Definitions Flashcards
What is a mixture
A combination of two or more substances where the substances are not joined or bonded together and no chemical reaction occurs between the substances
What is an element
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means
What is a compound
A group of two or more atoms, attracted by a relatively strong bond, the atoms are combined in fixed proportions
What is a cation
A positive ion formed when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons
What is an anion
A negative ion formed when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons
What is a metalloid
A element with mostly non-metallic properties, their distinguishing characteristic is that their conductivity increases as their temperature increases
What is diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
What is the Brownian motion
Random motion of particles suspended in a liquid or gas resulting from their collision with quick atoms or molecule in the liquid or gas
What is a freezing point
The temperature at which a liquid changes it’s phase to become a solid
What is a boiling point
The point at which a liquids vapour pressure is equal to atmospheric pressure
What is a melting point
The point at which a solid changes it’s phase to become a liquid
What is evaporation
Process of going from a liquid to a gas
What is sublimination
Process of going from a solid to a gas
What is condensation
The process of going from a gas to a liquid
What is the kinetic molecular theory
All matter is composed of particles which have a certain amount of energy which allows them to move at different speeds depending on the temperature (energy)
. There are spaces between the particles and also attractive forced between particles when they come closer together.
What is latent/transitional heat
The heat produced or released during a phase change
What are volatile liquids
Liquids that evaporate at room temperature
What is the difference between macroscopic and microscopic properties
Macroscopic properties refer to boiling and melting melting points and evaporation. Microscopic refers to what happens in the atom and the molecular structure of sun stances
What is Relative atomic mass
The ratio of the average mass of one atom of an element to one twelfth of the mass of atom carbon-12
What is atomic number (Z)
Number of protons in an atoms
What is a proton
A particle found in the nucleus of an atom, it is positively charged
What is an electron
Smallest particle that makes up an atom and is found outside the nucleus, it is negatively charged
What is a neutron
A particle found in the nucleus of an atom, it has no electrical charge
What is atomic mass (A)
Number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom