ventilation

Question 1

how many breaths on average does an adult do per minute resting

Answer 1

12-15 = 500 mLs air at each breath.

Question 2

compliance

Answer 2

measure of ease of lung expansion;
- distensibility of lungs
- retractive forces of lung balanced by semi-rigid structure of the thoracic cage.

Question 3

air way resistance

Answer 3

distribution of air in lungs uneven
airway resistance to airflow in normal individual occurs in larger airways- not completely compliant.
in disease airway resistance occurs in peripheral airways.

Question 4

neural control of breathing

Answer 4

distribution and organisation of respiratory centre that hare highly complex.
upper motor neurones drive lower motor neurones
impulses mediating conscious change travel via corticospinal tract.

Question 5

stretch receptors

Answer 5

found in muscular portion of the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles- prevent over-inflation.
they reflect the volume of the lungs
prevent against excessive stretching
involved in forced breathing only
respond to expansion of the lungs.

Question 6

airway pharmacology

Answer 6

airways contain afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) nerves
cholinergic innervation and noradrenergic innervation