autonomic nervous system Flashcards
central nervous system
processes, interprets, stores information; issues orders to muscles, glands and organs
peripheral nervous system
transmits information to and from the CNS
somatic nervous system
interacts with the external environment; is under voluntary control; skeletal muscle control
autonomic nervous system
interacts with the internal environment (involuntary( regulates glands, blood vessels and internal organs.
spinal chord
bridge between brain and peripheral nerves
features of the somatic nervous system
controls voluntary responses (consciously controlled)
responsible for relaying sensory and motor information between the outside environment and the CNS
Autonomic nervous system features (ANS)
controls involuntary responses
mediates involuntary movement in the body
innervates internal organs
controls vital functions - heart rate, digestion and breathing.
sensory nerves
detects sensations such as pain and heat
- transmits messages towards the CNS to be interpreted by either the spinal cord or brain
skeletal muscle
transmit messages away from the CNS
- stimulate effectors (skin, muscles) to perform a function or a reflex.
layout of the somatic nervous system
transmits a nervous impulse from CNS to an end-target organ
there is only one neuron
layout of ANS
transmits a nervous impulse from CNS to an end-target organ e.g.. smooth muscle
there are two neurons , synapsing at an intermediate ganglion.
sympathetic branch
concerned for preparing the body for emergencies such as flight or fight response
parasympathetic branch
concerned with replenishing stores, conserving energy and non-emergency tasks
layout of ANS- sympathetic neurones
the preganglionic nerve releases acetylcholine that binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
the postganglionic nerve releases noradrenaline that binds to an adrenergic (a and b receptors)
sympathetic nervous system nervous system and the adrenal medulla
adernal gland secretes hormones from an outer cortex and inner medulla
the medulla is sympathetic ganglion innervated by preganglionic neurones
releases the catecholamine hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline
