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Neuroanatomy > Cerebellum > Flashcards

Cerebellum Flashcards

1
Q

the cerebellum is part of what system?

A

extrapyrampidal motor system

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2
Q

cerebellum function?

A

modulates intentional movements

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3
Q

unilateral disease of the cerebellum causes ________ signs

A

ispilateral

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4
Q

dysfunction of the cerebellum produces

A

ataxia (loss of control of bodily movements)

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5
Q

3 lobes of the cerebellum

A
  1. anterior lobe
  2. posterior lobe
  3. flocculonodular lobe
    - extra area- tonsil
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6
Q

the anterior and posterior lobes of the cerebellum are separated by the

A

primary fissure

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7
Q

what separates the two hemispheres?

A

vermis

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8
Q

what type of sensry goes in/ out of the anterior lobe?

A

receives afferents from the spinal cord

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9
Q

anterior lobe of cerebellum controls what?

A

muscle coordination and gait

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10
Q

the posterior lobe recieves what type of signals?

A

receives afferents from cerebral cortex via pons

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11
Q

nodulus

A

sustained vestibular function (balance)

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12
Q

flocculus

A

balance via brief vestibular response and eye gaze

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13
Q

tonsils of the cerebellum function

A

coordination, movement memory

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14
Q

what part of the cerebellum is activated when you learn to ride a bike?

A

tonsils- coordination, movement memory

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15
Q

what are the 3 cell layers of the cerebellum and the cells present in each layer?

A
  1. outer = stellate cells
  2. middle - purkinje cells
  3. inner- granule cells
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16
Q

what cells are excitatory?

A

climbing fibers
mossy fibers
granule fibers

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17
Q

what are the afferents to the cerebellar cortex?

A

climbing and mossy fibers

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18
Q

where are the climbing fibers located?

A

inferior olive

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19
Q

where are the mossy fibers located

A

motor input from everywhere

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20
Q

the efferents of the cerebellum are what type of cell?

Where do they go to?

A

purkinje cells to the
1. cerebellar nuclei
or 2. vestibular nuclei

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21
Q

what is the main output nuclei of the cerebellum?

A

cerebellar nuclei

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22
Q

all output from cerebellar cortex originates from ______

A

purkinje cells

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23
Q

what are the nuclei of the cerebellum?

A 
"Fat Guys Eat Donuts"
F- fastigal nucleus
G - Globose nucleus
E - Emboliform nucleus
D- Dentate nucleus
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24
Q

function of the fastigal nucleus?

A

vestibular balance

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25
Q

function of the globose nucleus?

A

muscle tone

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26
Q

function of the emboliform nucleus?

A

muscle tone

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27
Q

function of the dentate nucleus?

A

coordination, fine voluntary motor activity

major output from purkinje cells to dentate nuclei

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28
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle’s location?

A

midbrain

29
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle’s location?

A

pons

30
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle’s location?

A

medulla

31
Q

superior cerebellar peduncle type of signals

A

efferents to thalamus (thalamocortical tract)

32
Q

middle cerebellar peduncle type of signals

A

cortiopontocerebellar afferents

33
Q

inferior cerebellar peduncle type of signals

A

spinocerebellar afferents and efferents to brainstem

34
Q

spinocerebellar tract carries info from where to where?

A

proprioceptive info from peripheral body to cerebellum

35
Q

where does the spinocerebellar tract first enter the spinal cord?

A

sensory neurons enter the dorsal root ganglion

36
Q

1st synapse of the spinocerebellar tract is where?

A

nucleus dorsalis of clarke

37
Q

how does the spinocerebellar tract ascend and does it decussate and if so where?

A

ascends ipsilaterally through inferior cerebellar peduncle

38
Q

where is the 2nd synapse of the spinalcerebellar tract?

A

axons synapse in cerebellar nuclei and cerebellar cortex

39
Q

the thalamocortical tract carries what type of signals?

to where does it travel?

