

posterior tongue, carotid artery, pharynx
SENSORY - taste, blood pressure, blood O2,
MOTOR - sweating

23
Q

vagus innervation and function

A

heart, pharynx, viscera
SENSORY - viscera, pharynx
MOTOR - heart, gut

24
Q

accessory innervation and function

A

neck,back muscles

MOTOR - neck and back

25
Q

hypoglossal innervation and function

A

tongue muscles

MOTOR - tongue musculature

26
Q

what are the names of the 3 trigeminal branches

A

V1 - ophthalmic
V2 - maxillary
V3 - mandbular

27
Q

what are the names of the 5 facial branches

A 
1 - temporal
2 - zygomatic
3 - buccal
4 - mandibular
5 - cranial
28
Q

how might the olfactory nerve get damaged

A

fractured cribriform plate - tear olfactory nerve fibres

= anosmia

29
Q

what type of damage can occur from the optic nerve

A

increased CSF - papilloedema

section of right optic nerve - blindness in right eye

section of optic chiasm - bitemporal hemianopia

section of optic tract - homonymous hemianopia

30
Q

what can happen if the oculomotor nerve is damaged

A

drooping of upper eyelid
eyeball abducted and pointing down
no pupillary reflex
no accommodation

31
Q

what can happen if the trochlear nerve is damaged

A

diplopia when looking down

32
Q

what can happen if the abducens nerve is damaged

A

medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia

33
Q

what happens if there is damage of the trigeminal nerve

A

paralysis of muscles of mastication
loss of corneal or sneezing reflex
loss of sensation in the face
trigeminal neuralgia

34
Q

why is the facial nerve most frequently injured and what can damage cause

A

long pathway through the bone

bells palsy - cannot frown, close eyelid or bare teeth

35
Q

damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve can cause

A

tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
deafness (conductive vs sensorineural)
vertigo (loss of balance)
nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)

36
Q

damage to the glossopharyngeal nerve can cause

A

loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

associated with injuries to CNs X and XI - jugular foramen syndrome

37
Q

what does damage to the vagus nerve cause

A

pharyngeal branch - difficulty swallowing

laryngeal branch - difficulty in speaking

38
Q

what doe damage to the accessory nerve cause

A

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulders

39
Q

when is the hypoglossal vulnerable to injury and what does damage cause

A

during tonsillectomy

paralysis and atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue - tip deviates towards affected side

NEURO (51 decks)

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