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Physical Science > Vectors > Flashcards

Vectors Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction

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2
Q

What are examples of vector quantities

A

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight

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3
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A physical quantity that has magnitude only

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4
Q

What are examples of scalar quantities

A

Time, mass, distance, speed, charge

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5
Q

What is a resultant vector

A

The single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together

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6
Q

How do we indicate a vector quantity

A

With a straight line and an arrow point

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7
Q

How do we represent vectors on the Cartesian plane

A

Rx is a vector in the horizontal direction and Ry is a vector in the vertical direction

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8
Q

What are collinear vectors

A

Two or more vectors operating in one and the same dimension

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9
Q

What should we do when adding collinear vectors algebraically

A
  1. Vector equation
  2. State which direction in positive
  3. Sub in vectors
  4. Add vectors
  5. Substitute sign for direction
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10
Q

How do we find the magnitude and direction of perpendicular vectors

A

We use the tail to tail or head to tail method then use pythag and trigonometry to solve

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11
Q

How do we add vectors that are not collinear or perpendicular

A
  1. Find x and y components of each force
  2. Add collinear forces
  3. Once you have two perpendicular forces. Use head to tail or tail to tail method to solve
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12
Q

What is equilibrium

A

When the resultant of two or more forces exerted on a point are zero

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13
Q

What is the équilibrant

A

The single force which keeps the other forces in equilibrium. The équilibrant has the same magnitude as the resultant but operates in the opposite direction.

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14
Q

What is the triangle rule of three forces in equilibrium

A

When the forces exerted at a point are in equilibrium, their magnitude and direction can be represented sequentially by the sides of a triangle

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15
Q

What is the component of a vector

A

Two or more vectors which together have the same effect as the original vector. Components can be in any direction

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16
Q

What is a force

A

A pull or a thrust in a certain direction acting on an object.

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17
Q

What are forces classified into

A

Contact and Non-contact forces

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18
Q

What are contact forces

A

Forces exerted by objects on each other when they touch

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19
Q

What are non-contact forces

A

Forces which objects are exerting on each other without contact

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20
Q

What are examples of contact forces

A

Exerted forces (thrust or pull)
Tension
Normal force
Air friction
Resilience

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21
Q

What are examples of non-contact forces

A

Weight
Magnetic forces
Electrostatic forces

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22
Q

What is an applied force

A

A force exerted on an object by a person or another object

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23
Q

What is weight

A

The gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface.

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24
Q

What is normal force

A

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it

25
Q

Define friction force

A

The force that opposes motion of an object

26
Q

What it’s air friction

A

The resistance for Exerted on a moving object by the collision of air particles. It operates in the opposite direction as motion.

27
Q

In what direction does friction act

A

Next to or Parallel to the surface and in the opposite direction of motion

28
Q

What is the magnitude of the friction force dependant on

A

The nature of the two surfaces in contact

29
Q

What are the two types of friction

A

Static friction and kinetic friction

30
Q

What is static friction

A

The frictions force exerted by one surface on another when there is no motion

31
Q

What friction needs to be overcome in order to move a static object

A

Static friction

32
Q

What is maximum static friction

A

The static friction just before an object moves

33
Q

What is kinetic friction

A

The frictional force a surface exerts on an object when the object is moving across the surface

34
Q

What is the static coefficient

A

The relation Fs(max)/N of the two surfaces involved.

35
Q

What is the coefficient of kinetic friction

A

The relation fk/N for the two surfaces involved

36
Q

What is Newton’s first law

A

An object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force

37
Q

What is inertia

A

The property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion

38
Q

What is Newton’s second law

A

When a net force Fnet is applied to an object of mass m, it’s accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration a is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass

39
Q

What is Newton’s third law

A

When an object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A

40
Q

What is newtons law of universal gravitation

A

Every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distances between their centres

41
Q

What is a gravitational field

A

A region in space where a mass will experience a force

42
Q

What Is gravitation force

A

The force acting per unit mass

43
Q

Where is the gravitational field of an object the strongest

A

At its surface

44
Q

How to draw gravitational lines

A

Acting towards the surface of the object encircle the object, do not touch. Further away more spread out. If shown two dimensionally field lines go straight down with equal spacing

45
Q

What factors influence gravitational force

A

Mass of the objects and distance between their centres

46
Q

If a graph is plotted between gravitational force and the product of the masses what would be produced

A

A straight line graph that passes through the origin

47
Q

If a graph is plotted between gravitational force and the distance of the masses what would be produced

A

A hyperbola

48
Q

If a graph is plotted between gravitational force and 1/distancewhat would be produced

A

A straight like graph passing through the origin

49
Q

What is the formula for newtons universal law of gravity

A

F = Gm1m2
————
d^2

50
Q

What is the formula for the gravitational force of an object using its mass and gravitational acceleration

A

Fg = mg

51
Q

What is mass

A

The amount of matter an object consists of and it is the same throughout the universe

52
Q

What is gravitational acceleration

A

The acceleration that a falling object experiences due to the gravitational attraction force of the Earth on the object in the absence of air friction

53
Q

What is the formula for gravitational acceleration

A

g = Gm(earth)
—————
d(earth)^2

54
Q

Does the mass of an object affect the gravitational acceleration of a planet

A

No, Galileo proved this at the tower of pizza

55
Q

When is an object truly weightless as opposed to when people describe something as weightless

A

When it is somewhere in the universe where the gravitational field is zero and the force of gravity on the object is also zero. However when people describe something is weightless they are referring to the feeling when no contact forces are acting on an object other than gravity

56
Q

What is terminal velocity

A

The maximum velocity that can act on an object

57
Q

When a skydiver jumps from an airplane and Fnet = Fg what is the acceleration.

A

a = g = 9,8

58
Q

When a skydiver jumps from an airplane and Fnet = Fg - Fair what is the acceleration

A

a < g = 9,8

59
Q

When a skydiver jumps from an airplane and Fnet = Fg - Fair = 0 what is the acceleration

A

a = 0

Physical Science (29 decks)

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