A

cerebellar efferents to the red nucleus or the VPL of the thalamus (motor cortex)

40
Q

where do the signal of the thalamocortical tract originate?

A

the purkinje cell

41
Q

from the purkinje cell, where do the efferent signal do next in the thalamocortical tract?

A

the dentate nucle

42
Q

the thalamoscortical tract exits the cerebellum via the

A

superior cerebellar peduncle

43
Q

does the thalamocortical tract decussate and if so where?

A

decussates the the midbrain

44
Q

where is the destination of the thalamocortical tract?

A
  1. red nucleus

2. VPL of thalamus then to motor cortex

45
Q

the corticopontocerebellar tract carries what type of signals?
signal travels from where to where?

A
  • cerebellar afferents

- motor cortex to the cerebellum

46
Q

does the corticopontocerebellar tract decussate and if so where?

A

decussates in the olive of the pons

47
Q

path of the corticopontocerebellar tract?

A

1- corticopontine

  1. ponotcerebellar
    - decussates in olive of pons
  2. middle cerebellar peduncle
  3. hemispheres of cerebellum
48
Q

what would happen if there was a lesion in the internal capsule in the cortiocpontocerebellar tract?

A

upper motor neuron signs

49
Q

what would happen if there was a lesion in the pons in the cortiocpontocerebellar tract?

A

upper motor neuron signs

50
Q

what would happen if there was a lesion in themiddle cerebellar peduncle in the cortiocpontocerebellar tract?

A

ipsilateral cerebellar signs

51
Q

what does the corticopontocerebellar tract regulate

A

fine movement of the limbs

52
Q

flocculonodular lobe regulates the

A

vestibular system

53
Q

corticopontocerebellar tract - in the midbrain the fibers are found in the __________

A

cerebral peduncle

54
Q

corticopontocerebellar axons leave the cortex via ___________

A

internal capsule

55
Q

corticopontine axons terminate in the _______

A

pontine nuclei

56
Q

pontocerebellar axons enter the cerebellum via ______

A

contralateral middle cerebellar peduncle

57
Q

purkinje cells in the lateral lobe send axons to the _______

A

dentate nuclei

58
Q

thalamocortical tract- lesions of the cerebellum result in motor deficiencies of the ___________ side

A

ipsilateral side

59
Q

corticopontocerebellar tract - lesions of the cerebral cortex results in motor deficiencies on the __________-

A

contralateral side

60
Q

what happens in spinocerebellar ataxia?

symptoms

A
  • purkinje cells die and folia collapse

- problems walking, balance, gait, swallowing, loss of precison and timing movements, spasticity

61
Q

what occurs in chiari malformation

A

foramen magnum is too small or cerebellum us too large (usually tonsils)
-CSF can not efficientl get out= mild hydrocephaly

62
Q

What occurs in alcoholic cerebellar degeneration?

A

severe degeneration of anterior lobe

-affects gait, trunk, lower limb ataxia

63
Q

what type of ataxia would affect touching you finger to your nose?

A

spinocerebellar ataxia - loss of precision and timing of movement

64
Q

the mossy fibers afferents synapse with _________

A

granule cells

65
Q

what are the 2 destinations of the purkinje cells?

A
  1. cerebellar nuclei

2. vestibular nuclei

66
Q

what are the 3 steps of the vestibulocerebellar pathway?

A
  1. vestibular nuclei
  2. inferior cerebellar peduncle
  3. flocculi and nodulus
67
Q

the final destination of the thalamocortical tract is the

A

red nucleus or the VPL of the thalamus (motor cortex)

68
Q

the major output from purkinje cells is to where?

this has what purpose?

A

dentate nuclei - coordination, fine voluntary motor activity

69
Q

what pathway enables you to walk heel to toes and to use your finger to touch your nose?

A

vestibulocerebellar pathway

Neuroanatomy (12 decks)

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