Venous And Arterial Disease

Question 1

What is varicose veins

Answer 1

involves the superficial veins, leading to distended and damaged veins allowing backflow, leading to stasis and oedema

Question 2

On the CEAP (0-6) scale, what venous disease is treatable

Answer 2

Above C4

Question 3

Treatment of deep venous insufficiency?

Answer 3

compression and elevation (if no arterial problems), decrease oedema, heal ulcers

Question 4

What is chronic venous insufficiency

Answer 4

Blood pools in legs due to failed valves —> vicious cycle leads to inflammation and tissue damage

Question 5

Treatment for superficial venous insufficiency (varicose veins)

Answer 5

endovenous via lasering (heat sticks veins together) followed by compression; foam therapy in smaller veins to induce collapse

Question 6

How is chronic limb ischaemia affected by sleeping (lying down)

Answer 6

pain worse at night when lying down causes loss of gravity which aids distal supply when standing

Question 7

Signs and symptoms of chronic limb ischaemia

Answer 7

ulceration, pallor, hair loss, decreased temperature, increased capillary refill time, decreased sensation and pulses

Question 8

Fontaine classification of chronic limb ischaemia (1-4)

Answer 8

class 1 asymptomatic

class 2 mild claudication (cramping, dull ache)
(2A more than 200m walk, 2B less than 200m walk)

class 3 pain at rest

class 4 necrosis or gangrene

Question 9

What is compartment syndrome

Answer 9

muscle ischaemia, irreversible after 6-8 hours, rise in creatinine kinase