Vector Borne Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
Who is this? What disease do they cause?
A
Leishmania spp
Leishmaniasis
2
Q
Who is this? What disease do they cause?
A
Trypanosoma cruzi
Chagas disease
3
Q
What kind of parasite is Trypanosoma cruzi? Who spreads it?
A
- hemoflagellate protozoan parasite
- spread via feces from triatomine bug
4
Q
What is the life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi?
A
5
Q
Geographic distribution of Chagas disease?
A
- south america, central america, south west USA, Mexico
6
Q
How is Chagas transmitted?
A
- feces rubbed into wound, mouth, eyes, feeding site, eating the bug, blood transfusion, contaminated food
- dogs can become infected by eating infected kissing bugs or infected tissue from other animals
7
Q
Clinical manifestations of Chaga’s disease?
A
- similar in humans & dogs
- lethargy, decreased appetite, weight loss
- fainting, exercise intolerance, vomiting, D+
- characteristic signs: cardiomegaly, heart failure, arrythmias, organomegaly (spleen, liver), sudden death
8
Q
what is the acute stage of Chagas disease?
A
- usually no clinical signs or nonspecific
- occasionally lymph nodes & spleen will be enlarged, pale gums
9
Q
what is the indeterminate/latent stage of Chagas disease?
A
- dog enters this stage after seroconversion (~ 1 month) asymptomatic, amastigotes present in tissue
- dog may stay in this stage for life & not develop symptoms
10
Q
what is the chronic stage of Chagas disease?
A
- when dog presents w/ symptoms
- amastigotes continue to replicate (most commonly in heart tissue), the dog will develop signs of heart failure
11
Q
In which stage of chagas disease can sudden death occur?
A
any stage
12
Q
how do we diagnose acute stage Chaga’s disease?
A
- extremely uncommon
- PCR
- direct exam (microscopy) using thick or thin blood smears (unreliable b/c parasitemia may be too low to detect)
- if patient has progressed out of acute stage, there will be an undetectable level of parasites in the blood (so no microscopy)
13
Q
how do we diagnose indeterminate/ chronic stage Chaga’s disease?
A
- also uncommon
- serological techniques (ELISA, IFA, IHA, rapid test)
- at least 2 serological assays required for definitive diagnosis (if disagree, need 3rd test)
- typically diagnosed by cardiomegaly & other organomegaly, ECG + knowledge that they have travelled (take breed & diet into consideration)
14
Q
What is the treatment for Chagas disease?
A
- limited in dogs & humans
- Benznidazole in dogs & humans
- most efficacious in acute stage
- 50% drop in efficacy in chronic stage
- symptomatic treatment in dogs
15
Q
A
