Veins vs Arteries

Question 1

Which has a larger lumen, veins or arteries?

Answer 1

veins (larger diameter)

Question 2

list the layers of a blood vessel (BV) from the most inner part to outer part

Answer 2

lumen, endothelium/simple squamous/epithelia, CT, smooth muscle ((SM) and sympathetic division of ANS)

Question 3

where does vasocontractility happen in BVs?

Answer 3

in the smooth muscle tissues

Question 4

What tissue/s in BVs and other organs are controlled by the sympathetic ANS

Answer 4

smooth muscle tissue

Question 5

which blood vessels are most numerous and the smallest in diameter and thinnest?

Answer 5

capillaries

Question 6

What blood vessels allow gas, nutrients, waste, and hormones to diffuse and into the blood?

Answer 6

capillaries/ capillary beds

Question 7

what type of tissue/ cells are the capillaries made from that allow gas, nutrients, waste, and hormones to diffuse?

Answer 7

endothelium/ simple squamous

Question 8

what is the ring located outside of a capillary?

Answer 8

pre- capillary sphincter (P.C.S.)
* a band/ring of smooth muscle*

Question 9

Does auto-regulation happen locally or on a large scale?

Answer 9

locally
ex: at the pinky finger

Question 10

If O2 is low then…

Answer 10

CO2 is high ( low PH/ more acidic)

Question 10

What systems are not used by auto-regulation?

Answer 10

never uses nervous or endocrine system

Question 11

In auto-regulation where chemoreceptors located?

Answer 11

in the plasma membrane (PM)of smooth muscle cells of pre-capillary sphincter (P.C.S.)

Question 12

What doe chemoreceptors do?

Answer 12

detect local changes (PH, O2, CO2, etc..)
ex: ↓ Ca2+ (low Ca2+)

Question 13

With less Ca2+ thus less contractility, what happens to the size of the pre-capillary sphincter?

Answer 13

less contractility means it will dilate/ open more/ widen

Question 14

What vessels have the most elastin compared to veins?

Answer 14

arteries ( higher blood pressure (BP)compared to veins)

Question 14

What are the effects of the pre-capillary sphincter dilating/ widening

Answer 14

1. blood flow goes⬆️ into local capillary
2. PH goes⬆️( more alkaline), gas exchange goes⬆️, local O2 goes⬆️, and CO2 goes⬇️

Question 14

What effect does the amount of Ca2+ have on contractility

Answer 14

the more Ca2+ the more contraction/ contractility: less Ca2+ is less contractions/ contractility

Question 15

List the pressure from least to greatest for veins, venules, and capillaries

Answer 15

⬇️⬇️⬇️veins, venules⬇️⬇️, capillaries⬇️
(pressure stays relatively constant regardless of V. systole and V. diastole)

Question 16

What blood vessels deal with larger pressure differences during V. systole and V. diastole?

Answer 16

arteries (⬆️elastin in CT)/(protein fiber)

Question 17

What is another name for auto-regulation

Answer 17

intrinsic regulation ( a way to get local parameter back into homeostatic range)

• NEVER uses nervous system(NS) nor endocrine system

Question 18

Intrinsic regulation/ auto-regulation

Answer 18

local fixes, happens in organs and tissues of the body (smooth muscle)

Question 19

Extrinsic regulation

Answer 19

happens in cardiac muscle, controls regulate heart rate, myocardial contractility, and vascular smooth muscle to maintain cardiac output, blood flow distribution, and arterial blood pressure.

Question 20

Name two way blood get back to the atria of the heart from veins ( venous system)
due to no/ low pressure difference

Answer 20

1. vein valves
   ( compartmentalized blood creating high blood pressure to the next compartment

ex: foot( valve pushes blood up) to calf (valve) pushes blood up to upper leg

2. Skeletal muscle tone ( background contractions)
   helps with body temp, posture, keeps joint and bones in place, squeezes veins (background/resting contractions)(⬆️pressure in veins)

Question 21

What two conditions are related to faulty vein valves?

Answer 21

1. varicose veins ( protrusion of the veins due to blood pulling possibly clots
2. hemorrhoids

Question 22

The greater the pressure difference allows for what?

Answer 22

blood to get back to the heart

Question 22

What similarities do the semilunar valves have with vein valves?

Answer 22

They pop open due to pressure difference

Question 23

What can be the damaging effects of blood pooling?

Answer 23

blood clotting