Urinary System

Question 1

What organ is responsible for making urine?

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

What are other functions of the kidney that don’t include making urine?

Answer 2

*remove waste and toxins from the blood
*conserves glucose, water, and electrolytes
*helps maintain osmotic and PH balance in blood
*Secrete hormones
* blood volume

Question 3

What hormones do the kidneys release or secrete?

Answer 3

erythropoietin, renin, and angiotensin

Question 4

What does the hormone erythropoietin do?

Answer 4

promotes red blood cell production in bone marrow

Question 5

What does the hormone angiotensinogen do?

Question 6

What does the hormone renin do?

Answer 6

helps maintain blood pressure

Question 7

what are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 7

Juxtameduallary and cortical nephrons

Question 8

What is unique about the juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 8

enable kidneys to make concentrated urine

Question 9

what is unique about the cortical nephrons?

Answer 9

*most abundant type of nephron
* related to efferent arterioles
* responsible for the majority of reabsorption and secretion

Question 10

DCT( distal convoluted tubules)

Answer 10

have juxtaglomerular complex/ capillaries that secrete hormones
* active in the secretion of ions, drugs, toxins, and acids
*selective reabsorption of Na+ Ca2+
*assists in concentrating fluid

simple cuboidal cells

Question 11

What hormones does the juxtaglomerular complex secrete?

Answer 11

EPO and renin

Question 12

What is the papillary duct function?

Answer 12

dump the urine in minor calyx

Question 12

Collecting ducts or system

Answer 12

*merges to become papillary duct
* last place to determine volume, osmotic concentration, and fluid composition

* columnar cells*

Question 13

What creates capsular colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 13

created by proteins/plasma proteins leaked into filtrate due to damaged glomerulus vesels in the bowmen’s capsule

Question 13

Why is urine concentrated?

Answer 13

to prevent the body from losing too much water

Question 13

What are the 3 main waste products that are found in urine?

Answer 13

• Urea: Most abundant ( breakdown of amino acids/ Liver)
• Creatine: breakdown of creatine phosphate/ Skeletal muscle
  *Uric Acid: recycling of nitrogenous bases from RNA

Question 14

What is the consequence of proteins entering the filtrate due to high capsular osmotic pressure?

Answer 14

promotes higher filtration and higher fluid loss

Question 15

What does the hormone ADH do?

Answer 15

It affects DCT to allow aquaporins, increased absorption, increased blood volume/pressure

Question 16

What does the hormone aldosterone do?

Answer 16

Controls the increased movement of Na+ and the removal of K+
urea reabsorb and removal of Cl- for HCO3

Question 17

What is the waste prodcut produces by the breakdown of amino acids?

Answer 17

urea

Question 18

What is the collecting duct and peritubular relationship?

Question 19

What is the waste product produced by the breakdown of creatine-phospate in the muscles?

Answer 19

creatine