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Parasitology II > Cattle & Sheep Non-GI Worms > Flashcards

Cattle & Sheep Non-GI Worms Flashcards

1
Q

What is the life cycle of Dictyocaulus viviparus?

A
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2
Q

What is the life cycle of protostrongylids?

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3
Q

What is the life cycle of Stephanofilaria stilesi?

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4
Q

What is the life cycle of Setaria spp.?

A
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5
Q

What is the life cycle of Moniezia spp & Thysanosoma spp?

A

More pathogenic in sheep, esp. lambs (D+, weight loss)

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6
Q

What is the life cycle of Taenia ovis (ovine cysticercosis)?

A
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7
Q

What is the life cycle of Taenia saginata (bovine cysticercosis)?

A
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8
Q

What is the life cycle of Fasciola hepatica?

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9
Q

What is the life cycle of Fascioloides magna?

A
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10
Q

What is trematode disease in sheep with Fasciola hepatica?

A
  • normal DH
  • acute fasciolosis (migration of juvenile flukes in liver ingested in short time span)
  • liver damage & hemorrhage
  • sudden death, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, submandibular edema, ascites, dyspnea, abdominal pain occurring 2-6 wks after infection, eggs present
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11
Q

What is trematode disease in sheep with Fascioloides magna?

A
  • aberrant DH
  • nonpatent infections
  • flukes migrate around the liver & cause significant tissue damage
  • aberrant hosts usually die w/in a few months of infection (BEFORE PATENT)
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12
Q

What is the life cycle of Dicrocoelium dendriticum?

A
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13
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

L1 larvae of Dictyocaulus viviparus from FRESH feces

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14
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

L1 larvae of Dictyocaulus filaria found in feces (Baermann)
- anterior cone

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15
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Dorsal spined larvae
- Muellerius (sheep & goats)
- Parelaphostrongylus spp. (wild cervids)

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16
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Protostrongylus or spiked tail larvae
- Protostrongylus (bighorn & thinhorn sheep)
- Orthostrongylus (wild cervids)

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17
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Dictyocaulus larvae
- D. viviparous (cattle)
- D. filaria (sheep)

18
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Moniezia sp. egg shed in feces

19
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Thysanosoma sp egg packet shed in feces

20
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Taeniid egg shed in feces

21
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Taeniid gravid segment shed in feces

22
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Fasciola hepatica eggs shed in feces

23
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Dicrocoelium dendriticum eggs shed in feces

24
Q

Diagnostic test for Dictyocaulus viviparous?

A

Baermann on FRESH samples

25
Q

Diagnostic test for Dictyocaulus filaria?

A

Baermann on FRESH samples

26
Q

How do we diagnose Stephanofilaria stilesi?

A

clinical symptoms, microfilaria in skin biopsy

27
Q

How do we diagnose Taenia ovis?

A
  • no clinical signs associated w/ adult stages in dogs or cysticerci in sheep
  • at post-mortem, cysticerci in skeletal muscle & heart lead to carcass condemnation (not a zoonosis)
  • increasing cause of concern for sheep producers in western Canada
28
Q

How do we diagnose Fasciola hepatica?

A
  • fecal sedimentation (eggs too dense to float)
  • coproantigen, antibodies in bulk tank milk
  • bloodwork: +/- anemia, hypoalbuminemia, eosinophilia, elevated liver enzymes
  • liver pathology on post-mortem or meat inspection
29
Q

Who is this shed stage?

A

Fasciola Hepatica eggs in fecal sedimentation

30
Q

What is chronic fasciolosis in Cattle?

A
  • adult flukes in bile ducts
  • generally sub-clinical
  • reduced growth & fertility, progressive loss of condition
  • post-mortem: chronic cholangitis, calcified bile ducts
31
Q

What condition can migrating flukes trigger in all livestock?

A

clostridial disease
- flukes activate clostridia spores in the liver (bacillary hemoglobinuria aka redwater disease)
- clostridia is a bact that produces spores which are ingested & live in the rumen & liver of healthy cattle, damage by liver flukes cause these spores to germinate & can produce a toxin that can destroy RBCs

32
Q

How do we control for Dictyocaulus viviparous?

A
  • vaccine (irradiated L3) used in Europe, given to calves before 1st turnout
  • anthelminthics (esp MLs): are given at midpoint of 1st grazing season
33
Q

How do we treat for Stephanofilaria stilesi?

A
  • ML kill the microfilaria & resolve skin lesions w/in 2-3 wks
  • adults resist treatment & survive for years
34
Q

Who is this? & where are they found?
- no rostellum or hooks
- wider than long

A

Moniezia spp.
intestines

35
Q

Who is this? & where are they found?
- no rostellum or hooks

A

Thysanosoma spp.
intestines, bile & pancreatic ducts

36
Q

How do we control for Taenia ovis?

A
  • no treatment for sheep
  • treat dogs w/ praziquantel AT LEAST 2x per year
  • prevent dogs from eating infected sheep carcasses
  • prevent dogs (& coyotes) from pooping on sheep feed & pasture
37
Q

How do we control & treat for Taenia saginatta in definitive hosts?

A
  • treatment of carrier people w/ cestocides
  • goal: halt environmental contamination w/ immediately infective eggs
  • prevent access to IH (raw or undercooked meat in endemic regions)
  • cook meat to the safe internal temperature (160 F / 71 C)
38
Q

How do we control & treat for Taenia saginatta in intermediate hosts?

A

Cattle
- no treatment available or suitable
- meat inspection
- prevent livestock access to human feces

39
Q

CFIA control of Bovine cysticercosis in Canada?

A
  • REPORTABLE DISEASE under Health of Animals Act: meat inspectors, vets, & labs must IMMEDIATELY report EVEN SUSPICION of disease to CFIA DISTRICT VET
    CFIA
  • quarantine premises & source farms
  • license remaining animals to slaughter
  • make recommendations to halt transmission
  • lift quarantine/open feedlot after certain number of the animals are negative
40
Q

Why is control of Fascioloides magna difficult?

A

wildlife reservoir (deer, elk, caribou are DH)

41
Q

How do we control for flukes in cattle & sheep?

A
  • rarely necessary in Western Canada in cattle
  • prevention: avoid known contaminated pastures, avoid liquid manure as fertilizer from infected herds near water, prevent livestock access to wetlands & cervid access to pastures
  • control in problem herds: treatment of all exposed ruminants on farm, CLOSANTEL (FLUKIVER) OR TRICLABENDAZOLE IN FALL (resistance observed to latter in Europe) to kill juvenile flukes - SHEEP
  • albendazole in early winter to kill adult flukes - DAIRY
  • vaccination for clostridial diseases (at least every 6 months)

Parasitology II (9 decks)

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