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Physical Science > Vectors > Flashcards

Vectors Flashcards

1
Q

What is a vector quantity

A

A physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction

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2
Q

What are examples of vector quantities

A

Displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight

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3
Q

What is a scalar quantity

A

A physical quantity that has magnitude only

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4
Q

What are examples of scalar quantities

A

Time, mass, distance, speed, charge

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5
Q

What is a resultant vector

A

The single vector which has the same effect as the original vectors acting together

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6
Q

How do we indicate a vector quantity

A

With a straight line and an arrow point

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7
Q

How do we represent vectors on the Cartesian plane

A

Rx is a vector in the horizontal direction and Ry is a vector in the vertical direction

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8
Q

What are collinear vectors

A

Two or more vectors operating in one and the same dimension

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9
Q

What should we do when adding collinear vectors algebraically

A
  1. Vector equation
  2. State which direction in positive
  3. Sub in vectors
  4. Add vectors
  5. Substitute sign for direction
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10
Q

How do we find the magnitude and direction of perpendicular vectors

A

We use the tail to tail or head to tail method then use pythag and trigonometry to solve

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11
Q

How do we add vectors that are not collinear or perpendicular

A
  1. Find x and y components of each force
  2. Add collinear forces
  3. Once you have two perpendicular forces. Use head to tail or tail to tail method to solve
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12
Q

What is equilibrium

A

When the resultant of two or more forces exerted on a point are zero

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13
Q

What is the équilibrant

A

The single force which keeps the other forces in equilibrium. The équilibrant has the same magnitude as the resultant but operates in the opposite direction.

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14
Q

What is the triangle rule of three forces in equilibrium

A

When the forces exerted at a point are in equilibrium, their magnitude and direction can be represented sequentially by the sides of a triangle

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15
Q

What is the component of a vector

A

Two or more vectors which together have the same effect as the original vector. Components can be in any direction

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16
Q

What is a force

A

A pull or a thrust in a certain direction acting on an object.

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17
Q

What are forces classified into

A

Contact and Non-contact forces

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18
Q

What are contact forces

A

Forces exerted by objects on each other when they touch

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19
Q

What are non-contact forces

A

Forces which objects are exerting on each other without contact

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20
Q

What are examples of contact forces

A

Exerted forces (thrust or pull)
Tension
Normal force
Air friction
Resilience

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21
Q

What are examples of non-contact forces

A

Weight
Magnetic forces
Electrostatic forces

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22
Q

What is an applied force

A

A force exerted on an object by a person or another object

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23
Q

What is weight

A

The gravitational force the Earth exerts on any object on or near its surface.

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24
Q

What is normal force

A

The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it

25
Define friction force
The force that opposes motion of an object
26
What it’s air friction
The resistance for Exerted on a moving object by the collision of air particles. It operates in the opposite direction as motion.
27
In what direction does friction act
Next to or Parallel to the surface and in the opposite direction of motion
28
What is the magnitude of the friction force dependant on
The nature of the two surfaces in contact
29
What are the two types of friction
Static friction and kinetic friction
30
What is static friction
The frictions force exerted by one surface on another when there is no motion
31
What friction needs to be overcome in order to move a static object
Static friction
32
What is maximum static friction
The static friction just before an object moves
33
What is kinetic friction
The frictional force a surface exerts on an object when the object is moving across the surface
34
What is the static coefficient
The relation Fs(max)/N of the two surfaces involved.
35
What is the coefficient of kinetic friction
The relation fk/N for the two surfaces involved
36
What is Newton’s first law
An object continues in a state of rest or uniform velocity unless it is acted upon by a net or resultant force
37
What is inertia
The property of an object that causes it to resist a change in its state of rest or uniform motion
38
What is Newton’s second law
When a net force Fnet is applied to an object of mass m, it’s accelerates in the direction of the net force. The acceleration a is directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass
39
What is Newton’s third law
When an object A exerts a force on object B, object B simultaneously exerts an oppositely directed force of equal magnitude on object A
40
What is newtons law of universal gravitation
Every particle with mass in the universe attracts every other particle with a force which is directly proportional to their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distances between their centres
41
What is a gravitational field
A region in space where a mass will experience a force
42
What Is gravitation force
The force acting per unit mass
43
Where is the gravitational field of an object the strongest
At its surface
44
How to draw gravitational lines
Acting towards the surface of the object encircle the object, do not touch. Further away more spread out. If shown two dimensionally field lines go straight down with equal spacing
45
What factors influence gravitational force
Mass of the objects and distance between their centres
46
If a graph is plotted between gravitational force and the product of the masses what would be produced
A straight line graph that passes through the origin
47
If a graph is plotted between gravitational force and the distance of the masses what would be produced
A hyperbola
48
If a graph is plotted between gravitational force and 1/distancewhat would be produced
A straight like graph passing through the origin
49
What is the formula for newtons universal law of gravity
F = Gm1m2 ———— d^2
50
What is the formula for the gravitational force of an object using its mass and gravitational acceleration
Fg = mg
51
What is mass
The amount of matter an object consists of and it is the same throughout the universe
52
What is gravitational acceleration
The acceleration that a falling object experiences due to the gravitational attraction force of the Earth on the object in the absence of air friction
53
What is the formula for gravitational acceleration
g = Gm(earth) ————— d(earth)^2
54
Does the mass of an object affect the gravitational acceleration of a planet
No, Galileo proved this at the tower of pizza
55
When is an object truly weightless as opposed to when people describe something as weightless
When it is somewhere in the universe where the gravitational field is zero and the force of gravity on the object is also zero. However when people describe something is weightless they are referring to the feeling when no contact forces are acting on an object other than gravity
56
What is terminal velocity
The maximum velocity that can act on an object
57
When a skydiver jumps from an airplane and Fnet = Fg what is the acceleration.
a = g = 9,8
58
When a skydiver jumps from an airplane and Fnet = Fg - Fair what is the acceleration
a < g = 9,8
59
When a skydiver jumps from an airplane and Fnet = Fg - Fair = 0 what is the acceleration
a = 0

Physical Science (29 decks)

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