Taste & Olfaction

Question 1

the 3 cranial nerves for taste all synapse where?

Answer 1

nucleus solitarius in the pons

Question 2

the 3 cranial nerves for taste all relay in what part of the thalamus?

Answer 2

VPM of thalamus (ventral posterior medial thalamic nucleus)

Question 3

the 3 cranial nerves for taste all ascend the brainstem via the________

Answer 3

central tegmental tract

Question 4

the 3 cranial nerves for taste all leave the thalamus and go the the cortex via the __________

Answer 4

genu of the internal capsule

Question 5

the final destination of all of the 3 cranial nerves for taste is the ____________

Answer 5

gustatory cortex and insula

Question 6

what type of cells are taste buds?

Answer 6

modified epithelial cells

Question 7

where do you taste salty food?

Answer 7

there is not specific region for salty or any type of foods. There are specific channels everywhere for types of tastes

Question 8

what happens when you salt a sour apple?

Answer 8

its sweet b/c is blocks the other pathways

Question 9

what is the lifespan of tastebuds?

Answer 9

10-14 days- fast turnover

Question 10

ganglia of the facial nerve CN 7 for taste is the

Answer 10

geniculate ganglia (cell bodies)

Question 11

ganglia of the glossopharyngeal nerve CN 9 for taste is the

Answer 11

petrosal ganglia (cell bodies)

Question 12

ganglia of the Vagus nerve CN 10 for taste is the

Answer 12

nodose ganglia (cell bodies)

Question 13

which of the cranial nerves of the tongue reaches the cortex first?

Answer 13

CN 7 from the front of the tongue goes to the nucleus solitarius then to the VPM of the thalamus to the cortex first. this is to taste if food is bad or not.

Question 14

what does CN 7 innervate in the oral cavity

Answer 14

anterior 2/3 tongue

soft palate

Question 15

what does CN 9 innervate?

Answer 15

posterior 2/3 tongue
tonsils
oral pharynx
middle ear

Question 16

what does CN X innervate?

Answer 16

epiglotis
base of tongue
areyepiglotic fold
upper larynx

Question 17

what is located in the rostal nucleus solitarius?

Answer 17

taste

Question 18

what is located in the medial nucleus solitarius?

Answer 18

cardio-respiratory

Question 19

function of the insula?

Answer 19

sense of well being

-hunger, pain, craving, deep emotion, speech planning

Question 20

what can a stroke to the left insula affect?

Answer 20

1. loose addiction to smoking
2. anorexia - do not experience pleasure in eating sugars
   - this only occurs in the left insula

Question 21

what are the 5 major targets of olfaction

Answer 21

1. anterior olfactory nucleus
2. olfactory tubercle
3. amygdala
4. piriform cortex
5. entorhinal cortex

Question 22

where do all of the neurons split to different destinations in the olfactory tract?

Answer 22

olfactory trigone

Question 23

2 divisions of the olfactory trigone?

Answer 23

1. medial olfactory tract

2. lateral olfactory tract

Question 24

is olfaction ipsilateral, contralateral, or bilateral?

Answer 24

bilateral

Question 25

what type of neurons are located in the nasal cavity?

Answer 25

primary neurons - outside blood brain barrier = danger

Question 26

neurons in the nasal cavity are covered in _______

Answer 26

mucins

Question 27

where do the primary neurons send signals to?

Answer 27

glomeruli

Question 28

True or False - there are cell bodies located in the glomeruli?

Answer 28

False- no cell bodies in the glomeruli. Just a connection of processes w other processes

Question 29

how are glomeruli organized?

Answer 29

organized by specific odors. ex sulfur smells go to the same glomeruli

Question 30

what are the cell layers of the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 30

1. tufted cell (outer) - encounter 1st
2. mitral cell
3. granular cell (inner)

Question 31

what system can detect pheromones?

Answer 31

vomeronasal system