Ventricles, Blood, Forebrain

Question 1

Hindbrain consists of what subdivisions?

Answer 1

Metrencephalon & Myelencephalon

Question 2

Forebrain consists of what subdivisions?

Answer 2

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 3

Midbrain consists of what subdivisions?

Answer 3

Mesencephalon only

Question 4

what are 2 fates of CSF?

Answer 4

1. central canal down spinal cord

2. leaves via aperatures

Question 5

where is the choroid plexus located?

Answer 5

in the ventricles

Question 6

3 purposes of CSF

Answer 6

1. float the brain
2. positive pressure to absorb shock and prevent organisms form entering
3. Chemical stability (provides constant sodium and temperature)

Question 7

CSF has what concentrations of sodium and potassium?

Answer 7

high sodium and low potassium

Question 8

Does CSF have protein?

Answer 8

No effin way! No Protein in CSF!!!!!

Question 9

how much CSF in body? How much is produced each day?

Answer 9

100-150 ml CSF in total - replaced 4x daily

Question 10

What structures are present in the telencephalon?

Answer 10

Cerebral hemispheres
Lateral Ventricles
3rd ventricle
Basal Ganglia

Question 11

What structures are present in the Metencephalon?

Answer 11

Pons
cerebellum
part of 4th ventricle

Question 12

What structures are present in the Mesencephalon?

Answer 12

cerebral aquaduct
red nucleus
substantia nigra
crus cerebelli

Question 13

What structures are present in the Diencephalon?

Answer 13

Epithalmus
Thalmus
Hypothalmus
Pituitary 
Pineal Gland
Part of 3rd Ventricle
Optic cup/nerve

Question 14

What structures are present in the Myelencephalon?

Answer 14

medulla oblongata

part of 4th ventricle

Question 15

CSF leave the apertures and goes where?

Answer 15

the subarachnoid space - flows dorsally around the brain

Question 16

how is CSF removed from around the brain?

Answer 16

Arachnoid granulations come out of the subarachnoid space and into the dural venous sinus- this pushes CSF out into the venous system.

Question 17

what helps to form the positive pressure in the brain?

Answer 17

choroid epithelial cells form tight junctions

Question 18

Hydrocephaly
What is it?
2 types?

Answer 18

Hydrocephaly is too much CSF that causes swelling.

1. obstructive hydrocephaly - debris can clog the aperatures/ canals
2. non-obstructive hydrocephalis - overproduced CSF/ simply can not get rid of it

Question 19

What is the leptomeninges?

Answer 19

arachnoid matter, subarachnoid space, and pai matter

Question 20

what blood vessel breaks in a subarachnoid hemmorage?

What occurs?

Answer 20

blood vessel under subarachnoid space breaks - blood is not contained and it diffuses

Question 21

The middle meningeal artery if ruptured can cause what?

Answer 21

Epidural hematoma- blood fills below skull and pushes meningeal dura down.
Eclipse shape

Question 22

What causes a subdural hematoma?

Answer 22

Blood from subdural vein(torn bridging central vein) fills below the dura and pushes the arachnoid matter and pia matter in.
-Entire sides can fill in

Question 23

What are watershed regions?

Answer 23

anastamoses of anterior cerebral/ middle cerebral arteries or the middl cerebral/osterior cerebral arteries

Question 24

What are projection neurons?

Answer 24

• motor cortex all the way down the brain stem

- spinal cord, basal ganglia, thalmus

Question 25

what are association fibers?

Answer 25

-connect front to back of individual hemispheres to integrate and associate

Question 26

What are commissural fibers?

Answer 26

Connect left and right hemispheres, reciprical connections, if cut, the hemisphers function independantly

Question 27

desussation

Answer 27

cross over of independant tracts at the same site - forms an x

Question 28

Example of a decussation

Answer 28

projection neurons almost all decussate below the medullary pyramids

Question 29

Fasciculus

Answer 29

bundle of fibers

Question 30

Fascicle

Answer 30

bundle

Question 31

crossing fibers

Answer 31

ill deffined fibers whose principal direction may not be defined- ex trochlear nerve

Question 32

chiasma

Answer 32

crossing or intersection of two tracts

Question 33

commissure

Answer 33

union of parts, reciprocal connections

Question 34

a stoke in the right hemisphere affects what side of the body and why?

Answer 34

A stroke on the right hemisphere will affect the motor of the left side of the body below the decussation

Question 35

what are fiber tracts?

Answer 35

white matter in the brain

Question 36

What surrounds the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 36

diencephalon

Question 37

What 3 parts make up the diencephalon?

Answer 37

1. epithalmus
2. thalmus
3. hypothamus

Question 38

what is the job of the thalmus

Answer 38

major relay nucleus

Question 39

What are the names of the tracts as you move from the 
cortex 
diencephalon
midbrain
pons
medulla

Answer 39

cortex - corona Radiata
diencephalon - internal capsule
midbrain-cerebral peduncle
pons - corticospinal tract
medulla- pyramid

Question 40

where is the basal ganglion located?

Answer 40

sides of the 3rd ventricle and thalmus

Question 41

what does parkinson’s disease result from?

Answer 41

the degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra

Question 42

what supplies blood to the basal ganglia

Answer 42

internal carotid

Question 43

what does the basal ganglia do?

Answer 43

It controls willed movement

Question 44

4 major systems that make up the basal ganglia?

Answer 44

1. skeletomotor
2. oculomotor
3. association - planning, attention
4. limbic- affect, motivation, addiction

Question 45

what is the tailed nucleus in the basal ganglia?

Answer 45

the caudate nucleus