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Physical Science > Phases Of Matter > Flashcards

Phases Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the three main phases of matter

A

Solid, gas, liquid

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2
Q

What are the properties of solids (9)

A
  • The particles are closely packed
  • The particles vibrate
  • It cannot flow except when in small pieces
  • the kinetic energy is low
    -the intermolecular forces are very strong
    -the density is very high
  • the volume is fixed
  • cannot be compressed
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3
Q

What are the properties of liquids (9)

A

-the particles are further apart
-the ek is higher
-the particles glide over each other
- the intermolecular forces are weaker
-take up the shape of the container
-it can flow
-the volume is fixed
-the density is high
-cannot be compressed

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4
Q

What are the properties of a gas

A

-the particles are very far apart
-possess the most ek
-can flow
-fills up the container
- can be compressed
- the volume is not fixed
-have a low density

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5
Q

What is the physical condition of a substance

A

The phase of a substance and a given temperature

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6
Q

How to determine the physical condition of a substance

A

It’s a solid if:
The melting point is higher than room temperature

It’s a liquid if:
The melting point is lower than room temperature and the boiling point is higher than room temperature

It’s a gas if:
The boiling point is less than room temperature

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7
Q

What is the difference between evaporation and boiling

A

Evaporation:
-at a temp lower than boiling point
-takes place on the surface of a liquid
-slower process
-causes cooling

Boiling
-at boiling temp
-takes place throughout the liquid
-quicker process
-temp stays constant

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8
Q

What is the phase change from a solid to a liquid

A

Melting

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9
Q

What is the phase change from a solid to a gas

A

Sublimation

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10
Q

What is the phase change from liquid to gas

A

Boiling/ evaporation

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11
Q

What is the phase change from liquid to solid

A

Freezing

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12
Q

What is the phase change from gas to liquid

A

Condensation

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13
Q

What is the phase change from gas to solid

A

Deposition

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14
Q

What happens during cooling

A

-heat energy is released
-the temp drops
-ek is drops
-intermolecular forces become stronger
-particles move closer

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15
Q

What happens during heating

A

-temperature rises
-ek rises
-intermolecular forces weaken
-particles move further apart
-heat energy is taken up

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16
Q

What happens during a phase change

A

The temperature and kinetic energy remain constant. The heat energy added or released is used to overcome intermolecular forces or increase intermolecular forces

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17
Q

What is the relationship between Temperature and Kinetic energy

A

Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy

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18
Q

Which are the condensed phases and why

A

Liquids and solids because the particles are close to each other

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19
Q

Which are the fluids out of all the phases and why

A

Liquids and gases because the particles can move over each other

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20
Q

What is matter divided into

A

Pure substances and mixtures

21
Q

What are pure substances divided into

A

Elements and compounds

22
Q

What are elements divided into

A

Metals, metalloids and non-metals

23
Q

What are mixtures divided into

A

Homogeneous and heterogenous

24
Q

What is an electrical conductor

A

A material that allows the flow of electrical charge through it

25
Q

What is an electrical insulator

A

A material that prevents the flow of electrical charge through it

26
Q

What is a thermal conductor

A

A material that allows heat to pass through easily

27
Q

What is a high boiling point

A

The high temperature at which a liquids vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure

28
Q

What is transparent

A

A material allowing light to pass through so that object behind can be directly seen

29
Q

What is brittle

A

A substance that is hard but likely to break or crack easily

30
Q

What does dense mean

A

High Mass per unit volume

31
Q

What does malleable mean

A

The ability of a material to be hammered or pressed into shape

32
Q

What is a high melting point

A

The high temperature at which a solid changes it’s phase to becomes a liquid

33
Q

What is flexible

A

The ability of a material to deform elastically and return to its original shape when then applied stress is removed

34
Q

What does flammable mean

A

The ability of a material to set on fire

35
Q

What does ductile mean

A

The ability of a material to be stretched out Into thin wire

36
Q

What are the properties of mixtures explain each with an example

A
  • Substances in a mixture can be mixed in an relationship. For example if you have a mixture of salt and water. No matter how much salt you add to the water, it will still be called a mixture of salt and water.
  • The substances in a mixture keep their separate properties. For example in a mixture of salt and water both the salt and water keep the same properties that they had when the salt was outside the water.
  • Substances in a mixture can be separated through mechanical separating methods. For example you can separate a salt and water mixture using distillation
37
Q

What are the different ways to separate a mixture

A
  • Distillation (based on the boiling point of a liquid usually used for homogeneous mixtures )
  • hand separation (big visible particles)
  • magnet (to separate a magnet from a non-magnetic material)
    -filtration (for when there is bigger particles and smaller particles)
    Etc
38
Q

How to test for Impure substances

A

Using melting and boiling points, chromatography

39
Q

What is matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass

40
Q

What are materials

A

Substances composed out of matter

41
Q

What are the physical properties of a material

A

The properties we can detect when va material is studied on its own

42
Q

What is a mixture

A

An impure substance made up of two or more pure substances where the substances are not joined or bonded together and no chemical reaction occurs between them

43
Q

What are the two types of mixtures

A

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

44
Q

What are the three properties of mixtures

A
  • they can be mixed in any proportion, eg a salt water solution will be called a slay water solution no matter how much salt or water there is
  • the substances in a mixture keep their separate properties eg in a saltwater solution the salt keeps the same properties it had when it was outside the water
  • substances in a mixture can be separated through mechanical separation methods such as evaporation
45
Q

What makes a homogeneous mixture uniform and a heterogeneous mixture bit

A

The substances are in one phase in a homogeneous mixture whereas they aren’t in a heterogeneous mixture

46
Q

How can we test for impurities

A
  • by measuring the melting and boiling points of substances. Pure substances have a fixed melting and boiling point, impurities lower the melting point and increases the boiling point.
  • by chromatography.
47
Q

What is chromatography

A

The process whereby substances are divided into their various components. There is paper, liquid, column and gas chromatography

48
Q

How to conduct a paper chromatography test

A
  1. Place pencil over a beaker with ethanol or water
  2. Place a strip of chromatography paper with the solution below the dot
  3. The solution is siphoned by the paper and moves upwards
  4. Different colourants have different solubilities and thus will travel different distances up the paper (more soluble more distance)
  5. If different colour patches observed then impure substance. Else one patch then pure substance

Physical Science (29 decks)

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